A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY BRITISH AND FRENCH COLONIAL SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON WEST AFRICA

This research discussed colonialism's impact on West African countries, precisely Nigeria and Senegal. While it was proved that the effects were both positive and negative, emphasis was laid on the adverse effects of colonialism by the British and French. It was noticed that Africans were affected politically, socially, culturally and religiously. The Colonizers used direct and indirect rule for Senegal and Nigeria respectively. The analysis revealed the present state of these African countries and how they are still suffering from the negative impacts of colonialism which has hindered their growth over the years. During the colonial era, African countries were exploited. They were made to produce raw materials to facilitate industrialization in Europe at the detriment of the development of the African continent, thus making them major consumers of manufactured products and key distributors of raw materials to countries abroad; this is still a trend in recent time as both countries are monoculture economically. Nigeria keeps deteriorating in almost every sector even though they are amongst leading suppliers of petroleum. The work concludes by showing that the various ruling methods turn Senegalese into Frenchmen while Nigeria has recorded diverse riots and wars. The research recommended that: the United Nations should facilitate actions on payment of reparation to West Africans; the teaching of Africans’ cultural and traditional norms and values in schools to bring back the lost culture of the people should be imbibed; Africans should trade within themselves more to strengthen their economic values, circulate their products to reduce importation of good from foreign countries

Effect of Think-Pair-Share Instructional Strategy on Secondary School Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Financial Accounting in Abia State

This study determined the effect of think-pair-share instructional strategy on students’ academic achievement and retention in financial accounting in secondary schools in Abia State. Four research questions guided the study and four null hypotheses were tested. Quasi-experimental research design specifically, pre-test post-test non-equivalent control group design was adopted for the study. Population was 846 senior secondary two (SS2) Financial accounting students in Abia. A purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 78 senior secondary two (SS2) financial accounting students. Financial Accounting Achievement Test (FAAT) and adapted Academic Self-efficacy Scale (ASS) was used for data collection. The face and content validity of the instruments were established using three experts in the field of Business Education and Measurement and Evaluation. Kudder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) was used to establish the reliability of FAAT while Cronbach Alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of academic self-efficacy scale. Reliability coefficients of 0.92 and 0.79 were obtained. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Some of the findings of the study revealed that the think-pair-share instructional strategy is more effective in enhancing students’ academic achievement and retention ability of students in financial accounting when compared to the conventional teaching method. Furthermore, there were significant difference in the achievement and retention of students taught financial accounting using think-pair-share strategy and those taught with conventional method. The researchers recommended among others that, financial accounting teachers should use more of think-pair-share instructional strategy in their instructional delivery in order to enable students actively participate in classroom teaching and learning process. &nbsp

Towards More Effective Vocationalisation of Business Education in Universities in South East of Nigeria

The objective of the study was to ascertain the extent of vocationalization, of business education in universities in South East zone of Nigeria where lecture method dominated lesson delivery. Students had become more passive and engaged in lots of endless hard work. It could hardly be easy to state the differences between business education practices and other education deliveries in this study, which is a descriptive survey, the researchers, had to randomly select 240 final year students from four of the universities in the zone. A 30 – item structured questionnaire, validated and reliable, was distributed and analyzes for the study. Findings indicated students dissatisfaction with level of skills taught and absence of interactive relationship practices at classes, lack of study-driven relationships models and poor use of reflective and contextual approaches. Computer based material were insufficient, time for studies was not enough and the restructuring of the curriculum to reflect a more effective teaching method than the lecture method. More relationships and more use of reflections, models and contexts in teachin

EFFECTIVENESS OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS ON STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT IN FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

The current study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of PowerPoint presentations on students’ cognitive achievements in Financial Accounting. Senior secondary school students offering Financial Accounting in the North-East Senatorial District of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were used for the study. A quasi-experimental research design using non-randomised pre-test and post-test control groups was adopted. The sample for the study consisted of 176 SS2 students drawn from four intact classes of four secondary schools in the study area. The Financial Accounting Achievement Test (FAAT)with a reliability coefficient of 0.85 was used for data collection. The obtained data were analysed using mean and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Interpreted results showed that students taught Financial Accounting using PowerPoint presentations had a higher cognitive gain that those taught using the traditional methods. Based on the findings of the study, the study recommends among others, the use of teaching methods that enhance higher student gains, especially in the 21st-century learning classroom where teaching methods are becoming ubiquitous

Impact force of melon seeds during shelling

Melon seeds are shelled in a rotating impeller – a type of machine to obtain the cotyledons.  The seeds exit the impeller and impact a cylindrical ring shelling the seeds.  Because of the impact force, some of the seeds are broken, which would deteriorate in storage and make lower market value.  An analytical method was used to determine the factors affecting the impact force on the ring.  Experimental compression tests were carried out to determine the static force for breaking melon seeds.  Some seeds were also shelled with an experimental shelling machine and the number of broken seeds was counted. Analysis results showed that the factors affecting the impact force were impeller speed, seed cross-section area at impact and mass ratio.  The mean forces for breaking melon seeds were 13.14×10-3 N, 19.62×10-3 N and 19.55×10-3 N for orientations of breadthwise, lengthwise with tip up and lengthwise with tip down respectively.Keywords: impact force, melon seeds, shelling, analysis Citation: Okokon F. B., E. Ekpenyong, C. Nwaukwa, N. Akpan, and F. I. Abam.  Impact force of melon seeds during shelling.  Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(1): 182-188.&nbsp

Sultones and Sultines via a Julia-Kocienski Reaction of Epoxides

We thank the EPSRC/Syngenta for a CASE Ph.D. Studentship (to G.M.T.S. under grant EP/J50029X/1), the EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility at Swansea University and the EPSRC UK National Crystallography Service Facility at Southampton University.37 We are indebted to Andrew Plant and Janice Black (Syngenta) for the initial suggestion of using the combination of LiN(SiMe3)2/CH2Cl2 and Matthew Reid (Syngenta) for NMR assistance

Prebiotic synthesis of phosphoenol pyruvate by α-phosphorylation-controlled triose glycolysis

Phosphoenol pyruvate is the highest-energy phosphate found in living organisms and is one of the most versatile molecules in metabolism. Consequently, it is an essential intermediate in a wide variety of biochemical pathways, including carbon fixation, the shikimate pathway, substrate-level phosphorylation, gluconeogenesis and glycolysis. Triose glycolysis (generation of ATP from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate via phosphoenol pyruvate) is among the most central and highly conserved pathways in metabolism. Here, we demonstrate the efficient and robust synthesis of phosphoenol pyruvate from prebiotic nucleotide precursors, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde. Furthermore, phosphoenol pyruvate is derived within an α-phosphorylation controlled reaction network that gives access to glyceric acid 2-phosphate, glyceric acid 3-phosphate, phosphoserine and pyruvate. Our results demonstrate that the key components of a core metabolic pathway central to energy transduction and amino acid, sugar, nucleotide and lipid biosyntheses can be reconstituted in high yield under mild, prebiotically plausible conditions