Creating and Sustaining Communities of Practice Among Physical Education Professionals

Le concept de communauté de pratique a pris de l’importance dans les dernières années en tant que stratégie prometteuse pour la formation des maîtres. On peut aussi le considérer comme une façon de s’engager sur ce qui est sensible dans sa vie professionnelle. Les enseignants chargés de la formation des maîtres seraient plutôt d’avis que le but central de tout programme de formation serait de construire, chez les professeurs stagiaires, le fait que l’expertise en enseignement est un processus qui se développe tout au long de la vie. L’évolution de leur maîtrise et de leurs compétences à enseigner est en relation directe avec une bonne compréhension des curricula, un meilleur entendement des besoins des élèves et des changements dans les finalités de l’éducation dans la société contemporaine. Il y a une prise de conscience croissante que l’attention doit être portée sur la création et l’offre d’opportunités concernant le développement professionnel dans toute prévision de réforme éducative. Malheureusement, les programmes de formation professionnelle continue, dans beaucoup de pays, ont été supprimés ou considérés avec cynisme, comme quelque chose d’imposé plutôt que de fait avec eux. En bref, ce texte discute le développement de « communautés de pratique » pour tenter de résoudre ce problème

The Role of the Hydrolysis and Zirconium Concentration on the Structure and Anticorrosion Performances of a Hybrid Silicate Sol-Gel Coating

In sol-gel chemistry, hydrolysis is the key step in the formation of the reactive hydroxide groups that are responsible for the formation of inorganic networks via the occurrence of condensation reactions. Though previous studies have investigated the effect of the hydrolysis conditions on the structure of organically modified silicates (ormosils), no study, to our knowledge, has investigated this variable on the structure of hybrid materials prepared by combinations of an ormosil and a transition metal (TM). Here, we propose to investigate this effect in a hybrid material composed of 3-trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate and a zirconium complex. To also highlight the effects of the precursor’s concentrations on the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the hybrid materials, their relative content was altered along with the hydrolysis degree. The anticorrosion barrier properties were identified by characterisation of coatings deposited on AA2024-T3 substrates and correlation between the structure and the anticorrosion properties of the coatings were performed based on results obtained from structural characterisations (DLS, FTIR, 29Si-NMR, DSC, AFM and SEM) and corrosion testing (EIS and NSS). It is demonstrated that competition in the formation of siloxane and Si-O-Zr bonds takes place and can be controlled by the degree of hydrolysis and the concentration of the zirconium complex. This effect was found to dramatically alter the morphology of the coatings and their subsequent anticorrosion performances. At shortterm exposure times, it is found that the most condensed materials exhibited a higher corrosion resistance while over longer periods the performances were found to level. This article highlighted the critical impact of the hydrolysis degree and zirconium concentration on the connectivity of hybrid sol-gel coatings and the impact this has on corrosion performances

Creative Tensions within a Triad: Perspectives and experiences of triad participants in teacher education practicum.:Contribution to ISATT conference

A group of teacher educators from different juristictions across Europe thinking and discussing their work as educators around one central practice; the supervision of student teachers during theirpracticu

Glucose metabolism and its role in the maturation and migration of human CD1c+ dendritic cells following exposure to BCG

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) still kills over 1 million people annually. The only approved vaccine, BCG, prevents disseminated disease in children but shows low efficacy at preventing pulmonary TB. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are promising targets for vaccines and immunotherapies to combat infectious diseases due to their essential role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs undergo metabolic reprogramming following exposure to TLR agonists, which is thought to be a prerequisite for a successful host response to infection. We hypothesized that metabolic rewiring also plays a vital role in the maturation and migration of DCs stimulated with BCG. Consequently, we investigated the role of glycolysis in the activation of primary human myeloid CD1c+ DCs in response to BCG. Methods/resultsWe show that CD1c+ mDC mature and acquire a more energetic phenotype upon challenge with BCG. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) decreased cytokine secretion and altered cell surface expression of both CD40 and CCR7 on BCG-challenged, compared to untreated, mDCs. Furthermore, inhibition of glycolysis had differential effects on infected and uninfected bystander mDCs in BCG-challenged cultures. For example, CCR7 expression was increased by 2-DG treatment following challenge with BCG and this increase in expression was seen only in BCG-infected mDCs. Moreover, although 2-DG treatment inhibited CCR7-mediated migration of bystander CD1C+ DCs in a transwell assay, migration of BCG-infected cells proceeded independently of glycolysis. DiscussionOur results provide the first evidence that glycolysis plays divergent roles in the maturation and migration of human CD1c+ mDC exposed to BCG, segregating with infection status. Further investigation of cellular metabolism in DC subsets will be required to determine whether glycolysis can be targeted to elicit better protective immunity against Mtb

An in vitro study of the effects of respiratory circuit setup and parameters on aerosol delivery during mechanical ventilation

IntroductionAerosol therapy is often prescribed concurrently during invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). This study determines the effects of nebuliser position, circuit humidification source, and most importantly, lung health on the delivery of aerosol in simulated adult and paediatric IMV patients. Furthermore, the influence of closed suction catheters on aerosol delivery is also addressed.MethodsA vibrating mesh nebuliser was used to deliver Albuterol to simulated adult and paediatric IMV patients with differing states of lung health. Four different nebuliser positions and two types of humidification were analysed. Closed suction catheter mounts, a mainstay in IMV therapy, were incorporated into the circuits. The mean ± SD dose of aerosol (%) was assayed from a filter at the distal end of the endotracheal tube.ResultsNebuliser placement and circuit humidification source had no effect on the delivered dose (%) in adults, yet both significantly did in the simulated paediatric patients. The use of closed suction catheter mounts significantly reduced the delivered dose (%) in adults but not in paediatric patients. A simulated healthy lung state generated the largest delivered dose (%), irrespective of nebuliser position in the adult. However, different lung health and nebuliser positions yielded higher delivered doses (%) in paediatrics.ConclusionLung health and respiratory circuit composition significantly affect aerosol delivery in both adult and paediatric IMV patients. Nebuliser placement and respiratory circuit humidification source do not affect the delivered dose in adult but do in paediatric IMV patients

Vitamin D levels and menopause-related symptoms.

Objective: To determine whether vitamin D levels are associated with menopause-related symptoms in older women. Methods: A randomly selected subset of 1,407 women, among 26,104 potentially eligible participants of the Women’s Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D (CaD) trial of postmenopausal women aged 51-80 years, had 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels measured at the CaD trial baseline visit. Information about menopause-related symptoms at baseline was obtained by questionnaire and included overall number of symptoms and composite measures of sleep disturbance, emotional well-being, and energy/fatigue, as well as individual symptoms. After exclusions for missing data, 530 women [mean age 66.2 years (SD 6.8)] were included in these analyses. Results: There were borderline significant associations between 25(OH)D levels and total number of menopausal symptoms (p values ranging from 0.05 to 0.06 for fully adjusted models); however, the effect was clinically insignificant and disappeared with correction for multiple testing. There were no associations between 25(OH)D levels and composite measures of sleep disturbance, emotional well-being, or energy/fatigue (p’s > 0.10 for fully adjusted models). Conclusions: There was no evidence of a clinically important association between serum 25(OH)D levels and menopause-related symptoms in postmenopausal women