Pattern of Malaria Morbidity and Mortality in under-Five Children Attending ONI Memorial Children’s Hospital Ibadan, Oyo-State

Background Malaria is the most important tropical parasitic disease, as it affects millions of people worldwide, most of whom are children under the age of five years. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is recommended for children to prevent the disease from progressing to its severe forms, leading to morbidity and mortality among under-fives. ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the pattern of malaria morbidity and mortality in under-fives who presented at Oni memorial children’s hospital during the study period. Methodology The study adopted a case review of records of all children who are under-fives in the period of one year (1st January to 31st December 2010) at Oni memorial Children’s hospital. A total of 7,720 case files of children all below the age of five who presented both at the outpatient section and the inpatient section were reviewed using a proforma to collect data. A Chi-square test was used for bivariate analyses to test the significance of the association between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05.   &nbsp

Determinants of Increased Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy Among Female Senior Class Students in Two Selected Secondary School in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

Teenage pregnancy is a global phenomenon with rates range from 143 per 1000 in some sub-Saharan African countries to 2.9 per 1000 in South Korea. Highest risk of maternal death in young girls was shown in Africa, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Guatemala, Haiti, Nepal, Nicaragua and Yemen. (Papri, Khanam, Ara, & Panna, 2016). Victims of teenage pregnancy lack information and were not adequately educated on safe-sex either by their parents, schools or development agencies that could have enabled them deal with friends who lure them into sex prematurely, children of single parents are more vulnerable to teenage pregnancy. This study is aimed at identifying the determinants of increased prevalence of Teenage pregnancy among female Teenage students in two selected secondary schools in Sagamu, Ogun State. A descriptive cross sectional design was used for the study and this allowed data to be collected among two hundred and ninety seven (297) respondents. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.Descriptive statistics were used such as frequency table and percentage.The mean and standard deviation of the ages of the respondents were found to be 20.9±2.5years respectively and majority of the respondents were Muslims and were from the Yoruba tribe, more than sixty per cent of the respondents affirm their knowledge that teenage pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs in females between the ages of 15 and 19years. Generally, majority of the respondents had good knowledge of teenage pregnancy and its negative effect on their lives.&nbsp

Household Level Factors Responsible for Gender Poverty Among Cassava Farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State

Poverty is multidimensional, enduring and is prevailing not only globally, but also particular cultural, political and economic features of a specific country increasing it. The gulf between haves and have-nots has lingered. Gender disparities, inequality, spatial dimensions, political instability, week institutions and lack of spiritual capital causes the poverty. The objective of this study was to examine the determinants of poverty among cassava producing households by gender of household heads in Odeda local government area of Ogun state. A total of 120 cassava farming household comprising of 76 male headed households and 46 female headed households were interviewed using structured questionnaire, in obtaining information from them. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between the household size and poverty status for both the female headed households and male headed households and also the age of the household head has a negative relationship with the poverty status of the female household while farm experience and off farm activities were negatively related to the poverty status among the male household. Also, it was found out that neither of the households dominates one another in the poverty analysis. It was concluded that the household size of both the male and female households is an important determinant of poverty status as it was significant to the poverty status of the respondents.&nbsp

Determinants Contributing to Increased Prevalence of Workplace Stress among Registered Nurses in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital Yemetu Ibadan, Oyo-State

Work-related stress among nurses is a common problem. It is also a contributing factor to health problems in nursing. It is essential to record the causes of stress to an extent of stress in any health care organizations. Nursing involves activities and interpersonal relationships that are often stressful, while nurses are faced with greater demands and high expectations, while they are not well secured. The healthcare environment is a source of overwork and stress has been implicated in today s ’nursing shortage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributory determinants to the increase in the prevalence of workplace stress among registered nurses in Adeoyo Maternity teaching hospital, Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was adopted using a Stratified sampling technique consisting of 142 respondents. Data was collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of this study show that indeed nurses are suffering from occupational stress. The study revealed that the main causes of occupational stress among nurses are; Sleep Deprivation, inability to cope with work, Inadequacy of resources and staff in the organization. The causes of occupational stress among nurses call for an urgent need to design interventions that can easier make the work environment conducive for nurses. The environment in which individuals work determines the level of satisfaction with work performed.The results show that the number of years worked also contributes to occupational stress among the nurses.&nbsp

Knowledge and Perception of Alcohol Abuse as a Risk Factor of Non-Communicable Diseases among Undergraduate Students in Lead City University

Low- and middle-income countries are experiencing a transition from a preponderance of infectious to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Many of the behaviour’s that produce these risks often commence in late adolescence. The study assessed knowledge and perception of alcohol abuse as a risk factor for NCDs among undergraduate students in Lead City University Ibadan, Oyo state. This was a cross-sectional study using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using the semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and were entered and analysed using SPSS version 21. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and percentages, and a Chi-square test at p <0.05 were used to determine the level of association between two different variables. Of 216 undergraduates, 132 (61.1%) were male and 103 (47.7%) were aged 26 years and above; the mean age was 22.4 (+/-8.437) years; 139 (64.4%) were singles. Only 69.9% of the respondents were current drink containing alcohol with 84.4 % classified as having excess alcohol use. Moreover, 79.6% were classified as having good knowledge toward NCDs. The most prominent influence sources of alcohol intake reported by the students were friends. it was revealed in this study that knowledge of alcohol as a risk factor for NCDs was found to be statistically significant with perception of alcohol abuse of the respondents. These findings highlight the need of developing school-based health awareness and promotion programs in Lead city University. The findings of this study will serve as the baseline data to develop new programs and to evaluate existing programs (if any), as limited data are available related to the implementation of NCDs prevention efforts in Lead city University

Science Education in Nigerian Public Universities: Challenges and Way Forward

Science education is faced with many problems in the Nigerian public universities and this is affecting the development of science education at the various public universities across the country.This presentation discusses the challenges facing teaching of science education in the Nigerian public universities. Secondary and primary data were sourced and used to support the points raised in the presentation. Inadequate funding, inadequate science lecturers, shortage of infrastructural facilities, Brain-drain, poor research, strike action and corruption were identified as challenges facing the teaching of science education in the Nigerian public universities. Adequate funding of science programme in the public universities, employment of more science lecturers, provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, increasing the funding of research programme in sciences, increasing the salaries of academic staff to prevent brain-drain and to motivate the lecturers, implement agreement reached with the unions in the universities and corruption in the universities should be fought using the various anti-corruption agencies in the country were recommended as the ways forward for the development of science education in Nigeria public universities

Science Education in Nigerian Public Universities: Challenges and Way Forward

Science education is faced with many problems in the Nigerian public universities and this is affecting the development of science education at the various public universities across the country.This presentation discusses the challenges facing teaching of science education in the Nigerian public universities. Secondary and primary data were sourced and used to support the points raised in the presentation. Inadequate funding, inadequate science lecturers, shortage of infrastructural facilities, Brain-drain, poor research, strike action and corruption were identified as challenges facing the teaching of science education in the Nigerian public universities. Adequate funding of science programme in the public universities, employment of more science lecturers, provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, increasing the funding of research programme in sciences, increasing the salaries of academic staff to prevent brain-drain and to motivate the lecturers, implement agreement reached with the unions in the universities and corruption in the universities should be fought using the various anti-corruption agencies in the country were recommended as the ways forward for the development of science education in Nigeria public universities

Analgesic Effects of Lignocaine Alone and in Combination with Meloxicam Administered Epidurally in Dogs Undergoing Femoral Exposure

The experiment was done to evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of lignocaine alone and in combination with meloxicam administered epidurally in dogs undergoing femoral exposure. Eight (n=8) apparently healthy Nigeria local dogs with average weight 9.6kg were used for the research. They were randomly grouped into two groups (A and B) of four dogs each. Pain assessment was done using physiologic parameters (temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate), haematologic parameters (total WBC count and differential neutrophil count) mined using clinical algometer at o minute and subsequently and 30, 60, 90,120,150 and 180 minutes respectively. The mean values of each parameter were subjected to student t-test with p-values (0.05).Pain threshold showed no significant difference between group A and B (p>0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to rectal temperature (p>0.05). For pulse rate, significant difference was observed between group A and B(p<0.05).For respiratory rate, there was significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).Differential neutrophil count statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).There was no significant difference at any time interval between the two groups with respect to Complete White Blood Cell Count(p>0.05).It was concluded that combined lignocaine and meloxicam administered epidurally rendered prolong analgesia than use of lignocaine alone without any postsurgical complication

Analgesic Effects of Lignocaine Alone and in Combination with Meloxicam Administered Epidurally in Dogs Undergoing Femoral Exposure

The experiment was done to evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of lignocaine alone and in combination with meloxicam administered epidurally in dogs undergoing femoral exposure. Eight (n=8) apparently healthy Nigeria local dogs with average weight 9.6kg were used for the research. They were randomly grouped into two groups (A and B) of four dogs each. Pain assessment was done using physiologic parameters (temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rate), haematologic parameters (total WBC count and differential neutrophil count) mined using clinical algometer at o minute and subsequently and 30, 60, 90,120,150 and 180 minutes respectively. The mean values of each parameter were subjected to student t-test with p-values (0.05).Pain threshold showed no significant difference between group A and B (p>0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to rectal temperature (p>0.05). For pulse rate, significant difference was observed between group A and B(p<0.05).For respiratory rate, there was significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).Differential neutrophil count statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05).There was no significant difference at any time interval between the two groups with respect to Complete White Blood Cell Count(p>0.05).It was concluded that combined lignocaine and meloxicam administered epidurally rendered prolong analgesia than use of lignocaine alone without any postsurgical complication

Adaptation of the Wound Healing Questionnaire universal-reporter outcome measure for use in global surgery trials (TALON-1 study): mixed-methods study and Rasch analysis

BackgroundThe Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) is a universal-reporter outcome measure developed in the UK for remote detection of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. This study aimed to explore cross-cultural equivalence, acceptability, and content validity of the WHQ for use across low- and middle-income countries, and to make recommendations for its adaptation.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study within a trial (SWAT) embedded in an international randomized trial, conducted according to best practice guidelines, and co-produced with community and patient partners (TALON-1). Structured interviews and focus groups were used to gather data regarding cross-cultural, cross-contextual equivalence of the individual items and scale, and conduct a translatability assessment. Translation was completed into five languages in accordance with Mapi recommendations. Next, data from a prospective cohort (SWAT) were interpreted using Rasch analysis to explore scaling and measurement properties of the WHQ. Finally, qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated using a modified, exploratory, instrumental design model.ResultsIn the qualitative phase, 10 structured interviews and six focus groups took place with a total of 47 investigators across six countries. Themes related to comprehension, response mapping, retrieval, and judgement were identified with rich cross-cultural insights. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory Rasch model was fitted to data from 537 patients (369 excluding extremes). Owing to the number of extreme (floor) values, the overall level of power was low. The single WHQ scale satisfied tests of unidimensionality, indicating validity of the ordinal total WHQ score. There was significant overall model misfit of five items (5, 9, 14, 15, 16) and local dependency in 11 item pairs. The person separation index was estimated as 0.48 suggesting weak discrimination between classes, whereas Cronbach's α was high at 0.86. Triangulation of qualitative data with the Rasch analysis supported recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ items 1 (redness), 3 (clear fluid), 7 (deep wound opening), 10 (pain), 11 (fever), 15 (antibiotics), 16 (debridement), 18 (drainage), and 19 (reoperation). Changes to three item response categories (1, not at all; 2, a little; 3, a lot) were adopted for symptom items 1 to 10, and two categories (0, no; 1, yes) for item 11 (fever).ConclusionThis study made recommendations for cross-cultural adaptation of the WHQ for use in global surgical research and practice, using co-produced mixed-methods data from three continents. Translations are now available for implementation into remote wound assessment pathways