Effect of incubation temperature on phenotype in mallard

The influence of incubation temperature on bird neonate phenotype is widely studied. In waterfowl (Anatidae), maternal effect can be divided to two main parts: clutch formation and its incubation. Therefore, waterfowl are a good model for this type of study. The egg temperature can strongly influence embryo development and survival of the hatchlings. The goal of this work was to examine the effect of incubation temperature on hatchability, incubation length, sex ratio and phenotype of European Mallard ducklings immediately after hatching. Eggs were randomly placed in one of six incubation temperatures, which ranged from 35 to 39 řC. This range corresponds with temperature range in natural mallard nests in the Czech Republic. Eggs were then artificially incubated. Newborn hatchlings were weighted and their structural size was measured, then they were killed. Some hatchlings from incubation temperatures 35.5, 36 and 37 řC were used to examine residual yolk sac mass and basic chemical composition of the yolk-free body. Hatchability was markedly lower in both extreme temperatures (35 and 39 řC). Incubation length significantly decreased with increasing incubation temperature. I failed to prove the influence of incubation temperature on hatchling body mass, but I found temperature-dependent changes of..

Managing the leadership change and related activities during work with long-term clients on a helpline for elderly people in crisis

BORECKÁ, Jana. Managing the leadership change and related activities during work with long-term clients on a helpline for elderly people in crisis. Prague, 2010. Thesis. Charles University of Prague. Faculty of humanities. Department of management and supervision in social and health organisations. The supervisor: Prim. MUDr. Iva Holmerová, PhD. Key words: helpline, intervention into crisis, elderly people, changes in old age, mothodics of work with seniors on the help line, managing the change, permanent clients, ethics, teamwork, supervision, case study. The thesis concentrates on managing the leadership change dutiny work with long-term clients on a helpline for elderly people in crisis. The first part represents important theoretical base for understanding the second, practical part. The first part is engaged in specification of professional help on a help line - main principals of intervention into crisis that social worker must follow. It also considers problems of old age and the changes that come during this stage of lifetime. First part also introduces permanent clients as a specific group that needs the helpline for an assistance and brings special ethical questions not only for workers who have direkt contact with clients, but also for their superiors. The second part brings reader to..

Additional file 9: of Evolutionary triangulation: informing genetic association studies with evolutionary evidence

PBS analysis using CEU and YRI as the pre-selected populations and other available HapMap III populations as the outlier populations genes associated with diseases that are appropriately distributed between CEU and YRI genes associated with diseases that are appropriately distributed among CEU, YRI and GIH and identifed with ET genes show up across all PBS analysis. (XLSX 14 kb

Additional file 10: Table S8. of Evolutionary triangulation: informing genetic association studies with evolutionary evidence

SNP-based iHS score of CEU-GIH-YRI ET SNPs under 95th/5th percentile cutoff. (DOCX 15 kb

GHANA_PLoS_upload

Raw data in Exce

Additional file 8: Table S6. of Evolutionary triangulation: informing genetic association studies with evolutionary evidence

Genetic associations of 85th/15th cutoff ET genes with diseases other than index diseases based on CEU-YRI-GIH comparisons1. (DOCX 145 kb

Additional file 3: Table S3a. of Evolutionary triangulation: informing genetic association studies with evolutionary evidence

SNPs and genes identified using the 95th/5th percentile ET cutoffs among CEU-TSI-CHB. Table S3b. SNPs and genes identified using the 90th/10th percentile ET cutoffs among CEU-TSI-CHB. Table S3c. SNPs and genes identified using the 85th/15th percentile ET cutoffs among CEU-TSI-CHB. Table S3d. SNPs and genes identified using the 80th/20th percentile ET cutoffs among CEU-TSI-CHB. (DOCX 26 kb

Prevalence by age group of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in urban and rural men and women from Brong Ahafo, Ghana.

<p>In the left panels (A), (C), and (E), prevalence by age group is depicted for urban females (purple circles) and rural females (green circles). In the right panels (B), (D), and (F), prevalence by age group is depicted for urban males (purple triangles) and rural males (green triangles). Error bars denote 95% confidence intervals of estimates.</p

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Ghana during the Rural-to-Urban Transition: A Cross-Sectional Study

<div><p>Populations in sub-Saharan Africa are shifting from rural to increasingly urban. Although the burden of cardiovascular disease is expected to increase with this changing landscape, few large studies have assessed a wide range of risk factors in urban and rural populations, particularly in West Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of 3317 participants from Ghana (≥18 years old), of whom 2265 (57% female) were from a mid-sized city (Sunyani, population ~250,000) and 1052 (55% female) were from surrounding villages (populations <5000). We measured canonical cardiovascular disease risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipids) and fibrinolytic markers (PAI-1 and t-PA), and assessed how their distributions and related clinical outcomes (including obesity, hypertension and diabetes) varied with urban residence and sex. Urban residence was strongly associated with obesity (OR: 7.8, 95% CI: 5.3–11.3), diabetes (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 2.3–5.7), and hypertension (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 2.6–4.0). Among the quantitative measures, most affected were total cholesterol (+0.81 standard deviations, 95% CI 0.73–0.88), LDL cholesterol (+0.89, 95% CI: 0.79–0.99), and t-PA (+0.56, 95% CI: 0.48–0.63). Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol profiles were similarly poor in both urban and rural environments, but significantly worse among rural participants after BMI-adjustment. For most of the risk factors, the strength of the association with urban residence did not vary with sex. Obesity was a major exception, with urban women at particularly high risk (26% age-standardized prevalence) compared to urban men (7%). Overall, urban residents had substantially worse cardiovascular risk profiles, with some risk factors at levels typically seen in the developed world.</p></div

Effect sizes of urban/rural environment and sex on dichotomous cardiovascular risk factors in Brong Ahafo, Ghana.

<p>(A) The increased odds of each outcome (with 95% confidence intervals) are depicted for the group with the higher odds; purple for higher urban odds and green for higher rural odds. Data were adjusted for age and sex. (B) The increased odds of each outcome (with 95% confidence intervals) are depicted for the group with the higher odds (female: red; male: blue). Data were adjusted for age and environment. Abbreviations as described in methods.</p