Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Desa Waeheru Kota Ambon

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan Implementasi  Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat  di Desa Waiheru Kecamatan Baguala Kota Ambon serta - Faktor pendorong dan penghambatnya serta strategi apa yang perlu dirumuskan sebagai upaya meningkatkan  Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat  di Desa Waiheru Kecamatan Baguala Kota Ambon. Fokus Penelitian  2, - Faktor Pendorong : Daya beli masyarakat yg tinggi pada desa-desa tetangga, disamping arus lalulintas orang (yang berbelanja ke pulau seram, haruku dan saparua). - Faktor-Faktor Penghambat : Diskripsi Fokus Penelitian  1)  Belum ada Road Map dalam Pengambilan Kebijakan Kepala Desa. 2) Tidak pernah dilakukan upaya Penguatan aktivitas Pemberdayaan dengan lembaga-lembaga Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat. 3) Karakter agen pelaksana di tingkaat desa tidak baik dalam menunjang pemberdayaan usaha. 4) Aspek lingkungan  social politik sangat erat mempengaruhi kebijakan pemberdayaan ekonomi rakyat kecil. Fokus Penelitian  3, Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat  di Desa,  meliputi Diskripsi Fokus Penelitian 1) Arah Kebijakan tentang Standar dan sasaran Pemberdayaan harus  ditujukan  pada Usaha Mikro dan Kecil. 2) Berbagai Sumber daya harus diarahkan untuk mendukung  Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah. 3) Perlu Kegiatan Pelatihan dan Pendampingan untuk  penguatan aktivitas usaha. 4) Perlunya upaya Pelurusan Karakteristik dan mentalitas agen pelaksana yang masih menyimpang. 5) Perlu langkah Perbaikan sikap mental  para pelaksana dalam berusaha

Fermentabilitas Ekstrak Cincau Hijau (Premna Oblongifolia Merr) Oleh Tiga Jenis Bakteri Asam Laktat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak cincau yang tepat dan jenis bakteri asam laktat yangdapat tumbuh pada ekstrak cincau tersebut sehingga diperoleh minuman sinbiotik ekstrak cincau dengan karakteristik terbaik. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 9 perlakuan yang berbeda dimana perlakuan disusun secara faktorial (3 x 3) dalam rancanganacak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ekstrak cincau hijau yang terdiri daritiga taraf, yaitu 0%, 0.5%, dan 1%. Faktor kedua adalah jenis bakteri asam laktat, yaitu Lactobacilus casei, Lactobacillusacidophilus dan Lactobacillus plantarum. Data dianalisis sidik ragam untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan antarperlakuan dan dianalisis lanjut dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanminuman sinbiotik ekstrak cincau terbaik adalah minuman yang difermentasi oleh Lactobacillus casei pada konsentrasiekstrak cincau 0,5% yang menghasilkan nilai log total BAL sebesar 9,07 atau setara 2,3 x 109koloni/ml, nilai total asamsebesar 0,96% dan nilai pH sebesar 3,58. Namun demikian pada semua konsentrasi ekstrak cincau yang ditambahkan dandifermentasi oleh Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophillus maupun Lactobacillus plantarum tidak menunjukkanadanya aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Bacillus cereus dan Eschericia coli yang diuji dengan metode difusi agar

Analisis Finansial Dan Sensitivitas Usaha Kecil Menengah Dodol Coklat

This research was purposed to determine financial aspects of chocolate dodol home industry. The result of investment feasibility are reasonable to continue (NPV>0, Net B/C >1,IRR> 22% discount rate and raw\u27s material (cocoa beans) as many as 10%-50% and the fuel as many as 15%-90 PP0, Net B/C >1,IRR> 22% discount rate and PP< 5 years of economical\u27s age)

Hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes in voluntary blood donors in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype appears to show varying geographic distribution. Molecular epidemiological study of HBV in particular areas in Indonesia is still limited. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of HBV genotype/subgenotype and mutations in basal core promoter (BCP) region in voluntary blood donors in Makassar, one of the biggest cities in east part of Indonesia.</p> <p>A total of 214 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive samples were enrolled in this study. HBV genotype/subgenotype was identified by genotype-specific PCR method or direct sequencing of pre-S region. Mutations in BCP were identified by direct sequencing of the corresponding region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>HBV/B and HBV/C were detected in 61.21% and 25.23% of the samples, while mix of HBV/B and HBV/C was found in 12.62% of the samples. Based on pre-S region, among HBV/B and HBV/C, HBV/B3 (95.00%) and HBV/C1 (58.82%) were predominant. Interestingly, HBV/D was identified in two samples (22.165.07 and 22.252.07). Complete genome sequences of two HBV/D strains (22.165.07 and 22.252.07) demonstrated that both strains belong to HBV/D6, and the divergence between the two strains were 1.45%, while divergences of both 22.165.07 and 22.252.07 strains with reference strain (<ext-link ext-link-id="AM422939" ext-link-type="gen">AM422939</ext-link>/France) were 2.67%. A1762T/G1764A mutation was observed in 1.96% and 5.36%, whereas T1753V mutation was found in 2.94% and 1.79% of HBV/B and HBV/C, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HBV/B and HBV/C are dominant in Makassar, similar to most areas in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP which might be associated with severity of liver disease are less common.</p

Virologic and clinical characteristics of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in 487 Chinese pediatric patients with CHB

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes/subgenotypes with clinical characteristics is increasingly recognized. However, the virologic and clinical features of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in pediatric patients remain largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Four hundred and eighty-seven pediatric inpatients with CHB were investigated, including 217 nucleos(t)ide analog-experienced patients. HBV genotypes/subgenotypes and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations were determined by direct sequencing. The stage of fibrosis and degree of inflammatory activity were evaluated by the Metavir score system.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among 487 enrolled pediatric patients, HBV genotype C2 and B2 were the most two prevalent (73.7% and 21.1%). Comparing with HBV/B2 infected patients, no significant difference was observed in the incidence rate and mutant patterns of lamivudine- or adefovir-resistant mutations in HBV/C2 infected patients (<it>P </it>> 0.05). Importantly, we found that the degree of hepatic inflammation degree, fibrosis stage and ALT level were significantly higher in HBV/C2-infected HBeAg positive patients than it was in HBV/B2-infected ones.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The pediatric patients with HBV/C2 infection might be more susceptible to develop severe liver pathogenesis.</p

EFFECT OF HEATING TIME ON CHANGES IN PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF RED PALM OIL

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) contains approximately 50% saturated fatty acids and approximately 40% unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acid content is known to be effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels. Palm oil also contains bcarotene which is very beneficial for health. Palm oil processing is defined by three stages, namely degumming, bleaching and deodorization. The bleaching process is carried out at 90–105oC using 1-2% bleaching earth and deodorization at 240- 270oC. The high concentration of bleaching earth and deodorization temperature causes carotene to be degraded leading to low carotene content in the final product. The effort to maintain the carotene content is to process CPO into red palm oil (RPO). The content of carotene and fatty acids contained therein will be damaged in the presence of high heat, ascertain this, a study was conducted on the effect of heating time on the chemical properties of red palm oil. The study was conducted using a completely randomized block design with prolonged heating treatment (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours) at 180oC and repeated 3 times and then the fatty acid content, peroxide value, iodine number and functional groups formed in bulk red palm oil purchased online were observed. The results showed that increasing the heating time can decrease the iodine number but increase the acid number and peroxide value. Heating at 180oC for 10 hours produced iodine, acid and peroxide value of 57.72, 9.56 and 12.55, respectively. The results of the analysis using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) showed the presence of free fatty acids at wave number 722 cm-1 and peroxide numbers at wave number 2.854 cm-1. The test results using gas chromatography showed that linoleic acid decreased by about 3.23% during heating for up to 10 hours, while saturated fatty acids increased by about 0.32%