Protective and Ameliorating Effects of Methanolic Seed Extract of Mucuna Pruriens on Paraquat Induced Testicular Damage

Paraquat has been known to induce damage to the testes and ovaries in different animals. This study evaluated the protective and ameliorating effects of methanolic seed extract of Mucuna pruriens (MSEMP) on paraquat induced testicular damage. Healthy adult male Albino Wistar rats received paraquat alone, or paraquat and MSEMP together. All substrates were administered orally. Results obtained showed that mean epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were reduced (p<0.05), in addition to alterations in sperm morphologies in all rats that received paraquat alone in a duration dependent manner. However, all parameters were improved in groups treated with paraquat and MSEMP together. Histological investigations of the testes revealed necrotic testicular tissue, with testicular atrophy, loss of sperm bundles and scanty spermatocytes in all rats that received paraquat alone. However, Co- and post-treatment of the animals with MSEMP following oral administration of paraquat showed protective and ameliorative characteristics. One of the possible mechanisms that could be attributed to this observation would be the action of L-Dopa present in Mucuna pruriens, although complete mechanism of action of these effects is not yet clear and calls for further investigation. Keywords: Testosterone, Sperm count, L-Dopa

An Investigation on the Relationship between Facial Emotional Recognition and Tendency to Commit Crime; Moderating the Effects of Socio-Economic Well- Being

The growth of crime rates are on the increase all over the world and Niger ia is not an exception Crime the intentional illegal action committed by any person for which such a person can punish by law does not have a definite cause but rather combination of causes which may include economic situatio n social environment personality traits and family structures This study investigates if socioeconomic wellbeing has a mediating effect on relationship between facial emotional recognition and the tendency to commit crime among hospital workers in Imo state A total of 150 75 males and 75 females workers were randomly selected to participate in this study Three instruments were used in this study which includes Criminal Behaviour Rating Scale CBRS developed by Animasahun 2011 Socio-economic wellbeing scale developed by Obi-Nwosu 2018 and Facial emotion scale developed by Paul Ekman The willing participants after signing the consent form were provided with copies of the questionnaires which were distributed and directives of how to fill them was given by the researcher The researcher explained the content of the questionnaire and this helped the participants to easily fill the questionnaires independently As participants turned in their questionnaires the researcher administered the facial emotion recognition test to them individually repelling and discouraging interference from participants who were waiting to be assessed After collecting the data the questionnaires were collated and the data collected analyzed The Pearson s correlation was used to analyze the dat

Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency and Their Effect on Oxidative Stress

Objective: Though the relationship between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported, their interaction to influence oxidative stress is not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between T2D and G6PD deficiency and assessed their effect on oxidative stress. Methodology: A total of 73 T2D and 75 non-diabetic (ND) out-patients at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) in Enugu, Nigeria were recruited. They were screened for G6PD deficiency, oxidative stress markers; lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were assayed. Results: Oxidative stress was influenced by T2D as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl and HbA1c levels were significantly higher (p0.05) interaction between G6PD deficiency and T2D to influence oxidative stress in patients. Conclusion: The interaction between G6PD deficiency and T2D did not influence oxidative stress though there was a possible relationship between G6PD deficiency and T2D in male patients.This study was partially supported by the competitive research grant of Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu Nigeria.Published onlin

IMPACT OF NYSCS SKILL ACQUISITION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ON JOB CREATION IN ABUJA, NIGERIA

This research examined graduates’ unemployment reduction in Abuja, using the NYSC’s Skill Acquisition and Entrepreneurship Development (SAED) Programme as a case in point. The study adopted a descriptive approach, and anchored on the Oxenfeldt’s refugee effects theory which states that unemployment drives youth to self-employment. The study revealed that SAED programme has contributed to 35% business employment for those who completed the post-camp training. Findings also show that corps members participate in the in-camp training. However, there seems to be a very sharp decline in participation between the in-camp and post camp segments of the programme as very few participates in the post-camp exercise where the main skill acquisition training is expected to take place. The reduction in number in the post-camp training is occasioned by some challenges ranging from unconducive training/seminar venues, attitude of trainers, inadequate time etc. which leads to loss of interest in the programme. This is coupled with the fact that the post camp training attracts payment, and the NYSC is not actually involved in the negotiation of the terms of engagement of the corps members with the trainers in the post-camp training. More still, training centres do not exist in all the areas especially in the remote ones. It is against this backdrop that the study recommends that for effective and efficient skill acquisition and participation of corps members both in the in-camp and post-camp training exercise, adequate sensitization, conducive training environment, quality lectures/trainings, availability of skill acquisition centres, accessibility to credit facilities, and that NYSC should be involved in negotiation and monitoring of skill acquisition training programmes in the post-camp exercises among others.JEL: L20; L23; O15  Article visualizations

Transmesenteric (Internal) Hernia with an Ileal Volvulus in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract: Introduction: Transmesenteric hernia describes an internal abdominal herniation through an opening in the mesentery. It is a very rare finding especially in pregnant women.Case Report: We report a case of acute intestinal obstruction in a 30-year-old pregnant woman with a rare finding of transmesenteric hernia and gangrenous ileal volvulus at exploration. Despite a delay due to a precipitated labour and delivery successfully managed her.Conclusion: Clinicians when faced with similar features in a pregnant woman should consider transmesenteric hernia

Seek and You Shall Find—Retrieval of a Retained Fractured Intravenous Cannula by Z-Plasty Incision: A Case Report

Peripheral venous cannulation is a common invasive procedure. Fracture of an intravenous cannula is rare and an under-reported complication of peripheral venous cannulation. Embolization of the intravenous fragment into the central venous system is potentially fatal. Urgent surgical retrieval, which is performed through a transverse or longitudinal incision, is the treatment of choice. We herein present the use of Z-plasty incision for the retrieval of a retained fractured peripheral intravenous cannula in a 61-year-old Nigerian man on hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. The major benefits of this innovation are facilitation of access for exploration and prevention of joint contracture

Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against Bisphenol A‐induced testicular mitochondrial damages

Abstract There has been increasing search for the ameliorative properties of seed oils against toxicants. bisphenol A acts as an estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting chemical capable of causing male infertility. This study aimed to explore Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil effects against mitochondrial damage in rats using bisphenol A. Forty‐eight rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6) of eight rats each and fed the same food and water for 6 weeks. The group A rats were given 1 mL olive oil, while the ones in group B were given bisphenol A at 100 mL/kg body weight via oral route. Group C received C. mannii seed oil 7.5 mL/kg body weight C. mannii seed oil, while group D, group E, and group F were pre‐administered bisphenol A at 100 mL/kg body weight, followed by treatment with C. mannii seed oil at 7.5, 5, and 2.5 mL/kg body weight, respectively. Antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, reactive oxygen species, testicular volume, malondialdehyde, body weight, and testicular studies were done using standard methods. The results of the bisphenol A‐administered group showed a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, body weight, and testicular volume with elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and testicular indices. BPA + CMSO‐treated group showed a significant increase in GPx activity compared with BPA‐exposed rats. CMSO treatment significantly increased catalase activity in comparison with that of rats exposed to BPA. Remarkably, C. mannii seed oil and bisphenol A co‐administration significantly reversed the abnormalities observed in the dysregulated biochemical biomarkers. Our findings suggest that C. mannii seed oil has considerable antioxidant potential which can be explored in therapeutic development against systemic toxicity induced by exposure to bisphenol A. Cucumeropsis mannii seed oil protects against bisphenol A‐induced testicular mitochondria damages

An Assessment of Ovarian Cancer Histotypes Across the African Diaspora

ObjectiveOvarian cancer in Black women is common in many West African countries but is relatively rare in North America. Black women have worse survival outcomes when compared to White women. Ovarian cancer histotype, diagnosis, and age at presentation are known prognostic factors for outcome. We sought to conduct a preliminary comparative assessment of these factors across the African diaspora. MethodsPatients diagnosed with ovarian cancer (all histologies) between June 2016-December 2019 in Departments of Pathology at 25 participating sites in Nigeria were identified. Comparative population-based data, inclusive of Caribbean-born Blacks (CBB) and US-born Blacks (USB), were additionally captured from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and Florida Cancer Data Systems. Histology, country of birth, and age at diagnosis data were collected and evaluated across the three subgroups: USB, CBB and Nigerians. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square and student's t-test with significance set at pResultsNigerians had the highest proportion of germ cell tumor (GCT, 11.5%) and sex-cord stromal (SCST, 16.2%) ovarian cancers relative to CBB and USB (p=0.001). CBB (79.4%) and USB (77.3%) women were diagnosed with a larger proportion of serous ovarian cancer than Nigerians (60.4%) (p<0.0001). Nigerians were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancers at the youngest age (51.7 +/- 12.8 years) relative to USB (58.9 +/- 15.0) and CBB (59.0 +/- 13.0,p<0.001). Black women [CBB (25.2 +/- 15.0), Nigerians (29.5 +/- 15.1), and USB (33.9 +/- 17.9)] were diagnosed with GCT younger than White women (35.4 +/- 20.5, p=0.011). Black women [Nigerians (47.5 +/- 15.9), USB (50.9 +/- 18.3) and CBB (50.9 +/- 18.3)] were also diagnosed with SCST younger than White women (55.6 +/- 16.5, p<0.01). ConclusionThere is significant variation in age of diagnosis and distribution of ovarian cancer histotype/diagnosis across the African diaspora. The etiology of these findings requires further investigation