The Experimental Building of a Wooden Watchtower in the Carolingian Southern Frontier

During fifteen days of June 2015, the team of l’Esquerda worked in a research project to build a Carolingian wooden watchtower on the River Ter, in Roda de Ter, Catalonia, Spain (This Research Project was approved and granted by the Spanish Ministry of Culture (DGICYT, HAR2012-36497) for three years 2013-2015.). The idea was to test our hypotheses experimentally, (a) if the wooden watchtower could be built without any metal nail, (b) how it worked, and (c) its resilience

Estudio del progreso de la competencia comunicativa de los alumnos en inglés mediante un desarrollo curricular altamente estructurado y cerrado frente a un desarrollo curricular más abierto y flexible

Evaluar la diferencia, aumento o no aumento de la competencia comunicativa, que se produce en dos grupos distintos de alumnos sometidos a la variable: el tipo de programación o syllabus. Comparar los resultados de un tipo de syllabus cerrado con los resultados de un syllabus abierto. Analizar la validez de algunos modelos gramaticales. Plantean diversas hipótesis. 160 alumnos de 13 y 14 años de séptimo y octavo de EGB del Instituto Veritas y del Colegio Montserrat de Madrid. Esta investigación consta fundamentalmente de dos partes. En la primera se exponen los supuestos teóricos de la misma y en la segunda se diseña la parte empírica del trabajo, que se lleva a cabo a través de un estudio longitudinal y seccional. Se combinan una serie de métodos cuantitativos que permiten una obtención de datos redundantes con una observación directa de las clases. Asimismo, se emplean métodos de triangulación para ciertas pruebas. La descripción de la situación inicial se realizó a través de una serie de tests tanto de aptitudes intelectuales como de nivel de inglés. Posteriormente, se pasó otra batería de pruebas de Inglés y una serie de pruebas finales. Las variables utilizadas son: 1. Variables dependientes (comprensión lectora, nivel gramatical, vocabulario y nivel de lengua oral en inglés, total test inicial, atención, inteligencia, fluidez verbal en castellano, IHE ambiente, IHE planificación, IHE uso de materiales, IHE asimilación, IHE capacidad de síntesis); 2. Variables independientes, los distintos tipos de instrucción en relación con los distintos modelos gramaticales; 3. Variables moderadoras: mayor capacidad verbal general inicial y el mayor IQ inicial; 4. Variable de control: programacion abierta y programación cerrada. Test inicial, tests psicológicos, pruebas de Inglés, test de habilidades orales, grabaciones de clases. Análisis comparativo, correlaciones, análisis de la diferencia de medias, preguntas de elección múltiple, hoja de cálculo Lotus, porcentajes, listado de datos, índices, valor comparable, parámetros. El aumento de competencia comunicativa se ha mostrado mayoritariamente favorable en la programación abierta. El progreso, en lo que se refiere a lectura y escritura, coherencia lingüística, vocabulario, uso de materiales de refencia, capacidad para sobreponerse a una dificultad de comunicación, es mayor en la programación abierta que en la cerrada. Algunas destrezas metacognitivas son favorecidas por la programación cerrada. Los alumnos de esta programación muestran una mayor independencia de criterio, son reflexivos, dependientes unos de otros, partidarios de estrategias metalingüísticas y emplean la memoria y la deducción. A las estrategias receptivas ambas programaciones recurren por igual. (Consultar las conclusiones de la parte teórica y de la descripción de la situación inicial en la propia investigación y las tablas de los anexos).Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; Fax +34917748026; [email protected]

Behind the steps of ancient sheep mobility in Iberia: new insights from a geometric morphometric approach

International audienceIn Western Europe, the transition from the middle Iron Age to theearly Roman period implied changesin livestock practices, withthe emergence of a specialized and selective animal husbandry. These changes have been related in Italy and south of France withchanges in livestock management involving their mobility between ecologically complementary areas. The study of this question inthe Iberian Peninsula has only been partiallyinvestigated through palaeoenvironmental analyses, and the information about theorigin and significance of this phenomenon is very scarce. To shed new light on this topic we used an archaeozoological approach,with the application of geometric morphometrics. They were used to study size and shape variability in sheep astragali from 9 sitesdating from the middle Iron Age to the early Roman period (5th c. BC–3rd c. AD) and located on the Pyrenees and on the north-eastern Iberian coast as a case study. The results we obtained, combined with Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) and kill-offpatterns, showed local specificities in terms of breeding methodsand sheep morphologies between the two areas during the middleIron Age. On the contrary, sheep with similar size and the implementation and development of similar sheep husbandry practices inthe Pyrenees and the north-eastern Iberian coast were documented during the early Roman period. These results suggest theexistence of livestock links between these two areas during the Roman period, that could be involved a possible movement ofsheep between the lowlands and the Pyrenees for the first tim

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

Ancient DNA studies have begun to help us understand the genetic history and movements of people across the globe. Focusing on the Iberian Peninsula, Olalde et al. report genome-wide data from 271 ancient individuals from Iberia (see the Perspective by Vander Linden). The findings provide a comprehensive genetic time transect of the region. Linguistics analysis and genetic analysis of archaeological human remains dating from about 7000 years ago to the present elucidate the genetic impact of prehistoric and historic migrations from Europe and North Africa.Science, this issue p. 1230; see also p. 1153We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia’}s ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European{–}speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European{–speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean