710,824 research outputs found
Adsorption Behaviour of [(4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2Hpyran- 3-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-1methyl]-urea on Stainless Steel in Phosphoric Media
The adsorption of [(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)-(4-methoxy-phenyl)- methyl]-urea on iron in phosphoric media was studied by using electrochemical
technique. The adsorption mechanism was investigated using adsorption isotherms. The experimental data fit localized adsorption models. The values for free energy of
adsorption, o DGads , were also calculated at each surface coverage, �, of the studied compound by applying the mathematical model of Bockris – Swinkels adsorption
isotherm. The variation of free energy of adsorption o
ads DG with surface coverage, �, was interpreted in terms of deviation from ideal condition assumed in Langmuir model. A possible adsorption model of HPU2 molecules on to the metal surface was suggested
Comparative study of microwave assisted and conventional synthesis of novel 2-quinoxalinone-3- hydrazone derivatives and its spectroscopic properties
A series of novel quinoxalin-2(1H)-one-3-hydrazone derivatives, 2a - 8d were synthesized via condensation of 3-hydrazinoquinoxalin-2(1H)-one, 1, with the corresponding ketones under microwave irradiation. The microwave assisted reaction was remarkably successful and gave hydrazones in higher yield at less reaction time compared to conventional heating method. The chemical structures of the compounds prepared were confirmed by analytical and spectral dat
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BREWERY SPENT GRAINS IN DIETARY PROTEIN FORMULATION IN DONRYU RATS
The increasing production of large tonnage of products in brewing industries continually generates lots of solid waste
which includes spent grains, surplus yeast, malt sprout and cullet. The disposal of spent grains is often a problem and
poses major health and environmental challenges, thereby making it imminently necessary to explore alternatives for its
management. This paper focuses on investigating the effects of Brewery Spent Grain formulated diet on haematological,
biochemical, histological and growth performance of Donryu rats. The rats were allocated into six dietary treatment
groups and fed on a short-term study with diet containing graded levels of spent grains from 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 100%
weight/weight. The outcome demonstrated that formulated diet had a positive effect on the growth performance of the
rats up to levels of 6% inclusions, while the haematological and biochemical evaluation revealed that threshold limit
should not exceed 9% of the grain. However, the histological study on the liver indicated a limit of 3% inclusion in feed
without serious adverse effect. Thus invariably showing that blend between ranges 1-3% is appropriate for the utilization
of the waste in human food without adverse effect on the liver organ. The economic advantage accruing from this waste
conversion process not only solves problem of waste disposal but also handle issues of malnutrition in feeding ration
The pressure of deconfined QCD for all temperatures and quark chemical potentials
We present a new method for the evaluation of the perturbative expansion of
the QCD pressure which is valid at all values of the temperature and quark
chemical potentials in the deconfined phase and which we work out up to and
including order g^4 accuracy. Our calculation is manifestly four-dimensional
and purely diagrammatic -- and thus independent of any effective theory
descriptions of high temperature or high density QCD. In various limits, we
recover the known results of dimensional reduction and the HDL and HTL
resummation schemes, as well as the equation of state of zero-temperature quark
matter, thereby verifying their respective validity. To demonstrate the overlap
of the various regimes, we furthermore show how the predictions of dimensional
reduction and HDL resummed perturbation theory agree in the regime
T~\sqrt{g}*mu. At parametrically smaller temperatures T~g*mu, we find that the
dimensional reduction result agrees well with those of the nonstatic
resummations down to the remarkably low value T~0.2 m_D, where m_D is the Debye
mass at T=0. Beyond this, we see that only the latter methods connect smoothly
to the T=0 result of Freedman and McLerran, to which the leading small-T
corrections are given by the so-called non-Fermi-liquid terms, first obtained
through HDL resummations. Finally, we outline the extension of our method to
the next order, where it would include terms for the low-temperature entropy
and specific heats that are unknown at present.Comment: 45 pages, 21 figures; v2: minor corrections and clarifications,
references added; v3: Fig 16 added, version accepted for publication in PR
Fe(III) and Co(II) complexes of mixed antibiotics: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial potential and their effect on alkaline phosphatase activities of selected rat tissues
Two new mixed ligand metal complexes of Fe(III) and Co(II) chloride hexahydrate salts were prepared using standard methods. Ampicillin trihydrate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride antibiotics were used as ligands. Chemical analysis including conductivity measurements, molecular weight determination and spectroscopic studies were used to propose the geometry and mode of binding of the ligands to
metal ions. Both ligands were proposed to coordinate to metal ions in ratio 1:1:1 in the complexes.
Each of the ligands acted as terdentate ligand. Inhibition properties as well as toxicity effect of administration of the metal complexes at the dose of 3.33 mg/kg body weight thrice daily for 5 days on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities on rat kidney, liver and serum were evaluated. The inhibitory properties of the complexes were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) at the concentration of
1%(w/v) as compared to each of the ligands. The complexes were found to significantly increase (P0.05) in ALP from liver and kidney sera. The results indicated that more potent compounds with better physical properties and enhanced antimicrobial
activities upon complexation have been prepared
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and toxicology study of some metal complexes of mixed antibiotics
Mixed ligand metal complexes of ampicillin and chloramphenicol prepared by using Ni(II), Co(II) and
Fe(III) metal chloride hexahydrate were reported and characterized based on some physical properties
and spectroscopic analysis such as AAS, UV, and IR spectroscopy. The complexes were proposed to
have the formulae [ML1L2](Cl)n ( where M= Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III); L1 = ampicillin, L2 = chloramphenicol, and
n=2-3). IR spectra suggested that both L1 and L2 coordinated to the metal ions in a terdentate manner
with �(O-H), �(C=O) and �(N-H) as donor sites in each of the ligands. From analytical and spectroscopic
data obtained, the complexes were proposed to be of octahedral. The synthesized complexes, in compares to their ligands, were also screened for their antibacterial activity against isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using agar diffusion method.
The activity data showed the metal complexes to be more potent antibacterial than the parent drugs against the three bacteria species. However, toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes as compared to the parent drugs because the complexes were found to significantly increase (P<0.05) alkaline phosphatase from homogenates of
liver and kidney tissues of the tested doses. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in
ALP of rat serum. The results generally indicated that more potent compounds with better physical properties and enhanced antimicrobial activities upon complexation have been prepared
Connected Operators for the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process
We fully elucidate the structure of the hierarchy of the connected operators
that commute with the Markov matrix of the Totally Asymmetric Exclusion Process
(TASEP). We prove for the connected operators a combinatorial formula that was
conjectured in a previous work. Our derivation is purely algebraic and relies
on the algebra generated by the local jump operators involved in the TASEP.
Keywords: Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, ASEP, Exact Results,
Algebraic Bethe Ansatz.Comment: 10 page
NIGERIA’S ENERGY CHALLENGE AND POWER DEVELOPMENT: THE WAY FORWARD
The ever increasing demand and meager supply of energy in Nigeria has been a great challenge to her development. This situation is becoming critical, with increasing population not balanced by an adequate energy development
programme. The incessant power generation failure has grossly affected the economy, seriously slowing down development in rural and sub-rural settlements,
with present energy policy mainly benefiting urban dwellers. Globally, energy projections stipulate that between 2002 and 2025, global energy needs may rise by
over 34%, with that of developing nations doubling this percentage. A robust solution must be found to end the nation’s energy crises. This Viewpoint compares
the energy potential of Nigeria with the challenges faced. Nigeria receives a huge amount of solar radiation, has abundant wind energy resources, and large deposits
of fossil fuel, as well as enormous hydro-power resources from Niger and Benue Rivers. However, of these about 80% of hydro-power remains untapped, the total 5.5KW-hr/m2/day of solar radiation is not utilized and wind energy resources
remain unexploited. The solution lies in creating a mixed supply of energy in which as yet untapped renewable resources are combined with abundant nonrenewable
fossil fuel, including the massive quantities of gas wasted from crude oil exploitation
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