5 research outputs found
The chemical contaminants of foodstuffs and household water
Elintarvikkeiden ja talousveden kemialliset vaarat kuvataan nyt uusitussa
muodossa. Raportissa kĂ€sitellÀÀn 40 vierasainetta tai âryhmÀÀ, ja saadaan
samalla kertaa kuva koko ongelmakentÀstÀ. Kaikki raporttiin valitut kemialliset
yhdisteet ovat olleet viime vuosina mukana elintarvikkeiden ja/tai
talousveden riskinhallintaa kÀsittelevissÀ valmisteluissa tai toimenpiteissÀ
sekÀ kansallisella ettÀ EU-tasolla. Kemiallisista vaaroista oli suurimmasta
osasta runsaasti tietoa saatavilla: esiintyminen elintarvikkeissa, tutkimukset
ja saantilaskelmat, terveydelliset haittavaikutukset ja valvontaan liittyvÀt
tarpeet ja lopuksi kattavat kirjallisuuskatsaukset.
YhteensÀ 21 suomalaista kutsuttua vierasaineasiantuntijaa on ollut mukana
eri sektoritutkimuslaitoksista tÀmÀn raportin sisÀllön kirjoittamis- ja tarkistamistyössÀ.
LisÀksi suuri joukko muita asiantuntijoita on kommentoinut
raporttia. Asiantuntijat ovat eri hallinnonaloilta, ja osa aiheistakin ja niihin
liittyvistÀ vierasaineista, kuten talousveden vierasaineet, kuuluvat hallinnollisesti
muihin kuin maa- ja metsÀtalousministeriön alaisiin asiantuntijalaitoksiin.
TÀmÀ raportti on tehty mahdollisimman laajalle kÀyttÀjÀkunnalle
ottaen huomioon viranomaiset sekÀ kuluttajat ja opetus- ja tutkimuslaitokset.
Raportti on tehty helppokÀyttöiseksi ja mahdollisimman selkeÀksi ja lyhytsanaiseksi
monine taulukkoineen ja kuvineen. Tarkoitus on, ettÀ siitÀ löytyy
helposti eri vierasaineiden ominaisuuksia, joita voi tarvittaessa vertailla.
SiitÀ voi etsiÀ uusimmat tutkimustulokset ja kansainvÀliset riskinarvioinnit
sekÀ löytÀÀ vierasaineiden pitoisuustietoja etenkin kotimaisista elintarvikkeista.
Arvioituja vierasainesaantimÀÀriÀ voi verrata vierasaineille asetettuihin
siedettÀviin enimmÀissaantimÀÀriin tai vaikkapa verrata nÀitÀ
turvallisuutta kuvaavia suureita eri vierasaineiden kesken.
Valvontaviranomaiset voivat löytÀÀ lisÀksi nopeasti tietoa lainsÀÀdÀnnöstÀ
ja suositelluista valvontatoimenpiteistÀ. Valvontaan ja muuhun riskinhallintaan
liittyvÀt ehdotukset ovat syntyneet yhteistyössÀ valvonnasta vastaavien
Eviran asiantuntijoiden kanssa.De kemiska kontaminanterna förknippade med livsmedel och dricksvatten
beskrivs nu i förnyad form. Rapporten behandlar 40 frÀmmande Àmnen
eller grupper av frÀmmande Àmnen och ger samtidigt en bild av hela
problemfÀltet. Alla kemiska föreningar som valts med i rapporten har pÄ
senare Är tagits med i beredningar och ÄtgÀrder som gÀllt riskhantering i
frÄga om livsmedel och/eller dricksvatten sÄvÀl pÄ nationell nivÄ som pÄ
EU-nivÄ. Om största delen av de kemiska farorna fanns tillgÄng till rikliga
mÀngder information: förekomsten i livsmedel, analyser och intagsberÀkningar,
skadeverkningarna pÄ hÀlsan och behov som hÀnför sig till tillsynen
och slutligen ocksÄ tÀckande litteraturöversikter.
Inalles 21 inkallade finska experter pÄ frÀmmande Àmnen frÄn forskningsanstalter
i olika sektorer har deltagit i arbetet med att skriva och granska
innehÄllet i denna rapport. En stor mÀngd andra experter har ocksÄ kommenterat
rapporten. Experterna representerar olika förvaltningsomrÄden
och ocksÄ en del av Àmnena som behandlats och de frÀmmande Àmnena
som hÀnför sig till dem, sÄsom frÀmmande Àmnen i dricksvattnet, hör förvaltningsmÀssigt
till andra expertinstitut Àn de som Àr understÀllda jord- och
skogsbruksministeriet. Denna rapport har utarbetats för en sÄ bred skara
lÀsare som möjligt beaktande sÄvÀl myndigheterna och konsumenterna
som undervisnings- och forskningsanstalter.
Rapporten har gjorts lÀtt att anvÀnda och sÄ tydlig och kortfattad som möjligt
med mÄngahanda tabeller och figurer. Meningen Àr att rapporten skall
ge information om olika frÀmmande Àmnens egenskaper som vid behov
kan jÀmföras. Rapporten redogör för de senaste forskningsresultaten och
internationella riskvÀrderingar och den ger ocksÄ information om halterna
frÀmmande Àmnen sÀrskilt i inhemska livsmedel. De berÀknade intagen
frÀmmande Àmnen kan jÀmföras med de tolerabla dagliga intagen
som faststÀllts för frÀmmande Àmnen eller ocksÄ kan dessa storheter som
beskriver sÀkerheten jÀmföras olika frÀmmande Àmnen emellan.
Tillsynsmyndigheter kan ocksÄ snabbt finna information om lagstiftningen
och rekommenderade tillsynsÄtgÀrder. Förslagen som hÀnför sig till tillsynen
och annan riskhantering har uppkommit i samarbete med de experter pÄ
Evira som svarar för tillsynen.The chemical contaminants of foodstuffs and household water are now
described in a revised form. The report addresses 40 contaminants or groups
of contaminants and, at the same time, provides an overview of the whole
problematic. All the chemical compounds selected for the report have in
the recent years been included at both national and EU level in deliberations
and measures pertaining to the risk management of foodstuffs and/of
household water. An abundance of information is available on the majority
of chemical hazards; occurrence in foodstuffs, research and intake calculations,
health effects and needs related to control and finally a comprehensive
literary review.
A total of 21 Finnish experts in contaminants from various sector research
institutes were invited to take part in the preparation and review of the
content of this report. A large number of other experts have also provided
comments on the report. The experts represent different administrative sectors
and some of the topics and of the associated contaminants, such as the
contaminants of household water, are also administratively managed by
other expert institutes, which are not organised under the Ministry of Agriculture
and Forestry. This report is designed to an as wide audience as
possible, taking into account authorities and consumers as well as educational
and research institutes.
The report has been drawn up in an easy-to-use form to be as clear and
concise in words as possible with a multitude of tables and figures. It is
designed to provide easy reference to the properties of various contaminants
for comparison purposes, if required. It contains the most recent
research results and international risk assessments and lists contaminant
level data on particularly domestic foodstuffs. The estimated contaminant
intakes can be compared with the tolerable intake levels set for contaminants
or different contaminants can be compared with each other in terms
of these magnitudes that express the safety of the foodstuff.
Control authorities can quickly find information about regulations and
recommended control action. The suggestions related to control and other
risk management efforts have been drawn up in cooperation with Eviraâs
experts in charge of control
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically healthy obesity in Europe: a collaborative analysis of ten large cohort studies
Peer reviewe
DataSHIELD: taking the analysis to the data, not the data to the analysis
Research in modern biomedicine and social science requires sample sizes so large that they can often only be achieved through a pooled co-analysis of data from several studies. But the pooling of information from individuals in a central database that may be queried by researchers raises important ethico-legal questions and can be controversial. In the UK this has been highlighted by recent debate and controversy relating to the UK's proposed 'care.data' initiative, and these issues reflect important societal and professional concerns about privacy, confidentiality and intellectual property. DataSHIELD provides a novel technological solution that can circumvent some of the most basic challenges in facilitating the access of researchers and other healthcare professionals to individual-level data. Commands are sent from a central analysis computer (AC) to several data computers (DCs) storing the data to be co-analysed. The data sets are analysed simultaneously but in parallel. The separate parallelized analyses are linked by non-disclosive summary statistics and commands transmitted back and forth between the DCs and the AC. This paper describes the technical implementation of DataSHIELD using a modified R statistical environment linked to an Opal database deployed behind the computer firewall of each DC. Analysis is controlled through a standard R environment at the AC. Based on this Opal/R implementation, DataSHIELD is currently used by the Healthy Obese Project and the Environmental Core Project (BioSHaRE-EU) for the federated analysis of 10 data sets across eight European countries, and this illustrates the opportunities and challenges presented by the DataSHIELD approach. DataSHIELD facilitates important research in settings where: (i) a co-analysis of individual-level data from several studies is scientifically necessary but governance restrictions prohibit the release or sharing of some of the required data, and/or render data access unacceptably slow; (ii) a research group (e.g. in a developing nation) is particularly vulnerable to loss of intellectual property-the researchers want to fully share the information held in their data with national and international collaborators, but do not wish to hand over the physical data themselves; and (iii) a data set is to be included in an individual-level co-analysis but the physical size of the data precludes direct transfer to a new site for analysis