FORMULASI DAN STABILITAS FISIK MASKER EMULGEL PEEL OFF MINYAK BIJI ANGGUR (Vitis vinifera L.) DENGAN BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI HIDROXY PROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE (HPMC) SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

Minyak biji anggur (Vitis vinifera L) merupakan minyak yang diperoleh melalui pengepresan. Biji anggur yang diketahui mengandung senyawa fenol dengan aktivitas antioksidan sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam sediaan kosmetika. Pada penelitian ini telah dikembangkan bentuk sediaan masker emulgel peel-off minyak biji anggur dengan penambahan gelling agent Hidroxy Propiy Methyl cellulose (HPMC) dan diamati pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas fisik sediaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi HPMC sebagai gelling agent terhadap sifat dan stabilitas fisik masker emulgel peel off minyak biji anggur selama penyimpanan. Sediaan dibuat dalam 5 formula dengan konsentrasi minyak biji anggur sebesar 3% dan HPMC 1%, 2%,3%, 4%, kemudian satu formula tanpa zat aktif. Terhadap sediaan dilakukan evaluasi dengan penyimpanan selama 4 minggu dengan suhu 25⁰C dan suhu 40⁰C meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, sifat alir, daya sebar pemisahan fase, waktu mengering sediaan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan tidak terjadi perubahan organoleptis, tetap homogen, tidak terbentuk pemisahan fase, terjadinya penurunan dan kenaikan nilai pH dan daya sebar. Viskositas sediaan memiliki nilai yang berbeda-beda tiap formulanya yaitu berkisar 80000-464000 Cps dan memiliki sifat alir thiksotropik plastis. Memiliki waktu sediaan mengering pada masker emulgel yaitu selama 15 menit. memiliki kuat tarik 18,51-46,43 kg/cm dan elongasi sebesar 160-316,67%. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dengan metode Kruskal-Wallis dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi HPMC sebagai gelling agent tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat dan stabilitas fisik, secara keseluruhan sediaan emulgel stabil. Kata kunci: Emulgel, Minyak Biji Anggur, Masker, HPMC

The currency, completeness and quality of systematic reviews of acute management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A comprehensive evidence map.

OBJECTIVE: To appraise the currency, completeness and quality of evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of acute management of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: We conducted comprehensive searches to March 2016 for published, English-language SRs and RCTs of acute management of moderate to severe TBI. Systematic reviews and RCTs were grouped under 12 broad intervention categories. For each review, we mapped the included and non-included RCTs, noting the reasons why RCTs were omitted. An SR was judged as 'current' when it included the most recently published RCT we found on their topic, and 'complete' when it included every RCT we found that met its inclusion criteria, taking account of when the review was conducted. Quality was assessed using the AMSTAR checklist (trichotomised into low, moderate and high quality). FINDINGS: We included 85 SRs and 213 RCTs examining the effectiveness of treatments for acute management of moderate to severe TBI. The most frequently reviewed interventions were hypothermia (n = 17, 14.2%), hypertonic saline and/or mannitol (n = 9, 7.5%) and surgery (n = 8, 6.7%). Of the 80 single-intervention SRs, approximately half (n = 44, 55%) were judged as current and two-thirds (n = 52, 65.0%) as complete. When considering only the most recently published review on each intervention (n = 25), currency increased to 72.0% (n = 18). Less than half of the 85 SRs were judged as high quality (n = 38, 44.7%), and nearly 20% were low quality (n = 16, 18.8%). Only 16 (20.0%) of the single-intervention reviews (and none of the five multi-intervention reviews) were judged as current, complete and high-quality. These included reviews of red blood cell transfusion, hypothermia, management guided by intracranial pressure, pharmacological agents (various) and prehospital intubation. Over three-quarters (n = 167, 78.4%) of the 213 RCTs were included in one or more SR. Of the remainder, 17 (8.0%) RCTs post-dated or were out of scope of existing SRs, and 29 (13.6%) were on interventions that have not been assessed in SRs. CONCLUSION: A substantial number of SRs in acute management of moderate to severe TBI lack currency, completeness and quality. We have identified both potential evidence gaps and also substantial research waste. Novel review methods, such as Living Systematic Reviews, may ameliorate these shortcomings and enhance utility and reliability of the evidence underpinning clinical care

Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence

Abstract We systematically searched available databases. We reviewed 6,143 studies published from 1833 to 2017. Reports in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish were considered, as were publications in other languages if definitive treatment and recurrence at specific follow-up times were described in an English abstract. We assessed data in the manner of a meta-analysis of RCTs; further we assessed non-RCTs in the manner of a merged data analysis. In the RCT analysis including 11,730 patients, Limberg & Dufourmentel operations were associated with low recurrence of 0.6% (95%CI 0.3–0.9%) 12 months and 1.8% (95%CI 1.1–2.4%) respectively 24 months postoperatively. Analysing 89,583 patients from RCTs and non-RCTs, the Karydakis & Bascom approaches were associated with recurrence of only 0.2% (95%CI 0.1–0.3%) 12 months and 0.6% (95%CI 0.5–0.8%) 24 months postoperatively. Primary midline closure exhibited long-term recurrence up to 67.9% (95%CI 53.3–82.4%) 240 months post-surgery. For most procedures, only a few RCTs without long term follow up data exist, but substitute data from numerous non-RCTs are available. Recurrence in PSD is highly dependent on surgical procedure and by follow-up time; both must be considered when drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of a procedure