Reliable and Automatic Recognition of Leaf Disease Detection using Optimal Monarch Ant Lion Recurrent Learning

Around 7.5 billion people worldwide depend on agriculture production for their livelihood, making it an essential component in keeping life alive on the planet. Negative impacts are being caused on the agroecosystem due to the rapid increase in the use of chemicals to combat plant diseases. These chemicals include fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides. Both the quantity and quality of the output are impacted when there is a high-scale prevalence of diseases in crops. Plant diseases provide a significant obstacle for the agricultural industry, which has a negative impact on the growth of plants and the output of crops. The problem of early detection and diagnosis of diseases can be solved for the benefit of the farming community by employing a method that is both quick and reliable regularly. This article proposes a model for the detection and diagnosis of leaf infection called the Automatic Optimal Monarch AntLion Recurrent Learning (MALRL) model, which attains a greater authenticity. The design of a hybrid version of the Monarch Butter Fly optimization algorithm and the AntLion Optimization Algorithm is incorporated into the MALRL technique that has been proposed. In the leaf image, it is used to determine acceptable aspects of impacted regions. After that, the optimal characteristics are used to aid the Long Short Term Neural Network (LSTM) classifier to speed up the process of lung disease categorization. The experiment's findings are analyzed and compared to those of ANN, CNN, and DNN. The proposed method was successful in achieving a high level of accuracy when detecting leaf disease for images of healthy leaves in comparison to other conventional methods

Performance evaluation of a common effluent treatment plant for tannery industries

Tannery is one of the oldest industries in the world and is one of the fastest developing industries in India. It is one of the problematic industries in India which generate high quantum of wastewater with high TDS and toxicity due to chromium. Hence, discharge of tannery effluent is a very serious issue. Many conventional treatment processes has been carried out in these industry before the discharge of effluent. One of the most common treatment process applied is biological treatment process by activated sludge process and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. Due to the high cost of installation for this treatment process, in many of the small scale tannery industries in India, the wastewater treatment is carried out in common effluent treatment plant (CETP). In the present study the performance of CETP for tannery effluent in terms of Biological oxygen demand (BOD),  Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), and by water tracer studies using Rhodamine. ETP showed a removal efficiency of BOD-66%, COD- 21%, TSS-21% and TDS-5%. The study revealed that ETP has to be redesigned based on the characteristics of influent wastewater in order to meet the Pollution Control Board prescribed standard limits for ETP.  &nbsp

Integrative determination of the atomic structure of mutant huntingtin exon 1 fibrils from Huntington's disease

Neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) is accompanied by the aggregation of fragments of the mutant huntingtin protein, a biomarker of disease progression. A particular pathogenic role has been attributed to the aggregation-prone huntingtin exon 1 (HttEx1) fragment, whose polyglutamine (polyQ) segment is expanded. Unlike amyloid fibrils from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, the atomic-level structure of HttEx1 fibrils has remained unknown, limiting diagnostic and treatment efforts. We present and analyze the structure of fibrils formed by polyQ peptides and polyQ-expanded HttEx1. Atomic-resolution perspectives are enabled by an integrative analysis and unrestrained all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations incorporating experimental data from electron microscopy (EM), solid-state NMR, and other techniques. Visualizing the HttEx1 subdomains in atomic detail helps explaining the biological properties of these protein aggregates, as well as paves the way for targeting them for detection and degradation.</p

Integrative determination of atomic structure of mutant huntingtin exon 1 fibrils implicated in Huntington disease

Neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease (HD) is accompanied by the aggregation of fragments of the mutant huntingtin protein, a biomarker of disease progression. A particular pathogenic role has been attributed to the aggregation-prone huntingtin exon 1 (HTTex1), generated by aberrant splicing or proteolysis, and containing the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) segment. Unlike amyloid fibrils from Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, the atomic-level structure of HTTex1 fibrils has remained unknown, limiting diagnostic and treatment efforts. We present and analyze the structure of fibrils formed by polyQ peptides and polyQ-expanded HTTex1 in vitro. Atomic-resolution perspectives are enabled by an integrative analysis and unrestrained all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations incorporating experimental data from electron microscopy (EM), solid-state NMR, and other techniques. Alongside the use of prior data, we report magic angle spinning NMR studies of glutamine residues of the polyQ fibril core and surface, distinguished via hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX). Our study provides a molecular understanding of the structure of the core as well as surface of aggregated HTTex1, including the fuzzy coat and polyQ–water interface. The obtained data are discussed in context of their implications for understanding the detection of such aggregates (diagnostics) as well as known biological properties of the fibrils

Integrative determination of atomic structure of mutant huntingtin exon 1 fibrils implicated in Huntington disease

Neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease (HD) is accompanied by the aggregation of fragments of the mutant huntingtin protein, a biomarker of disease progression. A particular pathogenic role has been attributed to the aggregation-prone huntingtin exon 1 (HTTex1), generated by aberrant splicing or proteolysis, and containing the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) segment. Unlike amyloid fibrils from Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, the atomic-level structure of HTTex1 fibrils has remained unknown, limiting diagnostic and treatment efforts. We present and analyze the structure of fibrils formed by polyQ peptides and polyQ-expanded HTTex1 in vitro. Atomic-resolution perspectives are enabled by an integrative analysis and unrestrained all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations incorporating experimental data from electron microscopy (EM), solid-state NMR, and other techniques. Alongside the use of prior data, we report magic angle spinning NMR studies of glutamine residues of the polyQ fibril core and surface, distinguished via hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX). Our study provides a molecular understanding of the structure of the core as well as surface of aggregated HTTex1, including the fuzzy coat and polyQ–water interface. The obtained data are discussed in context of their implications for understanding the detection of such aggregates (diagnostics) as well as known biological properties of the fibrils.publishedVersio

Polymicrobial pericarditis caused by bacterial and fungal translocation from an oesophageal ulcer

This case report discusses a rare instance of polymicrobial pericarditis in a man in his early 60s with a history of substance abuse. The patient presented with chest pain and shortness of breath, later diagnosed as pericarditis caused by Streptococcus anginosus, S. intermedius and Candida glabrata, likely originating from a large adjacent oesophageal ulcer. The condition led to critical illness, requiring pericardiocentesis, antibiotic and antifungal therapy. Despite initial improvement, the patient experienced recurrence and ultimately underwent pericardectomy. The article emphasises the rarity and severity of polymicrobial pericarditis, often associated with high mortality. It underscores the importance of prompt recognition, broad-spectrum antibiotics and source control, particularly when the gastrointestinal tract is implicated. The case highlights the challenges in managing such cases and the potential need for surgical intervention for optimal outcomes

Integrative determination of atomic structure of mutant huntingtin exon 1 fibrils implicated in Huntington disease — data files

This zenodo entry contains MD and solid-state NMR data files for the paper: Mahdi Bagherpoor Helabad et al. (2024) Integrative determination of atomic structure of mutant huntingtin exon 1 fibrils implicated in Huntington disease MD datasets and code We provide here (in MD_simulations_data_codes.zip) the MD simulations files for the MD runs and also data, and their respective codes, shown in the figures of the above papers. Data file structure: MD_data The MD simulation run files for three fully periodic systems—PolyQ15 and HTTex1—include the following: .gro files for both minimization and final structures, production .tpr files, force field parameters, GROMACS .mdp files, and position and dihedral restraint files. fully_periodic_systems polyQ15 HTTex1 Figs_Data_Codes The data and in-house Python scripts associated with creating the figures: Fig2B_S4 for Figure 2B and Supplementary Figure 4 Fig2D_S5 for Figure 2D and Supplementary Figure 5 Fig3C_S10 for Figure 3C and Supplementary Figure 10 Fig4_S12_S13_S14 for Figure 4C and Supplementary Figures 12–14 Fig6C for Figure 6C FigS3B_S6 for Supplementary Figures 3B and 6 FigS8 for Supplementary Figure 8 FigS9_S11 for Supplementary Figures 9–11 FigS16_to_S21 for Supplementary Figures 16–21 FigS22 for Supplementary Figure 22 readMe.txt Fig6_c_barplot_data.xlsx Excel file with data plotted in Figure 6C. N17_SecStr_convergence.xlsx Excel file with convergence data for N17 domain. Solid-state NMR data We provide here the solid-state NMR spectrum files for the data shown in figures of the above paper. Data file structure: SSNMR_data_listing_20241011a.txt text file describing the ssNMR data files SSNMR_data.zip Figure_1 - data for Figure 1F Figure_5 - data for Figure 5 Figure_6 - data for Figure 6 Figure_S7 - data for Figure 2G and Supplementary Figure 7 Figure_S15 - NMR data for HDX ssNMR of fibrils – Supplementary Figure 15 Fig6_b_barplot_data.xlsx Excel file with data plotted in Figure 6B, based on previously reported results (DOI 10.1038/ncomms15462) Data are provided in either Bruker Topspin format, or in NMRPIPE format (ft2 extension). Experimental parameters are described in the published paper and its Supplementary Information files. In general, these are all data from magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR studies of intact amyloid fibrils made with isotope labeled HTTex1 fibrils. Experimental types include 2D CP-DARR, 2D TOBSY, 2D HETCOR spectra as well as relaxation measurements. Aside from NMR datafiles, also documents with interpreted and integrated data are included, used to make data curves in the figure (e.g. for Prism software)