413,055 research outputs found
Seeing bulk topological properties of band insulators in small photonic lattices
We present a general scheme for measuring the bulk properties of
non-interacting tight-binding models realized in arrays of coupled photonic
cavities. Specifically, we propose to implement a single unit cell of the
targeted model with tunable twisted boundary conditions in order to simulate
large systems and, most importantly, to access bulk topological properties
experimentally. We illustrate our method by demonstrating how to measure
topological invariants in a two-dimensional quantum Hall-like model.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures; with Supplemental Material (2 pages
Magnetic fields in ring galaxies
Many galaxies contain magnetic fields supported by galactic dynamo action.
However, nothing definitive is known about magnetic fields in ring galaxies.
Here we investigate large-scale magnetic fields in a previously unexplored
context, namely ring galaxies, and concentrate our efforts on the structures
that appear most promising for galactic dynamo action, i.e. outer star-forming
rings in visually unbarred galaxies. We use tested methods for modelling
galactic dynamos, taking into account the available
observational information concerning ionized interstellar matter in ring
galaxies. Our main result is that dynamo drivers in ring galaxies are strong
enough to excite large-scale magnetic fields in the ring galaxies studied. The
variety of dynamo driven magnetic configurations in ring galaxies obtained in
our modelling is much richer than that found in classical spiral galaxies. In
particular, various long-lived transients are possible. An especially
interesting case is that of NGC 4513 where the ring counter-rotates with
respect to the disc. Strong shear in the region between the disc and the ring
is associated with unusually strong dynamo drivers for the counter-rotators.
The effect of the strong drivers is found to be unexpectedly moderate. With
counter-rotation in the disc, a generic model shows that a steady mixed parity
magnetic configuration, unknown for classical spiral galaxies, may be excited,
although we do not specifically model NGC 4513. We deduce that ring galaxies
constitute a morphological class of galaxies in which identification of
large-scale magnetic fields from observations of polarized radio emission, as
well as dynamo modelling, may be possible. Such studies have the potential to
throw additional light on the physical nature of rings, their lifetimes and
evolution.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
Studies of finite element analysis of composite material structures
Research in the area of finite element analysis is summarized. Topics discussed include finite element analysis of a picture frame shear test, BANSAP (a bandwidth reduction program for SAP IV), FEMESH (a finite element mesh generation program based on isoparametric zones), and finite element analysis of a composite bolted joint specimens
Electrical manipulation of an electronic two-state system in Ge/Si quantum dots
We calculate that the electron states of strained self-assembled Ge/Si
quantum dots provide a convenient two-state system for electrical control. An
electronic state localized at the apex of the quantum dot is nearly degenerate
with a state localized at the base of the quantum dot. Small electric fields
shift the electronic ground state from apex-localized to base-localized, which
permits sensitive tuning of the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of
the dot. As one example, we describe how spin-spin coupling between two Ge/Si
dots can be controlled very sensitively by shifting the individual dot's
electronic ground state between apex and base
X-ray Studies of Two Neutron Stars in 47 Tucanae: Toward Constraints on the Equation of State
We report spectral and variability analysis of two quiescent low mass X-ray
binaries (X5 and X7, previously detected with the ROSAT HRI) in a Chandra
ACIS-I observation of the globular cluster 47 Tuc. X5 demonstrates sharp
eclipses with an 8.666+-0.01 hr period, as well as dips showing an increased
N_H column. The thermal spectra of X5 and X7 are well-modeled by unmagnetized
hydrogen atmospheres of hot neutron stars. No hard power law component is
required. A possible edge or absorption feature is identified near 0.64 keV,
perhaps an OV edge from a hot wind. Spectral fits imply that X7 is
significantly more massive than the canonical 1.4 \Msun neutron star mass, with
M>1.8 \Msun for a radius range of 9-14 km, while X5's spectrum is consistent
with a neutron star of mass 1.4 \Msun for the same radius range. Alternatively,
if much of the X-ray luminosity is due to continuing accretion onto the neutron
star surface, the feature may be the 0.87 keV rest-frame absorption complex (O
VIII & other metal lines) intrinsic to the neutron star atmosphere, and a mass
of 1.4 \Msun for X7 may be allowed.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Ap
Observation of St\"{u}ckelberg oscillations in accelerated optical lattices
We report the experimental observation of St\"{u}ckelberg oscillations of
matter waves in optical lattices. Extending previous work on Landau-Zener
tunneling of Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices, we study the
effects of the accumulated phase between two successive crossings of the
Brillouin zone edge. Our results agree well with a simple model for multiple
Landau-Zener tunneling events taking into account the band structure of the
optical lattice.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Manipulation of ultracold atomic mixtures using microwave techniques
We used microwave radiation to evaporatively cool a mixture of of 133Cs and
87Rb atoms in a magnetic trap. A mixture composed of an equal number (around
10^4) of Rb and Cs atoms in their doubly polarized states at ultracold
temperatures was prepared. We also used microwaves to selectively evaporate
atoms in different Zeeman states.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Dynamics of Entanglement Transfer Through Multipartite Dissipative Systems
We study the dynamics of entanglement transfer in a system composed of two
initially correlated three-level atoms, each located in a cavity interacting
with its own reservoir. Instead of tracing out reservoir modes to describe the
dynamics using the master equation approach, we consider explicitly the
dynamics of the reservoirs. In this situation, we show that the entanglement is
completely transferred from atoms to reservoirs. Although the cavities mediate
this entanglement transfer, we show that under certain conditions, no
entanglement is found in cavities throughout the dynamics. Considering the
entanglement dynamics of interacting and non-interacting bipartite subsystems,
we found time windows where the entanglement can only flow through interacting
subsystems, depending on the system parameters.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figures, publishe in Physical Review
Probability distributions of the work in the 2D-Ising model
Probability distributions of the magnetic work are computed for the 2D Ising
model by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The system is first prepared at
equilibrium for three temperatures below, at and above the critical point. A
magnetic field is then applied and grown linearly at different rates.
Probability distributions of the work are stored and free energy differences
computed using the Jarzynski equality. Consistency is checked and the dynamics
of the system is analyzed. Free energies and dissipated works are reproduced
with simple models. The critical exponent is estimated in an usual
manner.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Comments are welcom
Transportation noise pollution - Control and abatement
Control and abatement of transportation noise pollutio
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