2000 Ohio-Grape Wine Short Course

Air, water, sun, and fire--the cooper's footprint on the barrel / Henry Work -- Keeping the bugs unhappy; successful barrel sanitation and maintenance / Henry Work -- Recommended methods for cleaning and maintaining oak cooperage / Phil Burton and Henry Work, with Jim Yerkes -- Chip me, stave me, oak me! The romance, dollars and sense of barrel alternatives / Tim DiPlacido -- Oak experiments / Roland Riesen -- Barrel experiment / Nick Ferrante -- Exploring the versatility and potential of vidal / Roland Riesen -- Ferrante: 1999 vineyard planting / Nick Ferrante -- Breeding rootstocks for current and impending viticultural problems / Andrew Walker -- Grape expectations looking toward traditional and non-traditional sponsors to enhance your event / Doniella Winchell -- Assessing grape maturity by taste and by numbers / Thomas Henick-Kling -- Influence of fruit condition on wine quality / James F. Gallander -- Influence of post bottling storage temperature and SO2 on wine quality / T. E. Steiner -- What we do at harvest to help wine quality / Tony Debevc -- Delivering wine quality / Nick Ferrante -- Criteria for selecting rootstocks / Andrew Walker -- A comparison of Pinot noir production in New York and Burgundy / Pascal Durand and Leslie Weston -- A unique approach to harvest labor / Fran Massaro -- New fungicide registrations for grapes in the year 2000 / Michael Ellis -- Studies to determine time of susceptibility of grape berry and rachis tissues to infection by Phomopsis viticola / O. Erincik, L. V. Madden, D. C. Ferree and M. A. Ellis -- Rootstock performance in Ohio / Arnie Esterer -- Growing your own: vinifera grafting experiments (1999) / Ron Barrett -- Developing an effective fungicide spray program for wine grapes in Ohio / Michael Ellis -- Light and fruit set / David C. Ferree, David M. Scurlock and John C. Schmid -- Soil amendments and mulches in tree health management / Harry Hoitink, Matthew Krause and Randy Zondag -- Report of 5th International Symposium on Cool Climate Viticulture and Enology / Roland Riesen -- Control strategies for soil insects in the vineyard / Roger Williams and Dan Fickl

Distinctive expansion of gene families associated with plant cell wall degradation, secondary metabolism, and nutrient uptake in the genomes of grapevine trunk pathogens

BackgroundTrunk diseases threaten the longevity and productivity of grapevines in all viticulture production systems. They are caused by distantly-related fungi that form chronic wood infections. Variation in wood-decay abilities and production of phytotoxic compounds are thought to contribute to their unique disease symptoms. We recently released the draft sequences of Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum parvum and Togninia minima, causal agents of Eutypa dieback, Botryosphaeria dieback and Esca, respectively. In this work, we first expanded genomic resources to three important trunk pathogens, Diaporthe ampelina, Diplodia seriata, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, causal agents of Phomopsis dieback, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Esca, respectively. Then we integrated all currently-available information into a genome-wide comparative study to identify gene families potentially associated with host colonization and disease development.ResultsThe integration of RNA-seq, comparative and ab initio approaches improved the protein-coding gene prediction in T. minima, whereas shotgun sequencing yielded nearly complete genome drafts of Dia. ampelina, Dip. seriata, and P. chlamydospora. The predicted proteomes of all sequenced trunk pathogens were annotated with a focus on functions likely associated with pathogenesis and virulence, namely (i) wood degradation, (ii) nutrient uptake, and (iii) toxin production. Specific patterns of gene family expansion were described using Computational Analysis of gene Family Evolution, which revealed lineage-specific evolution of distinct mechanisms of virulence, such as specific cell wall oxidative functions and secondary metabolic pathways in N. parvum, Dia. ampelina, and E. lata. Phylogenetically-informed principal component analysis revealed more similar repertoires of expanded functions among species that cause similar symptoms, which in some cases did not reflect phylogenetic relationships, thereby suggesting patterns of convergent evolution.ConclusionsThis study describes the repertoires of putative virulence functions in the genomes of ubiquitous grapevine trunk pathogens. Gene families with significantly faster rates of gene gain can now provide a basis for further studies of in planta gene expression, diversity by genome re-sequencing, and targeted reverse genetic approaches. The functional validation of potential virulence factors will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis and virulence, which ultimately will enable the development of accurate diagnostic tools and effective disease management

Epidemic models for plants infection under mixed effects of temperature and wetness

peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, student, popularization, otherThis paper deals with modeling and fitting for epidemic models and their applications to the field of plants disease. For this purpose, two models are proposed that are expressed as a blend of two functions which reflect the effect of the temperature and the wetness. In addition, we provide an original method to _t the proposed models by employing simple techniques that can constitute an easy-to-use tool for simulation, prediction and/or control. Moreover, the method accuracy and efficiency are evaluated for some reported works in the literature. Computational results are provided to show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed epidemic models for some plant infections