TIME MANAGEMENT, PEER INFLUENCE AND STUDY HABITS AS CORRELATES OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN PRIVATE CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN ARCHDIOCESE

Many adolescents begin school with a thirst for Learning. They keenly and inquisitively hunt for new or challenging tasks. Therefore, it can be extrapolated that adolescents begin school intrinsically motivated. However, over time, this thirst for learning, and hunger for academic achievement wane drastically, owing to factors such as low intelligent quotient, Lack of mechanism to act purposefully, inability to think rationally, inadvertent handling of academic tasks, poor time managcm1'11t, poor study habit and negative peer influence among others. In the Light of rids perspecrive, this study investigated time management, peer influence, and srudy habits as correlates of academic achievement motivation among adolescents in private catholic secondary schools in lbadan archdiocese.' Using a descriptive survey, a sample of 400 students were randomly drawn from four private catholic secondary schools in lbadan archdiocese. Four validated instruments were used. Also three research questions were raised and three hypotheses generated. Test of stat/sties used to test the research- questions and hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance were Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results show that there is relationship between the variables (independent and dependent) · (r = .229, p<0.05) identified in the study. The independent variables (time m(IIICIX('mt•nt, peer influence and stud\' habi1 significant and relative contributiw· <ffect ( F(3,396) = 9.356; R ·= .251 .066, Adj. R2 = 0.59; P < .05) tm tlw academic achievement motiva; adolescents in private catlwlif ,\'t't'otulary schools in lbadan Arclu. (dependent variable) with study habit contributing the most anG management the least (Time MmlfliWIIIIJIII (fJ = -. 139, P <. 05), Study Hab .243, P .05). Based on thejindin study recommended that school HoinJ: adolescents should be given nee support, attention and dlrt•crion by tilt• school authorities, parents a. society to stimulate their desire to attain actldemic success in school. Keywords: Time Management, Peer Influence, Study Habits, Ace Achievement Motivation, Adolescents, Private Catholic Secondary Students, lbadan Archdioces

Microanatomical Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Cola Nitida on the Stomach Mucosa of Adult Wistar Rats

The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n=5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups' vis-à-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida at 600mg/kg body weight can cause gastric lesion in animals. This lesion may be pronounced if the administration continued for days. Cola nitida should, therefore, be taken with caution to avoid gastric complications