Collaboration among teachers in inclusive special education program classrooms

Collaboration between teachers and special education teachers is a vital factor in ensuring the success of the implementation of the Inclusive Education Programs especially in the teaching and learning aspects. Until 2016, there is no detailed document or information regarding how the collaboration is conducted or implemented in the inclusive classrooms. Therefore, this study is aimed to explore how collaboration is conducted and implemented in the Inclusive Special Education Program classrooms, particularly identifying the stage of collaboration the school are at and approach used in the inclusive classrooms. To achieve this, a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument for this study and it is conducted on 53 schools and 441 participants including headmasters, senior assistant principals for special education teachers, subject teachers and special education teacher. Results showed that most of the participants are at the “Starting a partnership” stage (mean score = 4.165, SD = 0.797). The type of collaboration approach that are usually being used is the “collaboration-consultation” approach (mean score = 4.10, SD = 0.721). This suggests that more action is needed to ensure the successful implementation of an inclusive program. This is because without done the recommended steps of collaboration, the inclusive may not carried out effectively. A successful inclusive classroom also can be achieved through multiple approaches of collaboration are implemented. Therefore, knowledge about steps and approaches of collaboration should be knowledgeable to general, special education teacher and also school administrators

Urdu text steganography: Utilizing isolated letters

This paper presents an imperceptible and high capacity feature based approach which hides a secret message into Urdu text cover media by utilising all isolated letters. Existing techniques are less imperceptible and also not robust against steganalysis attacks and some of these schemes are failed to provide the better capacity rates. Previous lexical based and syntax based schemes are ineffective to provide the better capacity rate and image based approaches are not robust against format attacks. Moreover, Feature based approaches are more perceptible and thus, cannot resist against visual attacks. This paper proposes an improved algorithm that encompasses all isolated letters of Urdu text for hiding data to provide better capacity rates. Furthermore, this technique is more secured by using strong public key encryption algorithm. In addition, scheme is also imperceptible, since it does not affect the external appearance of the text. Implementation shows that the proposed text steganography technique provides high concealing capacity

Voltage instability analysis for electrical power system using voltage stabilty margin and modal analysis

Voltage instability analysis in electric power system is one of the most important factors in order to maintain the equilibrium of the power system. A power system is said to be unstable if the system is not able to maintain the voltage at all buses in the system remain unchanged after the system is being subjected to a disturbance.The research work presented in this paper is about the analysis of voltage instability of electric power system by using voltage stability margin (VSM), load real power (P) margin, reactive power (Q) margin, reactive power-voltage (QV) and real power-voltage (PV) modal analysis. IEEE 30-bus system has been chosen as the power system. The load flow analysis are simulated by using Power World Simulator software version 16. Both QV and PV modal analysis were done by using MATLAB application software

Assessment of Olfactory Fossa Depth based on Keros Classification using Computerised tomography (Ct) in Age Groups of Both Genders

Objective: Keros classification based assessment of olfactory fossa depth in different age groups of both genders using computerized tomography (CT) Methodology: Cross sectional study done at Ziauddin university, Clifton, Karachi. Sample size was 270 adults including 160 males & 110 females. The assessment of depth of Olfactory fossa was carried out by measuring the height of lateral lamella of cribriform plate on CT images. Result: Olfactory fossa of 270 patients from both sides of both genders were classified according to Keros classification. We found Type II to be the most frequent on both sides in both genders. No significant difference in olfactory fossa depth was found when compared in different age groups. Conclusion: The present study shows that vast majority of the population comes under Keros type II & type III thus emphasizing the need of pre-operative radiological assessment. Association of right & left olfactory fossa depth in different age groups was found to be insignificant

Spectrum of Malignant and Non-Malignant Hematological Disorders in a Tertiary Care Centre

Objective: To analyze the spectrum of malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders in our setup. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Pathology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from 1st January -2016 to 30th December-2016. A total 352 patients underwent bone marrow biopsy during study period. About 15 patients had inadequate aspirate samples that were unfit for opinion. So these were excluded from the study. The remaining of 337 patients were included in the study. All patients of both sexes and all ages were included in the study. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was done, the slides were stained, examined and diagnosis was recorded. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16 and results were drawn accordingly. Results: Among total 337 patients, there were 185 (55%) male and 152 (45%) females. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. The median age of participants was 26 years and range was 9 months -72 years, (mean age was 36±17.8 years). Regarding pattern of hematological illnesses, commonest non-malignant disorder was Megaloblastic anemia. Among malignant hematological illnesses, frequent disorder was Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Conclusion: Megaloblastic anemia, Hemolytic anemia, and Aplastic anemia are common non-malignant hematological disorders in our setup. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma are common malignant hematological disorders in our set up.&nbsp

An insight into Principle and Practice of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

Proper visualization of the eye structures is the hallmark of diagnosis in eye diseases. With advent of newer techniques and instruments, the significance of anterior segment eye structures is further elaborated. This article explores the basic working principle of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and also provides a list of commonly available instruments and their advantages over one another. It then sheds light upon the use of anterior segment OCT in the observation of cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and other anatomic structures of eye within the living subject. Anterior segment OCT is also helpful in the demonstration of dynamics involving aqueous flow system. The application of this advanced technique in diagnosis of dry eye disease, keratoconus, anterior segment eye tumors and other diseases is also explained. The examination of normal cornea along with all its layers is possible with anterior segment OCT and it can also point out any abnormality in corneal epithelium, edema or any other change that may occur after intra ocular lens placement or corneal transplantation. Anterior chamber angle measurement is an essential step in the diagnosis of angle closure glaucoma and quite accurate results are provided by this technique. The data was searched from PubMed and Google Scholar, from the articles published during 2014 and 2020, using the keywords “optical coherence tomography”, “glaucoma” and “anterior segment of eye”. A few of the limitations of OCT are also discussed along with the future perspectives of this powerful instrument. Keywords: Anterior Eye Segment; Optical Coherence Tomography; Glaucoma; Anterior Chamber Angle

Ocean currents break up a tabular iceberg

In December 2020, giant tabular iceberg A68a (surface area 3900 km 2 ) broke up in open ocean much deeper than its keel, indicating that the breakage was not immediately caused by collision with the seafloor. Giant icebergs with lengths exceeding 18.5 km account for most of the calved ice mass from the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Upon calv - ing, they drift away and transport freshwater into the Southern Ocean, modifying ocean circulation, disrupting sea ice and the marine biosphere, and potentially triggering changes in climate. Here, we demonstrate that the A68a breakup event may have been triggered by ocean-current shear, a new breakup mechanism not previously reported. We also introduce methods to represent giant icebergs within climate models that currently do not have any representation of them. These methods open opportunities to explore the interactions between icebergs and other components of the climate system and will improve the fidelity of global climate simulation

Students, perception of computer assisted teaching and learning of anat- omy-in a scenario where cadavers are lacking

Abstract Computer software program for three dimensional (3D) modeling of anatomical structures in the human body that presents detailed and step by step cadaver dissections can be used for computer assisted teaching and learning of anatomy. Anatomical drawing, models, skeletons, and live demonstrations supplement the classroom learning environment. It can provide detailed human anatomical training for students, where there is a lack of cadaver facility. The multimedia equipped interactive Anatomical laboratory software's enhance both memorization and visual learning skill and has been shown to be an effective teaching aid (Guy & Frisby, 1992), they will improve imaging data analysis and so represent a major advance in determining prognosis and therapeutic strategy. THE AIM of the study is to survey student's opinion/perception on the use of computer assisted classes for teaching anatomy and to determine the place of computer in the teaching-learning process of anatomy to bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students, as whether they can replace or substitute cadavers. A questionnaire model was given to MBBS students. While studying anatomy, the students accessed a room equipped with computers containing previously loaded anatomy programs. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that for students the computer room considerably facilitate the study of anatomy in easy manner and also potentially increases the understanding of the lesson, at the same time considered that the computer room cannot replace cadaver dissection

A community scale hybrid renewable energy system for sustainable power supply during load shedding

Load shedding is an operating condition in which the electrical grid is temporarily disconnected from the load. The objective is to minimize the gap between available generation capacity and load demand while maintaining an equitable supply for all consumers. Load shedding is a prominent problem for many developing countries. To address this issue, this paper explores the potential of a hybrid energy system (HES) to provide uninterrupted power supply at the distribution feeder despite load shedding from electrical grid. The proposed HES in this work combines photovoltaic (PV) array, battery storage system (BSS) and diesel generator (DG). The HES is equipped with energy management scheme (EMS) that ensures continuous power supply, improves energy efficiency, and minimizes the electricity cost. To accomplish these tasks, the EMS operates the system in one of three modes: grid mode, renewable energy source mode and the diesel generator mode. Besides, the proposed methodology allows injecting surplus PV energy into the grid, thus maximizing PV utilization and improving power system’s reliability. The results of this study will assist policymakers to determine the prospect of renewable based hybrid system to supply sustainable power and eliminate the energy problems in the power deficit countries