Fungi in a Warmer World - Fungal diversity from the Peak Warming of the Miocene Climate Optimum as Recorded in the Latah Formation, Clarkia, Idaho, USA

Microfungi are a vital part of ecosystems as they help with key processes, such as carbon and nutrient cycling, especially through the actions of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic members (Nuñez Otaño et al., 2015, 2021; Willis et al., 2018). Microfungi can also be good indicators of plant biodiversity in an area because many fungal taxa are host-specific (Rutten et al., 2021; Francioli et al., 2021; Hu et al., 2021; Wijayawardene et al., 2022 ). Despite being crucial components in ecosystems, they are often overlooked. In the fossil record, microfungi have a high preservaon rate and they are often preserved close to the original substrate they were deposited in. This makes them an important proxy for understanding local past ecological and climatological conditions (Romero et al., 2021, O’Keefe et al., 2017). The Fungi in a Warmer World project seeks to use fossil fungal assemblages to study changes in biodiversity during the Miocene Climate Opmum (MCO), a period of peak warming that closely mirrors current and projected warming trends (Steinthorsdotter et al., 2021). The current atmospheric CO2 concentraon is around 420 ppm but is rapidly approaching the MCO average of 450-550 ppm (Steinthorsdotter et al., 2021).https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/celebration_posters_2022/1045/thumbnail.jp

An international inter-laboratory ring trial to evaluate a real-time PCR assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in extended bovine semen.

&lt;p&gt;Six laboratories participated in a ring trial to evaluate the reliability of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) from extended bovine semen. Sets of coded samples were prepared and distributed to each of the laboratories. The sample panel contained semen from naturally and artificially infected bulls, serial dilutions of positive semen with negative semen, semen from uninfected seronegative bulls, negative semen spiked with virus, as well as serial dilutions of reference virus. The samples were tested using a previously validated real-time PCR assay for the detection of BoHV-1 in each participating laboratory. The PCR tests were conducted with four different real-time PCR amplification platforms, including RotorGene 3000, Stratagene MX 3000/4000, ABI 7900, and Roche LightCycler 2.0. Virus isolation using one set of samples was performed in one laboratory. The results of the laboratories were compared with one another, and with those of virus isolation. It was found that the sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR test was greater than those of virus isolation (82.7% versus 53.6% and 93.6% versus 84.6%, respectively). A high level of agreement on PCR testing results between the laboratories was achieved (kappa value 0.59-0.95). The results of this study indicate that the real-time PCR assay is suitable for the detection of BoHV-1 in extended semen, and would be a good substitute for the slow and laborious virus isolation, for the screening testing at artificial insemination centres and for international trade.&lt;/p&gt;</p

Validation of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in bovine semen.

&lt;p&gt;A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detection of the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in extended bovine semen. The assay detects a region encoding a highly conserved glycoprotein B gene. The real-time PCR assay was validated for specificity, sensitivity and repeatability using spiked semen and semen from naturally infected animals. The real-time PCR was very rapid, highly repeatable and more sensitive (lower detection limits) than conventional virus isolation method for the detection of BoHV-1 in extended semen. The specificity of the assay is as expected. The assay had an analytical sensitivity of 0.38 TCID(50) virus spiked into negative semen. The second real-time PCR system for the detection of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene was applied as an internal control for the DNA extraction and PCR. The bGH PCR can be performed separately to BoHV-1 PCR, or in a duplex format. The real-time PCR assay is intended for use in international trade. The complete validation dossier based on this study and an international inter-laboratory ring trial has been accredited by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and has been recommended to be adopted as a prescribed test for international trade.&lt;/p&gt;</p

On the Occasion of Gig Ryan\u27s Sixtieth Birthday

This was a collaborative poem involving 17 poets celebrating Gig Ryan\u27s 60th birthday