Fairy tale traditions in amateur and professional young writers’ creativity

The turn of the 21st century has seen Russian writers’ increased interest in the genre of fairy tale. This paper discusses young Russian writers’ approaches to fairy tale traditions in texts of their own. The subjects of the study consisted of the Debut Prize winners and the so-called amateur writers (fans of Tolkien’s and Rowling’s books, and gamers) and their literary works. The study is aimed at establishing main trends in usage of folklore traditions in the first two decades of the 21st century; the paper is also concerned with examining similarities and differences between two generations of modern Russian writers in the matter of their approaches to classical heritage. To compare fairy tale texts, Vladimir Propp’s narrative model has been applied. One of the central claims of the study is that young authors tend to emulate literary samples by prominent contemporary Russian writers (mostly by Lyudmila Petrushevskaya). Thus, an efficient way of creating a contemporary fairy tale by a young author is to immerse its characters into the modern reality that is presented in a variety of its manifestations – from everyday routine to philosophic ideas. The young writers’ texts display such traditional features of literary folklorism as genuine fairy tale plots and motifs, their structural and style models, characters, magical objects, and the artistic device of estrangement

Радикально-цепное окисление кумола в присутствии различных супрамолекулярных систем, содержащих анион-радикал кислорода

Проблематика. У більшості публікацій з проблем, пов’язаних з активними формами кисню, підкреслюється їх деструктивна дія на мембрани, нуклеїнові кислоти і білки. Але поза увагою багатьох дослідників залишається величезний масив даних, що свідчать про абсолютну необхідність активних форм кисню для процесів життєдіяльності. Численні емпіричні дані входять у суперечність зі сформованою в класичній біохімії схемою, в рамках якої активні форми кисню бачаться лише як надактивні хімічні частинки, які можуть порушувати стрункий хід нормальних біохімічних процесів. Тому актуальним є вивчення ролі супероксиданіона в процесах радикально-ланцюгового окиснення, де його функція як медіатора практично не досліджена. Мета дослідження. Дослідження процесу ініційованого окиснення кумолу за наявності різних супрамолекулярних систем, що містять аніон-радикал кисню. Методика реалізації. Використано рівноважні розчини супрамолекулярних комплексів КО2*краун-ефір, для яких час досягнення рівноваги оцінювався методом вимірювання електропровідності. За кінетикою окиснення кумолу за наявності аніонрадикала кисню спостерігали газоволюмометрично. Для дослідження впливу природи катіона на процес окиснення дослідної суміші використано різні краун-ефіри для утворення супрамолекулярної системи КО2*краун-ефір у середовищі ДМСО. Результати дослідження. Встановлено, що ефективність дії комплексу КО2*краун-ефір залежить від природи краунефіру, що дає змогу вибрати найбільш оптимальну систему для готування інгібуючої суміші. Висновки. Проведені дослідження дають можливість вибрати оптимальний режим і структуру комплексу – джерела аніон-радикала кисню залежно від цілей експерименту. Отримані данні можуть мати суттєве значення при вивченні ролі активних форм кисню в біохімічних процесах.Background. In most publications on the problems associated with reactive oxygen species, highlights their destructive effect on the membranes, nucleic acids and proteins. But many researchers overlooked the vast array of data showing the absolute necessity of reactive oxygen to vital processes. So many empirical data are in conflict with established in classical biochemistry scheme in which reactive oxygen species are seen only as hyperactive chemical particles that can disrupt normal harmonious progress of biochemical processes. In this regard, the study of superoxide anion role in the radical-chain oxidation processes is important, where its function as mediator remains virtually unexplored. Objective. The aim is to research the process of initiated cumene oxidation in the presence of different supramolecular systems containing anion radical oxygen. Methods. The paper used the equilibrium solutions of supramolecular complexes KO2*crown-ether, for which balance achieving time was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity. The cumene oxidation kinetics in the presence of oxygen radical anion was monitored by gas volumetric method. To study the influence of the cation nature on the experimental mixture oxidation, we used various crown ethers to form supramolecular systems KO2*crown in DMSO. Results. It was stated that effectiveness of the complex action depends on the crown-ether nature, which allows choosing the most optimal system for the inhibiting mixture preparation. Conclusions. Our studies allow choosing the best mode and the complex structure - a source of oxygen anion radical, depending on the objectives and goals of the experiment. The received data can have significant value in studying the role of reactive oxygen species in biochemical processes.Проблематика. В большинстве публикаций по проблемам, связанным с активными формами кислорода, подчеркивается их деструктивное действие на мембраны, нуклеиновые кислоты и белки. Но без внимания многих исследователей остается огромный массив данных, свидетельствующих об абсолютной необходимости активных форм кислорода для процессов жизнедеятельности. Многочисленные эмпирические данные входят в противоречие со сложившейся в классической биохимии схемой, в рамках которой активные формы кислорода видятся только как сверхактивные химические частицы, которые могут нарушать стройный ход нормальных биохимических процессов. В связи с этим актуальное значение приобретает изучение роли супероксид-аниона в процессах радикально-цепного окисления, где его функция как медиатора остается практически не исследованной. Цель исследования. Исследование процесса инициированного окисления кумола в присутствии различных супрамолекулярных систем, содержащих анион-радикал кислорода. Методика реализации. Использованы равновесные растворы супрамолекулярных комплексов КО2*краун-эфир, для которых время достижения равновесия оценивалось методом измерения электропроводности. За кинетикой окисления кумола в присутствии анион-радикала кислорода следили газоволюмометрически. Для исследования влияния природы катиона на процесс окисления исследовательской смеси использованы различные краун-эфиры для образования супрамолекулярной системы КО2*краун-эфир в среде ДМСО. Результаты исследования. Установлено, что эффективность действия комплекса зависит от природы краун-эфира, что позволяет выбрать наиболее оптимальную систему для приготовления ингибирующей смеси. Выводы. Проведенные исследования позволяют выбрать оптимальный режим и структуру комплекса – источники анион-радикала кислорода в зависимости от задачи и целей эксперимента. Полученные данные могут иметь существенное значение при изучении роли активных форм кислорода в биохимических процессах

SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF FOOD-STUFF RAW MATERIAL AND FOOD PRODUCTS IN BURYAT REPUBLIC

The aim of study was a hygienic assessment on sanitary and chemical, microbiological indicators of food and the food staples, realized in the territory of the Buryat Republic during 2008-2012. Preparation for processing of primary data and the subsequent statistical analysis made with Excel and the integrated package STATISTICA 6.0. Calculation of percent of tests of hygienic standards not conforming to requirements (%) on areas and as a whole on the republic is carried out. The specified sizes are determined as for separate years, and on the average for the period. To average values 95% confidential intervals (CI) are calculated. As significant deviations from the average levels the sizes which are going out of CI were considered. The performed result of assessment of the laboratory studies may testify that the stable high percent of the samples which don't accord to the normative in the sanitary-chemical indices is available at present. Using the cluster analyses allowed to reveal that according to the sanitary-chemical indices 52,4 % of all the regions in which the portion of the non-standard samples was found to be in the range of 95% confidence interval (CI) [6,5-9,0] % of the average level have formed the more numerous (1st) cluster. The second cluster consisted of the Zaigrayevskiy and Bichurskiy regions in which the statistically significant increase in the prevalence of the non-standard samples was revealed. In 5 regions and the capital of Republic (Ulan-Ude) in the third cluster the most significant percent of the samples which don't accord to the hygienic claims (CI [15,0-29,0] %) is continuously registered. The fourth cluster consisted of three regions situated in the northern part of Buryat Republic in which the non-standard samples are extremely rare revealed (CI [0,5-2,2] %). The samples portion which don't accord to the hygienic normative in the microbiological indices was found to increase by 1,4-fold compared to the 2009-2011 years and amounted 3,8 % in 2012 year. The analysis based on the territorial factor has shown that the high levels of the non-standard samples of the food products in the microbiological indices were found to be in the regions of the first cluster: Eravninskiy, Mukhorshibirskiy, Kabanskiy and Ulan-Ude (CI [5,1-7,8] %), the last revealed level is the regions of the third cluster: Zakamenskiy, Bichurskiy, Barguzinskiy, Kurumkanskiy, Okinskiy, Bauntovskiy (CI [0,10-0,24] %). The control of microbiological safety allowed to reveal the most significant, in epidemic relation, food products: milk, meat, fish products, the products of children's food as well as the poultry products

Frequency of hyperglycemia and polymorphism of TNF and TP53 genes in patients with acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: «The vicious circle» of associations of diabetes mellitus (DM) with pancreatic pathology, when pancreatic diseases can initiate DM, and type 2 DM — cause functional and organic pancreatic pathology, determines the search for possible associations. Some studies have established a relationship between TNF or TP53 polymorphisms with DM or with pancreatic diseases.AIMS: to determine and compare fasting plasma glucose and the frequency of hyperglycemia in patients with acute pancreatitis (APp), chronic pancreatitis (CPp), pancreatic cancer (PCp) depending on gender, etiology or stage of the disease, polymorphism -308G/A TNF gene in all patients, and polymorphism 72Arg/Pro gene TP53 in PCp..MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 44 APp, 97 CPp and 45 PCp were examined; the groups were comparable by sex/age. Informed consent form for participate in the study was obtained from all patients. The main outcome of the study: frequency of hyperglycemia in APp, CPp, PCp, considering the polymorphism TNF and TP53 genes. RESULTS: The lowest age-standardized fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was found in CPp (6,2±0,2 mmol/l) than in APp (6,7±0,2 mmol/l, p=0,041). In PCp (6,6±0,2 mmol/l), the average levels of FPG did not differ substantially when compared with APp (p=0,749) or CPp (p=0,092). In APp, the norm of GP was detected less frequently (31,8%) than in CPp (54,6%, χ2 =6,3, p=0,012), and the frequency of the norm of GP in PCp (48,9%) did not differ with that in APp or CPp. The frequency of FPG≥6,1<7,0 mmol/l did not differ in APp (20,5%), CPp (9,3%) or PCp (17,8%). The frequency of FGP≥7.0 mmol/l did not differ in APp CPp and PCp: 47,7, 36,1, 33,3%. Logistic regression analysis revealed a tendency for an increased chance of having stage 3–4 PC with FPG≥7,0 mmol/l (Exp (B)=3,205 95%CI 0,866–11,855, p=0,081) in PCp, but not in patients with pancreatic necrosis or “definite» СP.The frequencies of G/G (71,4, 74,7, 76,2%), G/A (26,2, 24,1, 23,8%) of TNF genotypes did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp, p>0,05. In PCp genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, Pro/Pro polymorphism gene 72Arg/Pro TP53 in 2,4, 35,7, 61,9% of cases. No associations of GP≥7,0 mmol/l with TNF polymorphism in APp, CPp, PCp and with TP53 polymorphism in PCp were obtained.CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of FGP≥7,0 mmol/l did not differ for various pancreatic disease and was not associated with the risk of pancreatic necrosis and “defined” CP. The -308G/A polymorphism TNF gene did not differ in APp, CPp or PCp and was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. The 72Arg/Pro polymorphism TP53 gene in PCp was not associated with impaired carbohydrate metabolism

Обоснование эффективности системы взаимоотношений с клиентами

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article describes an approach of the method to study effectiveness of modern system of relationships with customers based on information technologies. In addition direct economic effects, indirect effects and effects of reducing risks in the performance of transport and logistics services are considered. Creating such a system in the holding Russian Railways is intended to increase the competitiveness of rail transport, to attract new customers, to increase revenue and reduce unproductive losses, which arise due to unsatisfactory performance referring to fulfillment of contractual obligations in the field of carriage of goods. Keywords: railway, CRM, holding company, service quality, transportation market, customer focus, logistics, efficiency, system of customer relationship, information technologies. REFERENCES 1.Tereshina, N.P.Economic regulation and com­petitiveness of transportation [Ekonomicheskoe regu­lirovanie i konkurentosposobnost’ perevozok].Moscow, Railway Ministry, 1994, 132 p. 2.Khusainov, F.I.Railways and the market: a collection of articles [Zheleznye dorogi i rynok: sbornik statej].Moscow, Nauka publ., 2015, 582 p. 3.Sokolov , Yu.I.The economics of quality of transport service of cargo owners: monograph [Ekonomika kachestva transportnogo obsluzhivanija gruzovladel’cev: monografija].Moscow, TMC for education on railway transport, 2011, 184 p. 4.Lavrov, I.M.Economic evaluation of the quality of transport services of cargo owners in terms of multiplic­ity of participants in transportation process [Ekonomiches­kaja ocenka kachestva transportnogo obsluzhivanija gruzovladel’cev v uslovijah mnozhestvennosti uchastnikov perevozochnogo processa].Ph.D.(Economics) thesis.Moscow, 2015, 167 p. 5.Macheret, D.A.Methodological problems of studies on railway transport [Metodologicheskie problemy issledovanij na zheleznodorozhnom transporte].Ekonomika zheleznyh dorog, 2015, Iss.3, pp.12-26. 6.Subjects and methods to assess the quality of transport services in terms of competition in the freight transportation market [Sub’ekty i metody ocenki kachestva transportnogo obsluzhivanija v uslovijah konkurencii na rynke gruzovyh perevozok].Vektor transporta, 2014, Vol.2, pp.44-52. 7.Sokolov, Yu.I.Service quality should be assessed by the clients themselves.World of Transport and Transportation, Vol.13, 2015, Iss.4, pp.100-109. 8.Baginova, V.V., Fedorov, L.S., Lievin, S.B.Logistics business: harmony of costs and outcome.World of Transport and Transportation, Vol.12, Iss.5, pp.112- 115.Текст аннотации на англ. языке и полный текст статьи на англ. языке находится в прилагаемом файле ПДФ (англ. версия следует после русской версии).В статье демонстрируются подходы к исследованию эффективности современной системы взаимоотношений с клиентами на основе информационных технологий. В том числе рассматриваются прямые и косвенные экономические эффекты и эффекты снижения рисков при выполнении транспортно- логистических услуг. Создание такой системы в холдинге «РЖД» преследует цели повысить конкурентоспособность железнодорожного транспорта, привлечь новых клиентов, увеличить доходы и сократить непроизводительные потери, которые возникают вследствие неудовлетворительного выполнения взятых на себя обязательств по перевозке грузов

Familial adenomatosis of the colon: current state of the problem

The urgency of the problem of familial adenomatosis of the colon (FAC) is caused both by the severity of the disease with the inevitable development of cancer without timely treatment, and the involvement of the patient's blood relatives in this problem. Due to the rare incidence of this disease, many issues require discussion. Aim. To determine the possibility of timely treatment of FAC patients maintaining a satisfactory quality of life. Materials and methods. The data on 5 FAC patients and 12 their blood relatives were studied. Clinical, endoscopic and genetic characteristics of the disease and treatment were analyzed. Results. demonstrated that family history, genetic and endoscopic examinations allow diagnosis of FAC. Colectomy with rectal resection and the creation of a small intestine reservoir with reservoir-rectal anastomosis provide a sufficient quality of life for patients. Examination of the patient's blood relatives reveals new patients requiring additional examination and treatment. Conclusion. The problem of FAC is multidisciplinary and involves therapists, gastroenterologists, pediatricians, geneticists, endoscopists, radiologists, surgeons and oncologists. Only a timely diagnosis can help the patient to undergo radical treatment before the development of colon cancer

Extracellular vesicles derived from Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8

Extracellular vesicle production is believed to be a ubiquitous process in bacteria, but the data on such a process in Mollicutes are absent. We report the isolation of ultramicroforms - extracellular vesicles from supernatants of Acholeplasma laidlawii PG8 (ubiquitous mycoplasma; the main contaminant of cell culture). Considering sizes, morphology, and ultrastructural organization, the ultramicroforms of A. laidlawii PG8 are similar to membrane vesicles of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We demonstrate that A. laidlawii PG8 vesicles contain genetic material and proteins, and are mutagenic to lymphocytes of human peripheral blood. We show that Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6, the other mycoplasma, also produce similar structures, which suggests that shedding of the vesicles might be the common phenomenon in Mollicutes. We found that the action of stress conditions results in the intensive formation of ultramicroforms in mycoplasmas. The role of vesicular formation in mycoplasmas remains to be studied. ©2011 with author. Published by TheScientificWorld

Metabolic Risk Factors and Their Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer, Acute or Exacerbated Chronic Pancreatitis

Аim: to evaluate metabolic risk factors and their impact on quality of life in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) and in patients with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis.Materials and methods. Forty-five patients with PC (group 1) and 141 patients with acute pancreatitis or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis (group 2) in an observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled study were examined. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination of patients and assessment of risk factors (lipid profile, blood plasma glucose, obesity, arterial hypertension) were carried out in accordance with clinical recommendations. Patients completed the SF-36 questionnaire once to assess quality of life at hospital admission before treatment.Results. In group 1, indicators of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in blood serum (3.7 ± 0.2; 2.2 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L) were lower than in group 2 (5.1 ± 0.1; 3.1 ± 0.1 and 1.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Arterial hypertension was more common in group 1 (55.6 %) than in group 2 (34.8 %; p = 0.013). The presence of arterial hypertension increases the chance of having PC by 2.7 times (p < 0.05). Body mass index parameters, including obesity, as well as parameters of triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose, did not differ between the groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed a direct relationship with PC HDL hypocholesterolemia (Exp B = 4.976; p < 0.001) and arterial hypertension (Exp B = 2.742; p = 0.027) and an inverse relationship — with hypercholesterolemia (Exp B = 0.204; p = 0.002). The chance of having PC was not associated with age, fasting plasma glucose ³ 7.0 mmol/L, obesity. Quality of life indicators were higher in group 1 than in group 2 on four SF-36 scales: bodily pain (68.1 ± 5.1 and 36.8 ± 2.0; p < 0.001), general health (51.1 ± 2.5 and 38.0 ± 1.7 points; p < 0.001), social functioning (74.7 ± 3.0 and 64.5 ± 2.2 points; p = 0.007), role emotional functioning (28.2 ± 5.2 and 12.5 ± 3.1 points; p = 0.007) and in the general domain “physical component of health” (40.2 ± 1.0 and 33.6 ± 0.8 points; p < 0.001). In group 1 with HDL hypocholesterolemia compared with its absence, the indicators of role emotional functioning (22.2 ± 5.1 and 51.9 ± 13.7 points; p = 0.020) were lower, with arterial hypertension compared with its absence — role physical functioning (5.0 ± 4.0 and 25.5 ± 7.5 points; p = 0.036) and role emotional functioning (16.0 ± 5.1 and 43.3 ± 8.8 points; p = 0.007) were lower.Conclusions. In patients with PC arterial hypertension was more common and the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were lower than in patients with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis. The chance of having PC is directly associated with HDL hypocholesterolemia, with arterial hypertension, inversely — with hypercholesterolemia, and is not associated with age, fasting plasma glucose ³ 7 mmol/L, or obesity. In patients with PC, quality of life indicators were higher on four SF-36 scales and on the general domain “physical component of health” than in the group with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis. In patients with PC metabolic factors significantly worsened self-assessment of quality of life in terms of role functioning; in patients with acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis there was no such association