Engineering simulation evaluation of the two-segment noise abatement approach in the Douglas DC-8-61

The development and operational evaluation are discussed of a noise abatement two-segment approach which is safe and operationally acceptable for routine use in air carrier service. An engineering simulation evaluation was conducted; it was found that the entry speed and initial configuration are more important in the DC-8-61 than in the 727 because of the DC-8's aerodynamic cleanliness and drag programming constraints. It was also found that the altitude required for the DC-8 upper and lower transitions is less than the 727 transitions principally due to the pitching moment from the underslung DC-8 engines as compared to the 727 engines which produce no pitching moment with a change in thrust. The 727 approach was a reduced flaps (30 degrees) procedure with a 10-knot airspeed bleed in the lower transition; the DC-8 approach is a full flaps (50 degrees) procedure with constant airspeed established as soon as possible after upper segment transition

How equitable is vocational rehabilitation in Sweden? A review of evidence on the implementation of a national policy framework

Purpose. Under the national framework law in Sweden, all eligible people should have equal chances of receiving vocational rehabilitation. We aimed to review the evidence on (1) whether access to vocational rehabilitation is equitable in practice and (2) whether the outcomes vary for different groups in the population. Method. Systematic review of studies in Sweden that reported diagnostic or socio-demographic characteristics of people offered or taking up rehabilitation programmes and outcomes of such programmes for different diagnostic and socio-demographic groups. Searches of 11 relevant electronic databases, 15 organisational websites, citation searching and contact with experts in the field, for the period 1990–2009. Results. A total of 11 studies were included in the final review, six of which addressed review question (1) and seven addressed review question (2). All the six observational studies of access reported biased selection into vocational rehabilitation: greater likelihood for men, younger people, those with longer-term sick leave, those with lower income, employed rather than unemployed people and those with musculoskeletal and mental disorders or alcohol abuse. Having had a rehabilitation investigation also increased the likelihood of receiving vocational rehabilitation. Differential outcome of rehabilitation was reported in seven studies: outcomes were better for men, younger people, employed individuals, those with shorter sick leave and those with higher income. Selection into vocational rehabilitation was perceived as important for successful outcomes, but success also depended on the state of the local labour market. Conclusions. There is evidence of socio-demographic differences in access to and outcomes of vocational rehabilitation in Sweden, even though the national framework law is meant to apply to everyone. Few studies have deliberately measured differential access or outcomes, and there is a need for this kind of equity analysis of population-wide policies. Studies evaluating the effects of vocational rehabilitation must consider selection into the programmes for adequate interpretation of impact results

Europska udruga novinskih agencija (EANA)

EANA is registered at the Trade Register in Berne, Switzerland as a non-profit membership association. EANA was founded 49 years ago and at the 2006 General Assembly in connection with a seminar we will celebrate our 50th anniversary in late September in Montreux, Switzerland. EANA has 30 European news agencies as its members. Together they represent 30 European countries with a total population of about 750 million people. This means that the EANA member agencies provide news and other information to newspapers, broadcasters etc with an impressive total circulation. HINA is a member since 1993. EANA serves as a professional forum for exchange of experiences and know-how by organising seminars via a newsletter etc. The EANA operations are financed via membership fees. In our Mission Statement we stress that news agencies working in accordance with the principles of press freedom and unbiased news are of major importance to the democratic society. We are convinced that such news agencies are of vital importance for the development of a media landscape that citizens can rely on for information about economy, politics, sports or whatever. Therefore our statutes also say that the EANA member agencies shall support the principles of press freedom and unbiased news. We stress that news agencies need a healthy environment abounding in freedom of the press, fair competition and simple and basic rules to operate. In a memo on how to develop EANA approved by a General Assembly it is stressed that it is in the interest of EANA to have agencies in transition as members and to assist these member agencies in their ambition to develop unbiased news services based on the principles of freedom of the press. Copyright for news services are of paramount importance to secure a business climate that ensures that news agencies can fulfill their role. The importance of these rights is stressed by the technological transformation including that it creates a world without boarders. It is essential that legislation on all levels concerning intellectual property rights recognises the intellectual and financial efforts invested by news agencies gathering all kinds of news. Unauthorised use of news agency services undermines news agency operations.EANA je upisana u Trgovački registar u Bernu u Švicarskoj, kao neprofitna udruga svojih članova. Utemeljena je prije 49 godina. Članice EANA-e su novinska agencija iz 30 europskih zemalja. Hina je članica od 1993. Organizacijom seminara, člancima u svojem mjesečniku Newsletteru i na druge načine EANA služi kao profesionalni forum za razmjenu iskustava i znanja. Djelovanje EANA-e financira se članarinom. U ciljevima EANA-e ističe se da su novinske agencije koje djeluju u skladu s načelima slobodnih medija i nepristranog izvještavanja, presudne za demokratsko društvo. Uvjereni smo da su takve agencije životno važne i za razvoj medijskog prostora u kojem se građani mogu pouzdati u informacije o gospodarstvu, politici, sportu i svemu drugome. Zato se i u Statutu EANA-e ističe da će agencija podupirati načela slobode medija i nepristranog izvještavanja. Ističemo da novinska agencija trebaju zdravo okruženje koje se temelji na slobodi medija, poštenoj tržišnoj utakmici i jednostavnim i temeljnim pravilima djelovanja. U dokumentu o razvoju EANA-e, koji je prihvatila Opća skupština, ističe se da je u interesu EANA-e prihvatiti u članstvo agencije zemlje u pretvorbi i pomoći im u njihovu nastojanju da razviju nepristrani servis vijesti temeljen na načelu slobode medija. Za novinsku agenciju, neprocjenjivo je važno pitanje pravne zaštite servisa vijesti, čime se osigurava poslovno okruženje koje agencijama omogućuje obaviti zadaće. Važnost toga povećana je tehnološkim promjenama, uključujući one koje su stvorile svijet bez granica. Bitno je da zakonska zaštita intelektualnog vlasništva na svim razinama prizna intelektualni i financijski ulog koji su novinske agencije učinile u prikupljanju svih vrsta vijesti. Neovlašteno korištenje servisa vijesti potkopava poslovanje agencija

Imposing a Deadline on the IRS: Artificial Intelligence Tries to Beat \u27Starcraft\u27 While the IRS Tries to Regulate Virtual Currency

Virtual currencies demanded serious attention in 2017 due to public interest, media attention, and investor appetite. With this increased attention on virtual currencies comes significant business, legal, and tax risks. This article serves as a launching pad for those tax risks, and attempts to predict how the IRS will react. By focusing on the IRS’s treatment of virtual currency as property, as well as discussing other tax issues like Foreign Bank Account Reporting (FBAR) compliance and like-kind exchanges under Internal Revenue Code section 1031, this article highlights the difficulty the IRS will have in regulating the ever-expanding world of virtual currencies and crypto assets. While no silver bullet is currently available to the IRS, allowing virtual currencies to be classified as property ends up creating more questions than it does answers. This article explores those questions

Targeting Drones: Framing, Vetting, and Power in Transnational Advocacy Issue Networks

Existing international relations literature shows that coherent messaging by advocacy networks is a key component for successful transnational mobilization around human security issues. However, traditional models of transnational advocacy do not fully explain how activists working against armed drones have mobilized over the past two decades. This dissertation explores the case of a transnational advocacy coalition that – despite efforts to do so – was unable to coalesce around a central message: the anti-drone issue network. I ask two interrelated questions: 1) Why have international anti-drone activists not been able to overcome disagreements over framings? and more broadly, 2) How do actors with differing levels of geopolitical power navigate a transnational human security network? Drawing on an original text and picture dataset of 300 anti-drone advocacy documents, 38 in-depth interviews with key informants, and multi-sited fieldwork, I argue that distinct exertions of power by specific, geographically disparate actors affected the overall issue network’s ability to cohere around a unifying frame. Specifically, partnering decisions at every level of the network were impacted by an original concept that I call “inverse vetting” – a process through which less materially and geographically powerful network actors legitimize the advocacy framings of more powerful groups by partnering with them or not. I demonstrate this argument through three empirical chapters that examine different levels of the transnational advocacy network against drones. In the first empirical chapter, I focus on the most powerful actors in the network: international non-governmental organizations that lobby international organizations. I then analyze US-based activists who primarily petition their own government over its drone policies. The last empirical chapter examines a violence-affected segment of the anti-drone network in Pakistan. Each of these chapters explore how power is operative in transnational advocacy networks through the mechanism of inverse vetting. I argue that inverse vetting demonstrates how actors who are traditionally considered the least enfranchised members of a network can affect the overall coherency of an advocacy campaign by making their voices and interests heard

The Role of YouTube in the Digitalization of TV: A Case Study of Novel Value Co-creation Practices at United Screens

Research has shown how incumbent firms in content- based industries (e.g. music, news and photography) were radically affected by digitalization as powerful digital platforms emerged as new loci of innovation. While scholars have suggested that digital technology calls for novel organizing logics and value creation processes, there is a need for further knowledge of what characterizes them, and how they emerge in practice. In addressing this gap we studied United Screens, a firm that capitalizes on the digitalization of video contents by managing major YouTubers and connecting them with advertisers. The study shows how United Screens leverages the layered modularity of digital product architectures for new constellation- based modes of value co-creation. Overall, the paper contributes to research on digital innovation by shedding light on how a novel actor category champions content-driven value creation, an underexplored aspect of digital platform ecosystems

Peripheral visual response time to colored stimuli imaged on the horizontal meridian

Two male observers were administered a binocular visual response time task to small (45 min arc), flashed, photopic stimuli at four dominant wavelengths (632 nm red; 583 nm yellow; 526 nm green; 464 nm blue) imaged across the horizontal retinal meridian. The stimuli were imaged at 10 deg arc intervals from 80 deg left to 90 deg right of fixation. Testing followed either prior light adaptation or prior dark adaptation. Results indicated that mean response time (RT) varies with stimulus color. RT is faster to yellow than to blue and green and slowest to red. In general, mean RT was found to increase from fovea to periphery for all four colors, with the curve for red stimuli exhibiting the most rapid positive acceleration with increasing angular eccentricity from the fovea. The shape of the RT distribution across the retina was also found to depend upon the state of light or dark adaptation. The findings are related to previous RT research and are discussed in terms of optimizing the color and position of colored displays on instrument panels

Engineering simulation development and evaluation of the two-segment noise abatement approach conducted in the B-727-222 flight simulator

Profile modification as a means of reducing ground level noise from jet aircraft in the landing approach is evaluated. A flight simulator was modified to incorporate the cockpit hardware which would be in the prototype airplane installation. The two-segment system operational and aircraft interface logic was accurately emulated in software. Programs were developed to permit data to be recorded in real time on the line printer, a 14-channel oscillograph, and an x-y plotter. The two-segment profile and procedures which were developed are described with emphasis on operational concepts and constraints. The two-segment system operational logic and the flight simulator capabilities are described. The findings influenced the ultimate system design and aircraft interface