Energy-efficient control of pump units based on neural-network parameter observer

An observer based on an artificial neural network was designed. The observer determines the pumping unit performance depending on the operating point. Determination is based on the measured technological coordinates of the system and the pressure of the turbomechanism. Three neural networks were designed for three types of the productivity observer. The developed observer was investigated by the simulation method within different variations of disturbing actions, such as hydraulic resistance of the hydraulic system and geodetic pressure. A comparative analysis of three types of the productivity observer, built with using the pressure and different signals of the system with arbitrary change of hydraulic resistance was given. By the use of the pump unit efficiency observer, in addition to the results presented earlier, the efficiency of the productivity observer, which built with using different sensors, in water supply systems with two series-connected pump units, operating for filling the large tank, is researched. In the water supply system one pump speed is regulated, the other is unregulated. References 14, figures 5

Application of third generation synchrotron source to studies of noncrystalline materials : In-Se amorphous films

The local structure of vacuum evaporated In-Se amorphous films, containing 50, 60, and 66 at .% Se, was studied using differential anomalous X -ray scattering and extended X -ray absorption fine structure. Both intensity and absorption spectra were measured in the vicinity of the absorption K -edge of Se. The differential anomalous X -ray scattering data were converted to real space by the inverse Fourier transform yielding the differential radial distribution functions. The obtained results provide evidence for the presence of Se-In spatial correlations for In5 0 Se50 and Se-In and Se-Se correlations for In40 Se60 and In34 Se66 within the first coordination sphere

Evolutionary analyses of non-genealogical bonds produced by introgressive descent

All evolutionary biologists are familiar with evolutionary units that evolve by vertical descent in a tree-like fashion in single lineages. However, many other kinds of processes contribute to evolutionary diversity. In vertical descent, the genetic material of a particular evolutionary unit is propagated by replication inside its own lineage. In what we call introgressive descent, the genetic material of a particular evolutionary unit propagates into different host structures and is replicated within these host structures. Thus, introgressive descent generates a variety of evolutionary units and leaves recognizable patterns in resemblance networks. We characterize six kinds of evolutionary units, of which five involve mosaic lineages generated by introgressive descent. To facilitate detection of these units in resemblance networks, we introduce terminology based on two notions, P3s (subgraphs of three nodes: A, B, and C) and mosaic P3s, and suggest an apparatus for systematic detection of introgressive descent. Mosaic P3s correspond to a distinct type of evolutionary bond that is orthogonal to the bonds of kinship and genealogy usually examined by evolutionary biologists. We argue that recognition of these evolutionary bonds stimulates radical rethinking of key questions in evolutionary biology (e.g., the relations among evolutionary players in very early phases of evolutionary history, the origin and emergence of novelties, and the production of new lineages). This line of research will expand the study of biological complexity beyond the usual genealogical bonds, revealing additional sources of biodiversity. It provides an important step to a more realistic pluralist treatment of evolutionary complexity

Efeito ergogênico da suplementação aguda de pó de guaraná em lutadores de Jiu-Jitsu

A cafeína é um suplemento ergogênico largamente estudado, no entanto, estudos associando a cafeína presente no guaraná com a aplicação em adolescentes são escassos. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos ergogênicos da suplementação aguda de guaraná em pó encapsulado em lutadores adolescentes de jiu-jítsu. Para o teste do lactato e percepção subjetiva do esforço os lutadores simularam o golpe Morote Gari por dois minutos com intensidade máxima, após 60 minutos da suplementação. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica, aferição da pressão arterial, lactacidemia e aplicação da escala de Borg. O experimento consistiu em um procedimento cego, por três dias consecutivos: 1) sem suplementação, 2) placebo e 3) com suplementação, com a participação de seis lutadores adolescentes.  Na avaliação do estado nutricional, todos os atletas apresentaram-se eutróficos. Quanto aos testes fisiológicos, destaca-se o aumento da lactacidemia e do número de golpes após a suplementação com o guaraná. Este resultado sugere que os atletas se tornaram mais tolerantes ao exercício após terem ingerido o suplemento, o que indica que o pó de guaraná pode ser utilizado como um recurso ergogênico para a melhora da performance de lutadores de jiu-jítsu. Palavras-chave: Guaraná. Cafeína. Jiu-jítsu. ABSTRACT Ergogenic effect of acute supplementation guaraná in jiu-jitsu fightersCaffeine is a widely studied ergogenic supplement, however, studies that associate caffeine present in guarana with application in adolescents are scarce. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the ergogenic effects of acute encapsulated guarana powder supplementation on adolescent jiu-jitsu fighters. For the lactate test and the subjective perception of the effort, the fighters simulated the Morote Gari for two minutes at maximum intensity, after 60 minutes of supplementation. An anthropometric evaluation, blood pressure measurement, lactacidemia and application of the Borg scale were performed. The experiment consisted of a blind procedure for three consecutive days: 1) without supplementation, 2) placebo and 3) with supplementation, with the participation of six adolescent fighters. In the evaluation of nutritional status, all athletes presented eutrophic. As for the physiological tests, the increase in lactacidemia and the number of blows after guarana supplementation are highlighted. This result suggests that athletes have become more tolerant to exercise after supplement intake, indicating that guarana powder can be used as an ergogenic resource to improve the performance of jiu-jitsu fighters

Over-the-scope clip (OTSC (R)) closure of a recto-acetabular fistula

A 25-year-old male Syrian refugee presented in our hospital with recurrent hip infections after having undergone hip arthroplasty abroad following destruction of his right hip joint by shell splinters in the Syrian civil war. The patient underwent hip arthroplasty revision with implantation of a cement spacer. CT-scan with rectal contrast media filling revealed a rectoacetabular fistula. Consecutively, the patient underwent ileostomy formation. The fistula was then successfully closed by endoscopic over-the-scope clipping (OTSC (R)). Fistulas between intestines and joints rarely develop and in the few cases published mostly extensive abdominal rescue surgery has been performed. Here, we present a case of a traumatic rectoacetabular fistula that was successfully closed by OTSC. This innovative method could represent a safe and suitable option to effectively close fistulas between joints and intestines thereby avoiding extensive rescue surgery with bowel resection or permanent ostomy

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil and Their Clinical Significance

ObjectivesTo investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and to correlate expression profiles with clinicopathological characteristics.MethodsParaffin blocks were obtained from 45 tonsil squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients, who underwent surgery as an initial treatment between 1994 and 2004, and from 20 normal controls. Expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were investigated immunohistochemically.ResultsThe expressions of MMPs (except MMP-2) and TIMPs were found to be significantly different in tonsil SCC and normal control tissues. Furthermore, MMP-13 expression was found to be correlated with tumor invasion (P=0.05), and the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 with nodal metastasis (P=0.048, 0.031). No relation was found between MMP or TIMP expression and recurrence. However, MMP-9 expression was found to be significantly associated with 5-year survival in tonsil SCC patients by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.853; P=0.013).ConclusionSignificant overexpressions of multiple MMPs and TIMPs were found in tonsil SCC tissues. Furthermore, our findings suggest that MMP-9 expression might be a useful prognostic factor

Identifiable Acetylene Features Predicted for Young Earth-like Exoplanets with Reducing Atmospheres Undergoing Heavy Bombardment

The chemical environments of young planets are assumed to be largely influenced by the impacts of bodies lingering on unstable trajectories after the dissolution of the protoplanetary disk. We explore the chemical consequences of impacts within the context of reducing planetary atmospheres dominated by carbon monoxide, methane, and molecular nitrogen. A terawatt high-power laser was selected in order to simulate the airglow plasma and blast wave surrounding the impactor. The chemical results of these experiments are then applied to a theoretical atmospheric model. The impact simulation results in substantial volume mixing ratios within the reactor of 5% hydrogen cyanide (HCN), 8% acetylene (C2H2), 5% cyanoacetylene (HC3N), and 1% ammonia (NH3). These yields are combined with estimated impact rates for the early Earth to predict surface boundary conditions for an atmospheric model. We show that impacts might have served as sources of energy that would have led to steady-state surface quantities of 0.4% C2H2, 400 ppm HCN, and 40 ppm NH3. We provide simulated transit spectra for an Earth-like exoplanet with this reducing atmosphere during and shortly after eras of intense impacts. We predict that acetylene is as observable as other molecular features on exoplanets with reducing atmospheres that have recently gone through their own "heavy bombardments," with prominent features at 3.05 and 10.5 μm

Examining smoking-induced differential gene expression changes in buccal mucosa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gene expression changes resulting from conditions such as disease, environmental stimuli, and drug use, can be monitored in the blood. However, a less invasive method of sample collection is of interest because of the discomfort and specialized personnel necessary for blood sampling especially if multiple samples are being collected. Buccal mucosa cells are easily collected and may be an alternative sample material for biomarker testing. A limited number of studies, primarily in the smoker/oral cancer literature, address this tissue's efficacy as an RNA source for expression analysis. The current study was undertaken to determine if total RNA isolated from buccal mucosa could be used as an alternative tissue source to assay relative gene expression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Total RNA was isolated from swabs, reverse transcribed and amplified. The amplified cDNA was used in RT-qPCR and microarray analyses to evaluate gene expression in buccal cells. Initially, RT-qPCR was used to assess relative transcript levels of four genes from whole blood and buccal cells collected from the same seven individuals, concurrently. Second, buccal cell RNA was used for microarray-based differential gene expression studies by comparing gene expression between a group of female smokers and nonsmokers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>An amplification protocol allowed use of less buccal cell total RNA (50 ng) than had been reported previously with human microarrays. Total RNA isolated from buccal cells was degraded but was of sufficient quality to be used with RT-qPCR to detect expression of specific genes. We report here the finding of a small number of statistically significant differentially expressed genes between smokers and nonsmokers, using buccal cells as starting material. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis confirmed that these genes had a similar expression pattern to results from another study.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that despite a high degree of degradation, RNA from buccal cells from cheek mucosa could be used to detect differential gene expression between smokers and nonsmokers. However the RNA degradation, increase in sample variability and microarray failure rate show that buccal samples should be used with caution as source material in expression studies.</p

Логічний синтез дискретних систем автоматичного керування при використанні програмованих реле низького рівня

Логічний синтез дискретних систем автоматичного керування при використанні програмованих реле низького рівня = Logical synthesis of discrete automatic control systems using low-level programmed relays / С. О. Бур’ян, М. В. Печеник, Г. Ю. Землянухіна, І. С. Єпіфанцев // Зб. наук. пр. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2021. – № 1 (484). – С. 54–60.Анотація. Для керування комплексними системами автоматизації, як правило, використовуються інтелектуальні промислові контролери, які мають досить складну структуру і високі вартісні характеристики. Разом із тим для локальних систем керування, які забезпечують виконання певної виробничої задачі або самостійно, або в рамках загального технологічного циклу, досить перспективним є використання програмних реле низького рівня, яким властиві невисока вартість, простота в програмуванні, зручність в експлуатації. Однак недоліком зазначених реле можна відзначити обмежену кількість комірок пам’яті й елементів, які записуються в програмі, що у свою чергу призводить до використання більш дорогих контролерів для локальних систем автоматизації з великою кількістю станів. Мета. Вдосконалення методу синтезу логічних схем на основі графопереходів для використання його під час розроблення дискретних систем керування технологічними процесами з великою кількістю станів за умови технічної реалізації програми на логічних реле низького класу. Методика. Вдосконалення методу синтезу полягає в перетворенні громіздкого графопереходу, який описує переходи між станами дискретної схеми в ланцюг із декількох графопереходів, кожен з яких описує частину станів системи автоматизації або технологічного процесу. Останній сигнал, який переводить поточний графоперехід у вихідний стан, є одночасно першим сигналом наступного графопереходу. Це у свою чергу знімає обмеження застосування в складних системах автоматизації логічних реле низького рівня, оскільки зменшується кількість комірок пам’яті, необхідних для написання програми. Результати. Запропонована модифікація передбачає, що замість одного графопереходу, що описує всі стани системи автоматизації, застосовується ланцюг із невеликих графопереходів, які послідовно переходять з одного на інший. При цьому зменшується кількість кон’юнктивних членів у кожному рівнянні, що дозволяє використовувати отримані рівняння для складання програм для логічних програмованих реле, що мають обмеження за кількістю комірок пам’яті та кількістю елементів, що записуються в програмі. Наукова новизна. Вдосконалено метод синтезу дискретних систем автоматизації на основі графопереходів, який полягає в перетворенні громіздкого графопереходу, що описує переходи між станами дискретної схеми, в ланцюг із декількох графопереходів, кожен з яких описує частину станів системи автоматизації або технологічного процесу. Практична значимість. Вдосконалений метод має елементи уніфікації, і його можна використовувати для синтезу логічних рівнянь, що описують системи автоматичного керування, які працюють за лінійним алгоритмом, тобто схема послідовно переходить з одного стану в інший, що є характерною рисою також і для електромеханічних систем механізмів загальнопромислового призначення циклічного режиму роботи.Abstract. To control complex automation systems, as a rule, intelligent industrial controllers are used, which have a rather complex structure and high cost characteristics. However, for local control systems that provide a certain production task either independently or within the general technological cycle is quite promising to use low-level software relays, which are characterized by low cost, ease of programming, ease of operation. However, the disadvantage of these relays is the limited number of memory cells and elements that are recorded in the program, which in turn leads to the use of more expensive controllers for local automation systems with a large number of states. Purpose. Improving the method of synthesis of logic circuits based on graph transitions for its use in the development of discrete process control systems with a large number of states under the condition of technical implementation of the program on low-class logic relays. Method. The improvement of the synthesis method is to transform a bulky graph transition, which describes the transitions between the states of a discrete circuit into a chain of several graph transitions, each of which describes part of the states of the automation system or process. The last signal that converts the current graph transition to the initial state is also the first signal of the next graph transition. This in turn removes the limitations of using low-level logic relays in complex automation systems, as it reduces the number of memory cells required to write a program. Results. The proposed modification assumes that instead of one graph transition, which describes all the states of the automation system, a chain of small graph transitions is used, which successively pass from one to another. This reduces the number of conjunctive terms in each equation, which allows you to use the resulting equations to compile programs for logic programmable relays, which are limited by the number of memory cells and the number of elements recorded in the program. Scientific novelty. The method of synthesis of discrete automation systems based on graph transitions is improved, which consists in transforming a bulky graph transition describing transitions between states of a discrete circuit into a chain of several graph transitions, each of which describes a part of automation system or process states. Practical importance. The advanced method has elements of unification and can be used to synthesize logical equations describing automatic control systems that operate on a linear algorithm, i.e. the circuit sequentially passes from one state to another, which is also a characteristic feature of electromechanical systems of general industrial mechanisms of cyclic mode work