Effect of Crossfit Training on Jump and Strength

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of regular CrossFit training on some force and jump parameters. 32 healthy wrestling men participated in the study, 16 experimental and 16 control groups. For the experimental group, CrossFit training, known as Cindy, was practiced three times a week for 8 weeks. The training consisted of 5 bars, 10 push-ups and 15 squats for 20 minutes. The control group continued the classical wrestling practice. Myotest accelerometric system was used for measurements of participants’ values. For the analysis of the data, repeated measure ANOVA was used. According to the results, as a result of CrossFit training, athletes' squat jump heights increased (Wilks' Lambda = .541, F (1,30) = 25, p = .00). The mean post-training leap values (33.778 ± 5.48) were higher than the pre-training leap values (32.169 ± 4.95) (p <0.05). It can be concluded that Cindy CrossFit studies improve jumping and strength ability

Production and characterization of antituberculostatic drug-loaded nanofibers by electrospinning method

Bu çalışma, Tüberküloz hastalarında antitüberküloz ilaçların etkili kombine formulasyonlarının üretilmesindeki zorluklar nedeniyle yeni kombinasyon formulasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Bunun için tedavide etkin antitüberkülostatikler olan pirazinamid, izoniazid, rifampisin ve etambutol biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen polikaprolakton (PCL), nanofiberlere yüklenmiş, böylelikle mevcut yan etkilerinin azaltılması da hedeflenmiştir. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis basiline karşı etkin bir tedavi için çalışmada etken maddelerin elektroeğirme yöntemiyle polimerik nanofiber formasyonları içine yüklenmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle farklı konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan PCL polimeri DMF:THF (1:1 w/w) karışımı içinde çözülmüş ve homojen bir çözelti verecek şekilde Tween 80 (%1) eklenmiştir. Elde edilen çözeltiden elektroeğirme yöntemi ile lifler elde edilmiştir. Sistem, farklı konsantrasyon ve voltajlar (17 kV, 20 kV, 23 kV, 26 kV ve 29 kV) uygulanarak optimize edilmiştir. Optimizasyon çalışmasında, %12 konsantrasyonda hazırlanan çözeltiden en uygun PCL fiber yapısı elde edilmiştir. Sistem optimizasyonu sonunda 4 farklı etken maddenin 20 kV, 1.0 ml/h akış hızı, 18 cm plaka mesafesi koşullarında metanol içerisinde çözeltilerinde tek tek ve kombinasyonları halinde fiber ile kaplanması sağlanmıştır. Çözeltilerinin elektriksel iletkenliği, yüzey gerilimi, yoğunluk ve viskozite özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, elektroeğirme yöntemiyle elde edilen nanofiberlerin karakterizasyon amacıyla SEM görüntüleri alınmış ve ilaç salınımı in vitro olarak incelenmiştir. İlaç salımı pH: 7.4 fosfat tamponu ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve salım UV spektrofotometresi ile analiz edilmiştir. İlaç kaplı liflerden ilaç salımı, uzun süreli ve kontrollü bir şekilde sağlanmıştır.This study was designed to evaluate new combination formulations because of the difficulties in producing effectively combined formulations of antituberculosis drugs in tuberculosis patients. For this, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, which are effective antituberculostatics in treatment, are loaded on biodegradable polycaprolactone nanofibers, thus reducing the existing side effects. Loading of active ingredients into polymeric nanofiber formulations by electrospinning method in the study for an effective treatment against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis bacillus. For this, polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer prepared at different concentrations was dissolved in DMF: THF (1:1 w/w) mixture, and Tween 80 (1%) was added to give a homogeneous solution. Nanofibers were obtained from the solution obtained by the electrospinning method. The system was optimized by applying different concentration voltages (17 kV, 20 kV, 23 kV, 26 kV, and 29 kV). In the system optimization study, the most suitable PCL nanofiber structure was obtained from the solution prepared at 12% concentration. At the end of the system optimization, 4 different active substances were coated with fiber individually or in combinations in their solutions in methanol at 20 kV, 1.0 ml/h flow rate, 18 cm plate distance conditions. The electrical conductivity, surface tension, density, and viscosity properties of the solutions were determined. Then, SEM images were taken for characterization of nanofibers obtained by electrospinning method, and drug release was investigated in vitro. Drug release was performed with pH: 7.4 phosphate buffer and release were analyzed by UV spectrophotometer. Drug release from drug-coated nanofibers was achieved in a long-term and controlled manner

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

3D printing in the battle against COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that is SARS-CoV-2, previously called 2019-nCoV, is a kind of human infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Based on the prompt increase of human infection rate, COVID-19 outbreak was distinguished as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). By 2020, COVID-19 becomes a major health problem all around the world. Due to the battle against COVID-19, there are some adversities that are encountered with. The most significant difficulty is the lack of equipment for the COVID-19 battle. Lately, there is not sufficient personal protective equipment (PPE) for hospital workers on the front lines in this terrifying time. All around the world, hospitals are overwhelmed by the volume of patients and the lack of personal protective equipment including face masks, gloves, eye protection and clothing. In addition, the lack of nasal swabs, which are necessary components, that are used for testing is another issue that is being faced. There are a small number of respirators, which are emergency devices that help patients breathe for a short period of time. To overcome the limited number of equipment available, the foremost solution can be 3D printing that allows three-dimensional renderings to be realized as physical objects with the use of a printer and that revolutionized prototyping. Low-cost desktop 3D printers allow economical 3D models and guides but have less quality approvals. 3D printing is already well integrated into the process of COVID-19 battle by manufacturing the equipment that are convenient. The goals of this review are to explore the techniques of 3D printing for the equipment that are used for COVID-19 battle and evaluate the materials that are used for manufacturing and the manufactured equipment. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing are figured out

Study on the cytocompatibility, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of 3D printed composite scaffolds based on PVA/ Gold nanoparticles (AuNP)/ Ampicillin (AMP) for bone tissue engineering

Over the years, gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been widely used in several biomedical applications related to the diagnosis, drug delivery, bio-imaging, photo-thermal therapy and regenerative medicine, owing to their unique features such as surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence and easy surface functionality. Recent studies showed that gold nanoparticles display positive effect on osteogenic differentiation. In line with this effect, 3-Dimesional (3D) scaffolds that can be used in bone tissue were produced by exploiting the properties of gold nanoparticles that increase biocompatibility and support bone tissue development. In addition, ampicillin was added to the scaffolds containing gold nanoparticles as a model drug to improve its antimicrobial properties. The scaffolds were produced as composites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) main matrix as PVA, PVA/AuNP, PVA/Ampicillin (AMP) and PVA/AuNP/AMP. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile measurement tests, and in vitro applications of 3D scaffolds were performed. As depicted by SEM, scaffolds were produced at pore sizes appropriate for bone tissue regeneration. According to FTIR results, there was no modification observed in the AMP, PVA and gold nanoparticles due to mixing in the resultant scaffolds. In vitro results show that 3D printed composite scaffold based on PVA/AuNP/AMP are biocompatible, osteo-inductive and exhibit antimicrobial properties, compared to PVA scaffolds. This study has implications for addressing infections during orthopedic surgeries. The PVA-based gold nanoparticle 3D tissue scaffold study containing ampicillin covers a new study compared to other articles based on gold nanoparticles

Investigation of the discrimination and characterization of blood serum structure in patients with opioid use disorder using IR spectroscopy and PCA-LDA analysis

Harmful illicit drug use, such as opioid use disorder (OUD), causes multiple diseases that result in physiological, pathological, and structural changes in serum biochemical parameters based on the period of use. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry is a noninvasive optical technique that can provide accurate evidence about the biochemical compounds of analytical samples. This technique is based on the detection of functional groups and the spectral analysis of the region of the selected bands, which provides a reliable and accurate tool for evaluating changes in the biochemical parameters of OUD patients. In the present study, the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-FTIR technique and clinical laboratory biochemical results were used to investigate the phospholipid-protein balance in the blood serum of participants with OUD by comparing their data to that of healthy controls. To compare the biochemical laboratory results with serum vibrational spectroscopy, we used infrared (IR) spectroscopy to distinguish the serum of the OUD patients, who had an average duration of use of 7.31 +/- 3.8 years (ranging from 6 to 15 years). We aimed to compare the clinical reports with findings from IR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The serum samples of the OUD male patients (n = 20) and healthy male individuals (n = 14) were evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy (range of 4000 cm(-1) - 400 cm(-1)). We focused on the areas where the results showed significant band differences and significant chemometric differences at the fingerprint region (1800 cm(-1) 900 cm(-1)), Amide I (1700 cm(-1) -1600 cm(-1)), C-H stretching band (3000 cm(-1) -2800 cm(-1)), triglyceride (Tg) levels and cholesterol esters (1800 cm(-1) -1700 cm(-1)), and total protein region (1700 cm(-1) -1350 cm(-1)). The intensity of these band areas was significantly different (p < 0.01) between OUD patients and healthy controls. Moreover, different bands on the serum spectrum of the OUD patients were explored. The results successfully specified the distinctions between OUD and the healthy controls (HCs). We compared the results with biochemical markers, such as albumin (Alb), Tg, and total cholesterol (Tc) levels of the patients, as well as the data of the healthy subjects obtained from the hospital. Additionally, we found that the Tg, Tc, and Alb levels decreased as the duration of heroin use increased based on the biochemical markers of the OUD patients. The laboratory biochemical reports and the vibrational spectroscopic analysis were correlated. The confidence of specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy was 100%, 92.85%, and 97.06% in the second derivative, respectively. Thus, we demonstrated that IR spectroscopy, multivariate data analysis, and clinical reports are consistent and correlated. Furthermore, FTIR is a simple and readily available diagnostic test that can successfully differentiate the serum samples of OUD patients from those of healthy subjects. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Bentonite-based sodium alginate/ dextrin cross-linked poly (acrylic acid) hydrogel nanohybrids for facile removal of paraquat herbicide from aqueous solutions

Removal of hazardous herbicides from the aqueous solution is critical for overcoming health-related issues across the wider population. In the current work, we have prepared sodium alginate (SAlg), dextrin, and acrylic acid (AA) based cross-linked hydrogels, composed of bentonite incorporated in the biocompatible hydrogel matrix. This hydrogel composite can remove highly toxic herbicide paraquat (PQ). As-synthesised hydrogel (SAlg/dextrin-cl-PAA) and hydrogel composite (SAlg/dextrin-cl-PAA/bentonite) were further analysed by infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DSC). For the first time, PQ adsorption onto sodium and dextrin-based hydrogel was also evaluated. The measured highest removal capacities were 76.923 and 90.909 mg g−1 for the SAlg/dextrin-cl-PAA and SAlg/dextrin-cl-PAA/bentonite, respectively. Pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir isotherm models have shown to be best suited for accurately describing the adsorption mechanism. A thermodynamics study verified that the adsorption of PQ on adsorbents is spontaneous, favourable and exothermic. Moreover, reusability analysis shows that the adsorbents possess good reproducibility even after six successive cycles. The adsorption results demonstrate that the synthesised adsorbents are very efficient for removing herbicides (PQ) from wastewater. © 2021 Elsevier Lt

Enürezisde ürodinamik incelemenin yeri

7. ÖZET Ürodinamik inceleme enürezis noktürnanın değerlendirmesinde tartışmasız çok iyi bir yere sahiptir. Hastaların sınıflandırılmasında, altta yatan patolojilerin saptanmasında ve özellikle instabilitenin belirlenmesinde çok yararlı bulunmuştur. Buna karşın hastaların anamnezlerinin iyi değerlendirilmesi, fizik muayenenin dikkatli yapılması ve hastalarla koordine olup düzenli tutulmuş bir işeme çizelgesi sağlanması; sekonder başlangıçlı, komplike ve diürnal komponenti olan hastaların kolayca saptanmasını sağlamıştır. Primer monosemptomatik enüretik olguların ürodinamik incelemesinde genelde normal sonuçlar saptanması bu hastalarda ürodinamik incelemenin gereksiz olduğunu göstermektedir. Ürodinamik inceleme tedaviye dirençli hastalarda düşünülmelidir. Dolayısıyla çalışmamız 'enürezisde ürodinaminin uygulanma endikasyonları özellik arzeden hastalardır' kanısını kabul etmiş olmakla beraber gözardı edilmez yararını da ispatlamıştı

3D bioprinting applications in neural tissue engineering for spinal cord injury repair

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that has not yet been treated successfully. In the United States, almost 450,000 people suffer from SCI. Despite the development of many clinical treatments, therapeutics are still at an early stage for a successful bridging of damaged nerve spaces and complete recovery of nerve functions. Biomimetic 3D scaffolds have been an effective option in repairing the damaged nervous system. 3D scaffolds allow improved host tissue engraftment and new tissue development by supplying physical support to ease cell function. Recently, 3D bioprinting techniques that may easily regulate the dimension and shape of the 3D tissue scaffold and are capable of producing scaffolds with cells have attracted attention. Production of biologically more complex microstructures can be achieved by using 3D bioprinting technology. Particularly in vitro modeling of CNS tissues for in vivo transplantation is critical in the treatment of SCI. Considering the potential impact of 3D bioprinting technology on neural studies, this review focus on 3D bioprinting methods, bio-inks, and cells widely used in neural tissue engineering and the latest technological applications of bioprinting of nerve tissues for the repair of SCI are discussed