Aquatic Nitrate Retention at River Network Scales Across Flow Conditions Determined Using Nested In Situ Sensors

Nonpoint pollution sources are strongly influenced by hydrology and are therefore sensitive to climate variability. Some pollutants entering aquatic ecosystems, e.g., nitrate, can be mitigated by in‐stream processes during transport through river networks. Whole river network nitrate retention is difficult to quantify with observations. High frequency, in situ nitrate sensors, deployed in nested locations within a single watershed, can improve estimates of both nonpoint inputs and aquatic retention at river network scales. We deployed a nested sensor network and associated sampling in the urbanizing Oyster River watershed in coastal New Hampshire, USA, to quantify storm event‐scale loading and retention at network scales. An end member analysis used the relative behavior of reactive nitrate and conservative chloride to infer river network fate of nitrate. In the headwater catchments, nitrate and chloride concentrations are both increasingly diluted with increasing storm size. At the mouth of the watershed, chloride is also diluted, but nitrate tended to increase. The end member analysis suggests that this pattern is the result of high retention during small storms (51–78%) that declines to zero during large storms. Although high frequency nitrate sensors did not alter estimates of fluxes over seasonal time periods compared to less frequent grab sampling, they provide the ability to estimate nitrate flux versus storm size at event scales that is critical for such analyses. Nested sensor networks can improve understanding of the controls of both loading and network scale retention, and therefore also improve management of nonpoint source pollution

Research and testing of working fluids suitable for an absorption heat pump to heat buildings

Having outlined the requirements of the heat pump, water and sodium hydroxide are selected as a suitable working fluid and absorbent. The advantages and disadvantages of this particular combination are outlined before dealing with the experimental work. The various components in the system are then discussed with particular attention to the absorber. From the results, suitable improvements to the design are suggested before describing possible alternative absorption systems. The technical details are all presented separately from the main text, in the Appendices

VA Accountability Act of 2015 (H.R. 1994), as Reported to the House

[Excerpt] This report describes the VA Accountability Act of 2015 (H.R. 1994) as reported to the House by the Committee on Veterans Affairs on July 23 2015 and compares it to current law where appropriate. A press account has reported that Chairman Jeff Miller may meet with all committee members to seek views of the minority before floor action. As a result of this meeting, it is possible that the final bill that will go to the House floor may have some provisions that differ from those that the Committee reported. This report provides a section-by-section description of the act

Pitfalls associated with the use of molecular diagnostic panels in the diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis

Abstract We report the case of a kidney transplantation patient on chronic immunosuppressive therapy presenting with subacute meningitis. The final diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis was delayed due to 2 false-negative cryptococcal results on a molecular diagnostic panel. Caution with such platforms in suspected cryptococcal meningitis is needed.</jats:p

The spectral shift function and spectral flow

This paper extends Krein's spectral shift function theory to the setting of semifinite spectral triples. We define the spectral shift function under these hypotheses via Birman-Solomyak spectral averaging formula and show that it computes spectral flow.Comment: 47 page

Distribution of 5-HT1F Receptors in Monkey Vestibular and Trigeminal Ganglion Cells

Background: Evidence of serotonergic involvement in vestibular pathway contributions to migraine and balance disorders is compelling. Serotonergic 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors are expressed extensively in inner ear ganglia of monkeys and rats. The serotonergic 5-HT1F receptor is also a target of triptans. This study describes its distribution in vestibular and trigeminal ganglia of monkeys. Methods: Using primary polyclonal antibodies raised against oligopeptides specific for the human 5-HT1F receptor, neuronal somatic area and intensity of immunoreactive vestibular and trigeminal ganglia were quantified. Results and Discussion: Virtually all vestibular and considerable trigeminal ganglia showed positive 5-HT1F receptor immunoreactivity. Inferior and superior vestibular ganglia staining appeared confined to distinct cell regions, varying considerably among cells of different sizes: more intense in small, punctate in some medium and regionally polarized in some large cells. Analyses of average somatic vestibular neuronal immunoreactive intensity identified mainly medium sized cells with high standard deviation of intensity corresponding to punctately-stained cells. Less variability occurred in somatic intensity staining and cellular distribution among 5-HT1F receptor immunopositive trigeminal ganglia. Most exhibited similar punctate staining patterns, higher mean somatic immunoreactive intensity and larger neuronal somatic size proportions per size distribution subpopulation compared to vestibular ganglia size distribution populations. Centrally directed vestibular ganglion neuronal processes, cochlear inner hair cells, vestibular hair cells and blood vessels in vestibular maculae and cristae were immunoreactive. The 5-HT1F receptor expression in vestibular ganglia shows complex variable staining intensity patterns associated with cell size of immunopositive neurons, not seen in immunopositive trigeminal ganglia and not previously evident with 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor subtype immunoreactivity in vestibular ganglia. These data motivate exploration of 5-HT1 receptor oligomerization and ligand functional selectivity in differential serotonergic involvement in co-morbidity of migraine and balance disorders. Similar findings in cochlear inner hair cell afferents are applicable to migraine related tinnitus or hypercusis (phonophobia)

Ethical standards of the accounting profession

To call this book a revision of John L. Carey\u27s Professional Ethics of Certified Public Accountants, published in 1956, is an understatement requiring some explanation. It is true that the current version, like its predecessor, has three main parts and eleven chapters. A glance at the table of contents will reveal that many of the same subjects are again being dealt with, and in substantially the same order. In short, the plan of the older book has been retaineda plan which emphasizes general ethical principles as guides to practitioners in determining the proper course to follow in specific circumstances. But the details of the earlier book have been altered drastically. This has been necessitated in part by the many changes that have been effected in the profession\u27s rules in the past decade. The Institute\u27s Code now has twenty-one rules compared to the sixteen it had in 1956. In addition, many of the older rules have been revised to meet the changing conditions of professional practice. In general, the state CPA societies and the state boards of accountancy have made corresponding changes in their codes, with the result that the various ethical rules under which CPAs practice are more nearly uniform now than ever before.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_prof/1356/thumbnail.jp

Cirrus Color Variations Due to Enhanced Radiation Fields

We have investigated the variations in 12/100, 25/100, 60/100, and 12/25 μm colors for seven main-sequence B stars and three F and G supergiants associated with infrared cirrus. All sources displayed an increase in 60/100 color above the background cirrus color. In two of the sources, Apodis and HR 890, the 12/100 and 25/100 colors decline toward the embedded star in a similar fashion to the IR colors of S264 and the Rosette Nebula. Current grain models composed of equilibrium-heated submicron grains, transiently heated small grains, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cannot account for the color variations observed around Aps and HR 890. The supergiants exhibited 12/100 and 25/100 increases, suggesting that the color deficits observed for the B stars are due to an enhancement in the soft UV component of the radiation field only. A candidate explanation for the color variations is a conglomerate small grain component, composed of very small grains and/or large molecules, that is fragmented in the enhanced radiation field around Aps and HR 890

Effects of rf Current on Spin Transfer Torque Induced Dynamics

The impact of radiofrequency (rf) currents on the direct current (dc) driven switching dynamics in current-perpendicular-to-plane nanoscale spin valves is demonstrated. The rf currents dramatically alter the dc driven free layer magnetization reversal dynamics as well as the dc switching level. This occurs when the frequency of the rf current is tuned to a frequency range around the dc driven magnetization precession frequencies. For these frequencies, interactions between the dc driven precession and the injected rf induce frequency locking and frequency pulling effects that lead to a measurable dependence of the critical switching current on the frequency of the injected rf. Based on macrospin simulations, including dc as well as rf spin torque currents, we explain the origin of the observed effects.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Do dietary choices alone alter the risk of developing metabolic syndrome?

In studies of patient populations controlled for differences in dietary content alone, independent of weight loss or exercise changes, diets with high glycemic index foods, low whole grain and fiber content, and low fruit and vegetable content are associated with an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, multiple large cohort studies). In the short term, however, switching patients at high risk for metabolic syndrome from a high- to low-glycemic index diet doesn't improve serum markers of metabolic syndrome (SOR: C, a small randomized controlled trial)