A general formula of the effective potential in 5D SU(N) gauge theory on orbifold

We show a general formula of the one loop effective potential of the 5D SU(N) gauge theory compactified on an orbifold, $S^1/Z_2$. The formula shows the case when there are fundamental, (anti-)symmetric tensor and adjoint representational bulk fields. Our calculation method is also applicable when there are bulk fields belonging to higher dimensional representations. The supersymmetric version of the effective potential with Scherk-Schwarz breaking can be obtained straightforwardly. We also show some examples of effective potentials in SU(3), SU(5) and SU(6) models with various boundary conditions, which are reproduced by our general formula.Comment: 22 pages;minor corrections;references added;typos correcte

TeV-scale seesaw from a multi-Higgs model

We suggest new simple model of generating tiny neutrino masses through a TeV-scale seesaw mechanism without requiring tiny Yukawa couplings. This model is a simple extension of the standard model by introducing extra one Higgs singlet, and one Higgs doublet with a tiny vacuum expectation value. Experimental constraints, electroweak precision data and no large flavor changing neutral currents, are satisfied since the extra doublet only has a Yukawa interaction with lepton doublets and right-handed neutrinos, and their masses are heavy of order a TeV-scale. Since active light neutrinos are Majorana particles, this model predicts a neutrinoless double beta decay.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure

Grand Unification of Flavor Mixings

An origin of flavor mixings in quark and lepton sectors is still a mystery, and a structure of the flavor mixings in lepton sector seems completely different from that of quark sector. In this letter, we point out that the flavor mixing angles in quark and lepton sectors could be unified at a high energy scale, when neutrinos are degenerate. It means that a minimal flavor violation at a high energy scale can induce a rich variety of flavor mixings in quark and lepton sectors at a low energy scale through quantum corrections.Comment: 5 pages, 12 figures, references added, version to appear in EP

Charged Lepton Flavor Physics and Extra Dimensions

We estimate the charged lepton electric dipole moments and the branching ratios of radiative lepton flavor violating decays in the framework of the two Higgs doublet model with the inclusion two extra dimensions. Here, we consider that the new Higgs doublet is accessible to one of the extra dimensions with a Gaussian profile and the fermions are accessible to the other extra dimension with uniform zero mode profile. We observe that the numerical values of the physical quantities studied enhance with the additional effects due to the extra dimensions and they are sensitive to the new Higgs localization.Comment: 23 pages, 13 page

Why is TeV-scale a geometric mean of neutrino mass and GUT-scale?

Among three typical energy scales, a neutrino mass scale ($m_\nu\sim$ 0.1 eV), a GUT scale ($M_{GUT}\sim 10^{16}$ GeV), and a TeV-scale ($M_{NP}\sim 1$ TeV), there is a fascinating relation of $M_{NP}\simeq \sqrt{m_\nu\cdot M_{GUT}}$. The TeV-scale, $M_{NP}$, is a new physics scale beyond the standard model which is regarded as supersymmetry in this letter. We suggest a simple supersymmetric neutrinophilic Higgs doublet model, which realizes the above relation dynamically as well as the suitable $m_\nu$ through a tiny vacuum expectation value of neutrinophilic Higgs without additional scales other than $M_{NP}$ and $M_{GUT}$. A gauge coupling unification, which is an excellent feature in the supersymmetric standard model, is preserved automatically in this setup.Comment: 7 page

Spontaneous Violation of the CP Symmetry in the Higgs Sector of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Model

The spontaneous violation of the CP symmetry in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard Model (NMSSM) is investigated. It is found that the spontaneous violation of the CP symmetry can occur in the Higgs sector of the NMSSM for a wide region of the parameter space of the model, at the 1-loop level where the radiative corrections due to the top quark and scalar-top quark loops are found to generate the scalar-pseudoscalar mixings between the two Higgs doublets of the NMSSM. In our model, we assume that the masses of the left-handed and the right-handed scalar-top quarks are not degenerate. And we investigate our model anaytically: We derive analytical formulae of the 1-loop mass matrix for the neutral Higgs bosons. We calculate the upper bound on the lightest neutral Higgs boson mass under the assumption. It is found to be about 140 GeV for our choice of parameter values in the presence of the spontaneous violation of the CP symmetry in the NMSSM. Thus, the possibility of the spontaneous violation of the CP symmetry is not completely ruled out in the Higgs sector of the NMSSM if the masses of the left-handed and the right-handed scalar-top quarks are not degenerate. Further, the phenomenology of the $K$-${\bar K}$ mixing within the context of our model is studied. The lower bound on CP violating phase in the $K$-${\bar K}$ mixing is found to increase if either $\tan\beta$ decreases or $A_t$ increases.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev.

Prevalence and Mimics of Kleine-Levin Syndrome: A Survey in French-Speaking Switzerland.

Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, the diagnosis of which can be challenging. We aimed to estimate KLS prevalence in French-speaking Switzerland, and assess differences with mimicking conditions. In this cross-sectional study, KLS patients were identified through a population-based approach, including at our hospital and contacting all sleep-certified facilities and neurologists in French-speaking Switzerland. Furthermore, we identified patients referred to our center for suspected KLS that received other diagnoses. Relevant clinical data of these two groups was compared. We identified 7 patients with diagnosed KLS (6 since 2009), leading to a prevalence estimation of 3.19 per million (95% confidence interval: 1.55-6.59). Median age at diagnosis was 17 years (range: 12-19), 71.4% of them were men, and mean diagnosis delay after the first episode was 20.1 ± 10.9 months. We identified 9 mimic patients referred to our center; they differed from KLS patients by their higher age at disease onset (median: 15 [range: 12-16] vs. 19 [range: 16-64] years; p < 0.001), suspected KLS as referral reason (more frequent in mimics, p = 0.003), and the presence of precipitating factors (more frequent in KLS, p = 0.011). Among the mimic patients, 77% (versus 28% in KLS) had a psychiatric diagnosis. This study suggests a relatively higher KLS prevalence than previously reported. As compared to KLS, mimic patients have higher age at symptom onset, are more often initially referred for KLS suspicion, and have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders

Neutral Higgs sector of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with explicit CP violation

The neutral Higgs sector of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) with explicit CP violation is investigated at the 1-loop level, using the effective potential method; not only the loops involving the third generation of quarks and scalar quarks, but also the loops involving $W$ boson, charged Higgs boson, and chargino are taken into account. It is found that for some parameter values of the NMSSM the contributions from the $W$ boson, charged Higgs boson, and chargino loops may modify the masses of the neutral Higgs bosons and the mixings among them significantly, depending on the CP phase. In $e^+e^-$ collisions, the prospects for discovering neutral Higgs bosons are investigated within the context of the NMSSM with explicit CP violation when the dominant component of the lightest neutral Higgs boson is the Higgs singlet field of the NMSSM.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, 6 figure

Orbital trauma: from anatomy to imaging patterns: A pictorial review

Objective: In assessing the patients with orbital trauma, a basic knowledge of anatomy of this region is necessary to determine the gravity and the extent of traumatic injury. Since the development of high resolution CT, significant progress has been made for the evaluation of orbital trauma, adding more sensitivity to the plain x-ray method. Other imaging methods that can be useful is ultrasonography and MRI. The objective of this article is to review the orbital anatomy correlated with the common CT imaging patterns, and to establish the modality of choice in assessing orbital trauma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 297 patients with facial trauma who were submitted to spiral CT scanning. The CT images were interpreted using the following protocols: axial, multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), 3D images and association of axial/MPR/3D images. We evaluated the anatomical sites of lesions, dividing them according to the orbital walls: lateral; medial; superior (roof) and inferior (anterior, medial). Results: In our study 35% of patients who suffered facial trauma had ocular or orbital injuries. Most frequent site of orbital fractures was the medial wall. Association of axial/MPR images interpretation increase the sensitivity of CT diagnosis compared with only axial protocol. Conclusions: Facial traumatized patients with clinical suspicion of orbital injuries are usually first evaluated with spiral CT, the best protocol is to obtain thin-section (1-3 mm) axial CT scans and then performing multiplanar reformation (specially coronal reformation is very useful). Knowledge of diverse imaging patterns of potential injuries is essential to make a fast and accurate diagnosis of post-traumatic orbital injury

Charged Higgs boson in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with explicit CP violation

The phenomenology of the explicit CP violation in the Higgs sector of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) is investigated, with emphasis on the charged Higgs boson. The radiative corrections due to both quarks and scalar-quarks of the third generation are taken into account, and the negative result of the search for the Higgs bosons at CERN LEP2, with the discovery limit of 0.1 pb, is imposed as a constraint. It is found that there are parameter regions of the NMSSM where the lightest neutral Higgs boson may even be massless, without being detected at LEP2. This implies that the LEP2 data do not contradict the existence of a massless neutral Higgs boson in the NMSSM. For the charged Higgs boson, the radiative corrections to its mass may be negative in some parameter regions of the NMSSM. The phenomenological lower bound on the radiatively corrected mass of the charged Higgs boson is increased as the CP violation becomes maximal, i.e., as the CP violating phase becomes $\pi/2$. At the maximal CP violation, its lower bound is about 110 GeV for 5 $\leqslant \tan \beta \leqslant$ 40. The vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the neutral Higgs singlet is shown to be no smaller than 16 GeV for any parameter values of the NMSSM with explicit CP violation. This value of the lower limit is found to increase up to about 45 GeV as the ratio ($\tan \beta$) of the VEVs of the two Higgs doublets decreases to smaller values ($\sim$ 2). The discovery limit of the Higgs boson search at LEP2 is found to cover about a half of the kinematically allowed part of the whole parameter space of the NMSSM, and the portion is roughly stable against the CP violating phase.Comment: Latex, 24 pages, 6 figure