What makes Boston a "Global" city?

Since the 1980s, globalization has generated a network of key cities that organize and manage global markets. The leading activity of global capitalism has become the financial and advanced professional services that manage the evolving knowledge economy. Numerous public and private entities have been publishing studies that analyze the characteristics of global cities and rank them against the competition. Boston ranks relatively high in many global city ranking studies. Although it is not in the top tier of cities managing the capitalist economy, cities like New York, London, and Tokyo, it is a leader in technological and life sciences innovation, building upon its world-class universities and research institutions and its long-established financial sector. Global cities benchmark reports also indicate performance related to social equity. In this regard, Boston ranks high in economic inequality, indicating the need for policy solutions related to this issue

The island of Kauai, Hawaii's progressive shoreline setback and coastal protection ordinance

Approximately two-thirds of coastal and Great Lakes states have some type of shoreline construction setback or construction control line requiring development to be a certain distance from the shoreline or other coastal feature (OCRM, 2008). Nineteen of 30 coastal states currently use erosion rates for new construction close to the shoreline. Seven states established setback distances based on expected years from the shoreline: the remainder specify a fixed setback distance (Heinz Report, 2000). Following public hearings by the County of Kauai Planning Commission and Kauai County Council, the ‘Shoreline Setback and Coastal Protection Ordinance’ was signed by the Mayor of Kauai on January 25, 2008. After a year of experience implementing this progressive, balanced shoreline setback ordinance several amendments were recently incorporated into the Ordinance (#887; Bill #2319 Draft 3). The Kauai Planning Department is presently drafting several more amendments to improve the effectiveness of the Ordinance. The intent of shoreline setbacks is to establish a buffer zone to protect shorefront development from loss due to coastal erosion - for a period of time; to provide protection from storm waves; to allow the natural dynamic cycles of erosion and accretion of beaches and dunes to occur; to maintain beach and dune habitat; and, to maintain lateral beach access and open space for the enjoyment of the natural shoreline environment. In addition, a primary goal of the Kauai setback ordinance is to avoid armoring or hardening of the shore which along eroding coasts has been documented to ultimately eliminate the fronting beach. (PDF contains 4 pages

A case study of the four-year, eight-year, and twelve-year graduates of the College of Business Administration: an investigation of the correlation between academic and professional experience

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University. Missing page 8

Can humans & coastal landforms co-exist? : proceedings of a workshop held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA January 24, 2001

The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075

Stabilizing dunes and coastal banks using vegetation and bioengineering : proceedings of a workshop held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA

The primary objective of the workshop and these proceedings is to share with a broader audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 100 individuals who attended the third in a series of workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. The workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, MA on February 28, 2002. The individuals who attended the workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying the interaction of human activities with coastal landforms and coastal processes, particularly erosion control related activities. This workshop titled, Stabilizing Dunes and Coastal Banks using Vegetation and Bioengineering, was a natural follow-up to two previous workshops: Can Humans and Coastal Landforms Co-exist, held at WHOI, January 24, 2001 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-2001-14), and Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). This workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific and case history engineering applications of non-structural/bioengineering and coastal vegetation-related erosion control and wildlife habitat enhancement techniques. The history and theory of bioengineering in coastal areas was discussed as well.Funding was provided by Cape Cod Cooperative Extension and SeaGrant at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Matrix Metalloproteinase Activation and Inhibition

Processes leading to the in vitro activation of progelatinase-A, progelatinase-B and procollagenase were examined. Progelatinase-A can be activated by treatment with 4-aminophenyl mercuric acetate or by matrilysin and collagenase. The former induces an intramolecular self-cleavage before further intermolecular cleavages generate the mature enzyme. Whilst matrilysin can process progelatinase-A to the mature form, collagenase can only generate an intermediate by cleaving after N37 in the bait region. This intermediate is identical to that produced by a human tumour cell-line in culture. Gelatinase-A reciprocates the action of collagenase by completing the activation of the latter to generate a form of collagenase with full collagenolytic activity. This has been described as superactivation and is commonly associated with the action of stromelysin. It correlates with the appearance of F81 at the amino-terminus. The C-terminal domain plays no role in catalysis but may be important for in vivo activity. This is particularly evident for collagenase which loses the ability to cleave collagen in its absence. The interaction between collagenase and collagen was shown to be a potential target for designing inhibitors of collagen breakdown. The properties of a series of reversible, competitive hydroxamic acid matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors were studied. Incorporation of a phenylpropyi group in the P1' position produced inhibitors with picomolar affinities for the gelatinases and discriminated against collagenase and matrilysin and other classes of zinc metallopeptidases. The high affinity of these inhibitors for gelatinase-A was shown to derive from a combination of diffusion limited association rates and very slow dissociation rates. Methods were developed to allow the study of the pharmacokinetic properties of these inhibitors. Chemical modifications at the P2’ and P3’ positions were shown to result in inhibitors with oral bioavailabilities of greater than 30% in the mouse

Coastal Landform System Sustainability Project : an analysis of activities permitted on coastal landforms on Cape Cod, Massachusetts in 1999

In their natural state, the coastal landform systems of Cape Cod are self-sustaining. However, recognition that humans have become intrinsic agents in the evolution of coastal landscapes is significant. There is a great need to understand how individual actions on a small scale (lot-by-lot) basis affect the sustainability of coastal landform systems, such as coastal dunes, beaches, coastal banks, barrier beaches, saltmarshes, and coastal floodplains. However, there are few investigations relative to this scale. This study illustrates the vast extent of human alterations to coastal landforms on Cape Cod. As a result of analyzing 318 Orders of Conditions issued for activities permitted on and adjacent to coastal landforms in all 15 Cape Cod towns in 1999, it documents and quantifies the gains and losses to coastal landform system sustainability. The study documents the types of activities presently taking place on and adjacent to our coastal landforms and their potential affects, and potential mitigation being required by local commissions to minimize these affects. It also documents the trade-offs and balances oftentimes necessary in the application of performance standard based regulations governing activities proposed on coastal landforms. Because our quantitative understanding of coastal landform function is still evolving, particularly on a small-scale lot-by-lot basis, many decisions are oftentimes made using best professional judgement (if available) without predictive capability to know what the impact will be to the applicant's or neighboring property and resources. It is hoped that the results of this study will assist local, state, and federal coastal resource managers and regulators, as well as the public, in gaining insight into the interactions of human activities and natural coastal landform system function leading towards improved coastal resource management. The project participants stated that during the course of this study the sharing of information among them was invaluable. It is hoped that the sharing of information in this study with a broader audience will also be utilized for improved coastal landform system management