Heat Processing and Change of Proper Indicators of Basalts

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the quality of basalts, their heat treatment and studies of changes in the chemical composition of basalts, which leads to a change in the external color of partially processed basalt raw materials (hereinafter referred to as semi-finished product). The results of a study of purified basalt from slime, impurities and hydroxides, changes in the chemical composition of basalt rock are presented. The prospects of heat treatment of a semi-finished product and obtaining multi-colored products from mineral raw materials is shown. It was found that the optimal firing temperature of the semi-finished product, the possible options for changing the external color and the criterion points of the thermal effect at which the basalt semi-finished product changes the external shade. These statements are of great scientific and practical interest in the fact that during the heat treatment of a semifinished product, basalt easily overheats and gradually acquires a different color, which occurs to a liquids temperature and allows the future to plan to obtain high-quality multi-colored products from basalts, for example, products for design

Erratum to: Allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: protocol for a systematic review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0099-6.]

WAO consensus on definition of food allergy severity (DEFASE)

Background: While several scoring systems for the severity of anaphylactic reactions have been developed, there is a lack of consensus on definition and categorisation of severity of food allergy disease as a whole. Aim: To develop an international consensus on the severity of food allergy (DEfinition of Food Allergy Severity, DEFASE) scoring system, to be used globally. Methods phase 1: We conducted a mixed-method systematic review (SR) of 11 databases for published and unpublished literature on severity of food allergy management and set up a panel of international experts. Phase 2: Based on our findings in Phase 1, we drafted statements for a two-round modified electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) survey. A purposefully selected multidisciplinary international expert panel on food allergy (n = 60) was identified and sent a structured questionnaire, including a set of statements on different domains of food allergy severity related to symptoms, health-related quality of life, and economic impact. Participants were asked to score their agreement on each statement on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". Median scores and percentage agreements were calculated. Consensus was defined a priori as being achieved if 70% or more of panel members rated a statement as "strongly agree" to "agree" after the second round. Based on feedback, 2 additional online voting rounds were conducted. Results: We received responses from 92% of Delphi panel members in round 1 and 85% in round 2. Consensus was achieved on the overall score and in all of the 5 specific key domains as essential components of the DEFASE score. Conclusions: The DEFASE score is the first comprehensive grading of food allergy severity that considers not only the severity of a single reaction, but the whole disease spectrum. An international consensus has been achieved regarding a scoring system for food allergy disease. It offers an evaluation grid, which may help to rate the severity of food allergy. Phase 3 will involve validating the scoring system in research settings, and implementing it in clinical practice

Global Role and Burden of Influenza in Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations, 1982-2012:A Systematic Analysis

BACKGROUND:The global burden of pediatric severe respiratory illness is substantial, and influenza viruses contribute to this burden. Systematic surveillance and testing for influenza among hospitalized children has expanded globally over the past decade. However, only a fraction of the data has been used to estimate influenza burden. In this analysis, we use surveillance data to provide an estimate of influenza-associated hospitalizations among children worldwide. METHODS AND FINDINGS:We aggregated data from a systematic review (n = 108) and surveillance platforms (n = 37) to calculate a pooled estimate of the proportion of samples collected from children hospitalized with respiratory illnesses and positive for influenza by age group (<6 mo, <1 y, <2 y, <5 y, 5-17 y, and <18 y). We applied this proportion to global estimates of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations among children aged <1 y and <5 y, to obtain the number and per capita rate of influenza-associated hospitalizations by geographic region and socio-economic status. Influenza was associated with 10% (95% CI 8%-11%) of respiratory hospitalizations in children <18 y worldwide, ranging from 5% (95% CI 3%-7%) among children <6 mo to 16% (95% CI 14%-20%) among children 5-17 y. On average, we estimated that influenza results in approximately 374,000 (95% CI 264,000 to 539,000) hospitalizations in children <1 y-of which 228,000 (95% CI 150,000 to 344,000) occur in children <6 mo-and 870,000 (95% CI 610,000 to 1,237,000) hospitalizations in children <5 y annually. Influenza-associated hospitalization rates were more than three times higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries (150/100,000 children/year versus 48/100,000). However, differences in hospitalization practices between settings are an important limitation in interpreting these findings. CONCLUSIONS:Influenza is an important contributor to respiratory hospitalizations among young children worldwide. Increasing influenza vaccination coverage among young children and pregnant women could reduce this burden and protect infants <6 mo

THE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CdTe:Ag PHOTOELECTRICAL FILMS IN THE AREAS OWN AND IMPURITE ABSORPTION

The photovoltaic properties of thin (d≈1 μm) specially doped CdTe: Ag films are considered, in which the effects of anomalous photovoltage (APhV) and photoelectret state (PhES) without external polarizing field, which are formed only by natural light, are clearly seen. The experimental results of the study of the spectral dependences of the absorption coefficient, anomalous photoelectric and photoelectret voltages, and short-circuit current in these films are given

THE EFFECT OF MECHANICAL DEFORMATION ON THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTOR POLYCRYSTALLINE FILM STRUCTURES CdTe: Sn

Strong dependence of effect is found out is abnormal the big photovoltage (АPV) in slanting evaporation polycrystalline thin (d≤1 µm) films of telluride of cadmium from quantity of an impurity tin and technological parametres. For the purpose of revealing of the nature and the mechanism high-voltage photovoltaic effect in layers of telluride of cadmium with an impurity tin is experimentally investigated influence of mechanical influences on their electro physical and photo-electrical properties

THE DISPERSION AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTRUM OF MIXED EXCITONS AT CRITICAL DAMPING VALUES

The dispersion and luminescence spectra of mixed exciton-polariton modes depending on exciton decay of mechanical excitons in the region a critical value is considered