Training effectiveness: factors that influence learning and transfer of training at higher learning institution at Klang Valley / Masliana Tamrin, Noor Azzura Mohamed and Nurul Aida Harun

Nowadays the marketplace for talented and skills people is very competitive and expensive. The organization needs to invest through the education and training program. Through training programs, organization can improve and maintain the quality of their human capital. Employees are known as the assets for the company so it is essentially for each organization to have their own training program for the new and existing employees. Education is a never ending process and it is the reason training is been used as it can improve employee performance and directly it can improve business result. Training is one of the education processes which can increase the capabilities and expertise of employees in performing their duties. Training must be continuously given to employees so that it can provide them the knowledge and skills they require to be successful. Wei Tao (2006) mentioned in his study that through the sufficient training given by the organization, it can increase the adaptability and flexibility of workers in doing their work. By having training, it can lead employees to learn new information, they can revise what they have learned before and also they can strengthen their existing knowledge and skills relating to their works. Management must give effective trainings from time to time in order to transmit all relevant and valuable information that can enlighten employees and increase their skills and behaviors so that the knowledge and information they get during the training can be transferred back to the workplace. It is the goal of training to get employees to master the knowledge, skills and behavior so that it can be applied in their daily working activities. Besides that, training also requires the support from the environment's growth and development to ensure for its success

Effect of thickness of porous polysulfone membranes on removal of ferum ions / Norin Zamiah Kassim Shaari, Nabilla Mohamed Zaimy and Nurul Aida Sulaiman

Membrane separation has been widely used in the removal of heavy metal from wastewater. Chemical precipitation, ion exchange, and adsorption are the examples of conventional treatment that have significance disadvantages which are incomplete removal and high energy consumption, thus lead to disposal of toxic sludge. In this research, the wastewater from electroplating industry containing high concentration of ferum ion was treated by using an integrated complexation method through a thin film composite membrane. The composite comprises of polysulfone as support layer with either polymer blend of PVA/chitosan and hybrid membrane respectively as the top layer. Treatment process was conducted at pH 7, room temperature, and pressure of 12 bar. The thickness of polysulfone was varied at 60 μm and 90 μm. Results showed that the treated wastewater contained ferum concentration below than the acceptable range and the composite membrane with hybrid membrane as thin layer with polysulfone at 90 μm thickness yield the best performance

The Effect of Water Bath Temperature during Electrochemical Deposition of Zinc Oxide

Nanostructure Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is widely applied in various fields such as optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and biomedical sciences. Nowadays, there are many methods that can be used to produce ZnO thin film such as electrochemical deposition. This method is a process of converting or forming an oxide layer on the metal surface. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of water temperature on the morphology of ZnO during the electrochemical deposition process. ZnO nanostructures obtained after electrochemical deposition process is carried out at different water temperatures and a constant current density. Electrochemical deposition process was carried out when the water temperature reached 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80oC. During the deposition process, 0.05 M/L zinc nitrate is used as a single electrolyte. The analysis conducted is divided into four categories, namely FESEM, XRD, EDX and UV-Vis. As a result, the suitable water bath temperature for forming the ZnO morphology with an electric current density of 4 mA/cm2 is at 75oC and at this temperature it has a higher value of composition mass where is 0.61 % compare with other temperature. From the UV-Vis analysis, it shows the value of band gap is 2.87 eV when the temperature of water bath was 75oC. Various studies were conducted to produce ZnO nanotubes because it provide different forms of reaction temperature at constant current densities

Exploring Muslim consumers' acceptance of cultured beef meat

The advancement in cultured meat research in cellular agriculture has greatly surged. The concerns of halalness and thayibban (cleanliness and permissibility to consume) of cultured beef meat will arise among Muslim consumers, prompting the question, “Who will consume the cultured meat, and are Muslims ready to consume it?” This study aimed to clarify how Muslims perceive cultured meat and the issues surrounding their acceptance. A chi-square test and a binary logistic regression analysis were applied to reveal the acceptance of cultured meat. The results revealed that 44.1% of the respondents accepted cultured meat as their food, while 55.9% expressed doubts due to religious concerns. Their attitudes toward cultured meat influenced their decision to accept it as food. Some consumers had high expectations for cultured meat because they believed it would be superior in taste and have nutritional value and health effects. In conclusion, those Muslims who did not doubt cultured meat accepted it as future food with expectations for better function and value

Exploring Muslim Consumers’ Acceptance of Cultured Beef Meat

The advancement in cultured meat research in cellular agriculture has greatly surged. The concerns of halalness and thayibban (cleanliness and permissibility to consume) of cultured beef meat will arise among Muslim consumers, prompting the question, “Who will consume the cultured meat, and are Muslims ready to consume it?” This study aimed to clarify how Muslims perceive cultured meat and the issues surrounding their acceptance. A chi-square test and a binary logistic regression analysis were applied to reveal the acceptance of cultured meat. The results revealed that 44.1% of the respondents accepted cultured meat as their food, while 55.9% expressed doubts due to religious concerns. Their attitudes toward cultured meat influenced their decision to accept it as food. Some consumers had high expectations for cultured meat because they believed it would be superior in taste and have nutritional value and health effects. In conclusion, those Muslims who did not doubt cultured meat accepted it as future food with expectations for better function and value

Multi criteria decision making under single-valued neutrosophic set environment for supplier selection

The process of selecting suppliers is a crucial decision for organisations and has a substantial effect on enterprises, particularly in industries with extensive and constantly evolving supply chains. In this study, six predetermined criteria are used to evaluate four possible supplier choices under the proposed framework for supplier selection. These criteria include competitive pricing, distance, volume flexibility, technological capabilities, material quality, and complaint handling. This study employs the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique and single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNS) to address the challenge of selecting a sustainable supplier with insufficient information. To achieve this, the study uses SVNS-based scoring and accuracy functions. A ranking method, specifically designed for single-valued neutrosophic numbers (SVNN), is used to effectively represent and solve the supplier selection problem. Based on the weight model, the ranking order is A1 > A2 > A4 > A3. Unlike other methods, this technique helps decision-makers effectively communicate imprecise and unclear information. It offers a distinct perspective and approach for MCDM in situations marked by ambiguity. In addition, it allows decision-makers select suppliers that provide exceptional quality and prioritise sustainable business practices

Computer-assisted analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra for characterization of various treated and untreated agriculture biomass

A computational approach was used to analyze the FTIR spectra of a wide range of treated and untreated lignocellulosic biomass (coconut husk, banana trunk, sago hampas, rice husk, and empty fruit bunch). The biomass was treated with strong sulphuric acid and NaOH, respectively. A total of 87 spectra were obtained in which the absorption bands were de-convoluted automatically, generating a peak table of 87 rows and 60 columns. Square roots were taken of the peak values, with further standardization prior to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for data exploration. In a scores plot, the treated and untreated biomass were distinguishable along the two main axes, PC1 and PC2. Examining the absorption bands corresponding to lignocellulosic components indicated that the acid pretreatment had resulted in dissolution and degradation of hemicelluloses and lignin, confirmed typically by disappearance of bands. The alkali treatment however was not as rigorous as the acid treatment, as some characteristic bands of hemicelluloses and lignin were enhanced, suggesting condensation of the degraded polysaccharides. The computer-assisted analysis of the FTIR spectra allowed efficient and simultaneous comparisons of lignocellulosic compositions present in various treated and untreated biomass. This represents an improvement relative to the conventional methods, since a large dataset can be handled efficiently and individual peaks can be examined

Peningkatan kecekapan pemisahan air menggunakan g-C3N4 yang disinar gama

Dalam kajian ini, kesan sinar gama ke atas bahan semikonduktor g-C3N4 kGy (0.1 kGy dan 0.5) dibincangkan dan dibandingkan dengan sampel yang tidak disinar untuk melihat perbezaanya. Bahan g-C3N4 disintesis dari urea melalui proses pempolimeran haba pada suhu 520°C. Struktur dan morfologi g-C3N4 dianalisis dengan menggunakan pembelauan Sinar- X (XRD), spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FT-IR), mikroskop pengimbas elektron pancaran medan dengan spektroskopi tenaga sinar-X (FESEM-EDX), spektroskopi cahaya nampak - ultraungu (UV-Vis) dan ketumpatan arus (LSV). Sinar gama telah mengubah struktur ikatan g-C3N4 dan mengurangkan sela jalur iaitu daripada 2.80 eV kepada 2.72 eV. Di samping itu, sampel g-C3N4 yang disinar pada 0.1 kGy menghasilkan prestasi lima kali ganda lebih tinggi iaitu daripada 3.59 μAcm-2 kepada 14.2 μAcm-2 pada 1.23 V lawan Ag/AgCl dalam larutan elektrolit 0.5 M Na2SO4 (pH7). Kesimpulannya, keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahan semikonduktor yang dirawat dengan sinar gama berpotensi untuk meningkatkan fotoelektrokimia (PEC) pemisahan air

CHARACTERISATION OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM NAM-NAM PLANTS (Cynometra cauliflora) FOR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING FACTORS

Plant-beneficial microorganisms also known as endophytes colonize the inside healthy tissues of living plants and form mutualistic relationships with them. Endophytes are important components of the plant microbiome and give a variety of benefits to their hosts. Nam-Nam plant (Cynometra cauliflora), is an indigenous tree to Peninsular Malaysia with various medicinal properties. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from different parts of Nam-Nam plants such as leaves, stems, and roots. The ethyl acetate extracts from the endophytic bacteria were tested for their antibacterial activity against 7 bacterial pathogens. Plant growth promotion traits including starch hydrolysis, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production were screened among the endophytic bacteria isolates. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for isolates with good antibacterial activity and plant growth promotion traits. A total of 33 endophytic bacteria comprising 27 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. The antibacterial activity was demonstrated by 7 isolates in which R1L3 and TKL2 extracts exhibited significant activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Production of IAA was exhibited by 15 isolates wherein R1S4 produced the highest IAA (20.62 µg/mL). Analysis of the 16S gene sequence revealed that RIR2, TKS2/R1L3, and R1S4/R1S5 belonged to Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Mycobacteroides abscessus, and Sphingomonas sp, respectively. The findings from this study showed that NamNam plants harbored endophytic isolates with the potential to be established as a source of natural compounds that can be used to develop new anti-infection agents in the future. This is the first study to report on antibacterial activity and IAA production by endophytic bacteria from the Nam-Nam plants

Characterisation of endophytic bacteria from Nam-Nam plants (Cynometra cauliflora) for antibacterial activity and production of plant growth promoting factors

Plant-beneficial microorganisms also known as endophytes colonize the inside healthy tissues of living plants and form mutualistic relationships with them. Endophytes are important components of the plant microbiome and give a variety of benefits to their hosts. Nam-Nam plant (Cynometra cauliflora), is an indigenous tree to Peninsular Malaysia with various medicinal properties. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from different parts of Nam-Nam plants such as leaves, stems, and roots. The ethyl acetate extracts from the endophytic bacteria were tested for their antibacterial activity against 7 bacterial pathogens. Plant growth promotion traits including starch hydrolysis, phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production were screened among the endophytic bacteria isolates. Molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for isolates with good antibacterial activity and plant growth promotion traits. A total of 33 endophytic bacteria comprising 27 Gram-negative and 6 Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. The antibacterial activity was demonstrated by 7 isolates in which R1L3 and TKL2 extracts exhibited significant activity against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. Production of IAA was exhibited by 15 isolates wherein R1S4 produced the highest IAA (20.62 μg/mL). Analysis of the 16S gene sequence revealed that RIR2, TKS2/R1L3, and R1S4/R1S5 belonged to Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Mycobacteroides abscessus, and Sphingomonas sp, respectively. The findings from this study showed that Nam-Nam plants harbored endophytic isolates with the potential to be established as a source of natural compounds that can be used to develop new anti-infection agents in the future. This is the first study to report on antibacterial activity and IAA production by endophytic bacteria from the Nam-Nam plants