The impact of immigration on the Norwegian labour market.

As immigration levels increase in Norway, there has been a growing concern of whether jobs of native workers are being taken by immigrants. Another issue is: does an increase in labour supply (as a result of immigration) lead to a fall in wages of native workers? These two concerns have been at the centre of most policy debates in recent year. This thesis provides a blueprint on how research on the impact of immigration on the unemployment rate and wages of native workers can be carried out using natural experiments. Particularly, I present a difference-in-differences research design which can be applied in an empirical immigration study involving different groups and periods within a natural experiment framework. I also present a theoretical model based on modern labour economics which gives a detailed explanation of how immigration affects the labour market of the host country which is globally applicable and can be applied within the context of Norway. This thesis also provides a summary of the Norwegian migration history, and a brief account of the labour market. To the best of my knowledge there is no literature on the labour market impact of immigration which makes use of natural experiments in Norway. This study maybe a starting point for a possible empirical immigration study which makes use of natural experiments in Norway

Mathematical Modeling, Simulation, and Time Series Analysis of Seasonal Epidemics.

Seasonal and non-seasonal Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) models are formulated and analyzed. It is proved that the disease-free steady state of the non-seasonal model is locally asymptotically stable if Rv \u3c 1, and disease invades if Rv \u3e 1. For the seasonal SEIRS model, it is shown that the disease-free periodic solution is locally asymptotically stable when R̅v \u3c 1, and I(t) is persistent with sustained oscillations when R̅v \u3e 1. Numerical simulations indicate that the orbit representing I(t) decays when R̅v \u3c 1 \u3c Rv. The seasonal SEIRS model with routine and pulse vaccination is simulated, and results depict an unsustained decrease in the maximum of prevalence of infectives upon the introduction of routine vaccination and a sustained decrease as pulse vaccination is introduced in the population. Mortality data of pneumonia and influenza is collected and analyzed. A decomposition of the data is analyzed, trend and seasonality effects ascertained, and a forecasting strategy proposed

Models Linking Epidemiology with Immunology and Ecology

Optimal control can be used to design intervention strategies for the control of infectious diseases and predator-prey systems. In this dissertation, we studied models encapsulating two relatively new areas of mathematical biology, which combine epidemiology with immunology and ecology. We formulated immuno-epidemiological models of coupled within-host model of ordinary differential equations and between-host model of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations, using the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) for illustration, and set a framework for optimal control of immuno-epidemiological models. By constructing an iterative sequence from a representation formula for a solution to the linked model and using the fixed-point argument, existence and uniqueness of solution to the immuno-epidemiological model are obtained. An explicit expression for the basic reproduction number, R0 (R zero), of the linked model is derived, and local asymptotic and global stability results are obtained when R01, it is shown that the endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable. An optimal control problem with drug-treatment control on the within-host system is formulated and analyzed; these results are novel for optimal control of ODEs linked with such first order PDEs. Numerical simulations based on a forward-backward sweep method are obtained. Our analysis and control techniques give a new tool for investigating immuno-epidemiological models for other diseases. An eco-epidemiological model of predator and prey, motivated by cats and birds on the Marion Island, is formulated and analyzed. Basic and demographic reproduction numbers are obtained, and stability analysis of equilibria is investigated. An optimal control problem involving scalar and time-dependent controls is formulated and analyzed. Existence, characterization and uniqueness results are obtained. Numerical simulations based on a forward-backward sweep method illustrate the possibility of eradicating predators and conserving prey when a combination of control strategies are applied

カメルーンにおける自動車リサイクルのポテンシャル評価

要約のみTohoku University松八重一代課

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION TEACHERS AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS IN SECONDARY GRAMMAR SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON

This study investigated the influence of professional development of citizenship education teachers on the moral development of students in secondary grammar schools of the South West Region of Cameroon. The sample of the study was made up of 143 citizenship education teachers. Three sampling techniques were used in this study namely; the stratified, purposive and the simple random sampling techniques. The research design used was the sequential explanatory design. The research instruments used were teachers’ questionnaire as well as interview guide for Heads of Department for Citizenship Education. The data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (S.P.S.S). The major finding of the study was that though there is a relationship between professional development of teachers in Citizenship Education and Moral development of student in Secondary Schools, the relationship was not significant. On the basis of this finding it was recommended that a department for Citizenship Education be introduced in teacher training schools and that there should be an increase in the number of Regional and divisional seminars/workshops for Citizenship Education teachers

Discovering The Classification Of Manufacturing Complexity From Malaysian Industry Perspective

Nowadays, manufacturing complexity (MC) is considered as a major challenge in manufacturing industry. MC covers a very wide area in manufacturing practices either within firm's control or out of control, either directly or indirectly with manufacturing routines. As the technology and globalization getting better, the challenges born by MC are also getting tougher. This scenario experienced by worldwide manufacturing firms including Malaysian manufacturing industry. In order to face this challenges, it is essential to manage MC accordingly. Although some researchers expressed MC negatively, it is believed that managing MC in correct manners will be beneficial to manufacturing firms. The first step towards managing MC accordingly is knowing MC itself in every angle. Generally, MC is divided into two division which are internal MC (IM) and external MC (EM). Initially, both division have several elements which the numbers are 30 and 22 elements for IM and EM, respectively. A set of questionnaire survey consisting of these elements has been distributed to representative of manufacturing firms across Malaysia to gather the information and through factorial analysis using Statistical software (SPSS), these elements are classified into smaller number of classification to facilitate towards the better MC management

Antibiotic-resistant microbial populations in urban receiving waters and wastewaters from Tanzania

This research article was published by Elsevier, 2023Antimicrobial resistance against certain medications in the pathogenic microbial community is globally increasing due to the continual discharge and disposal of pharmaceuticals in the environment. The phenomenon resulted in significant antibiotic resistance among several exposed Enterobacteriaceae species, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and rivers serving as significant reservoirs. Despite antibiotic resistance being a tragedy, particularly in treating diseases by using antibiotics, local and regional studies indicating the severity, resistant species and the molecular level insight into these pathogens are scarce, thus requiring immediate intervention. This study, therefore, investigated wastewater from wastewater treatment ponds and receiving waters for the presence of resistant pathogens through phenotypical and molecular approach screening of their genes. Among the 57 analyzed samples, 18 (67%, n = 27) isolates of Klebsiella spp.., 4 (80%, n = 5) isolates of Proteus spp., 1 (100%, n = 1) of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 6 (18%, n = 34) of E. coli found were resistant to at least 1 among the tested antibiotics. E. coli had an 83% higher proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) than Klebsiella spp.., which had 68.5%, and no MDR was shown by P. aeruginosa isolates. Among the 20 bacterial isolates of antibiotic-resistant genes, showed that E. coli harboured 39%, followed by 22% of Klebsiella spp. Eleven (11) isolates of these 20 (55%) contained sulphonamides resistant genes: Sul 1 (n = 4) and Sul 2 (n = 7). Ten (10) isolates (50%) contained the tetracycline-resistant genes in which 4 isolates showed the Tet A, Tet B – 1 and 5 isolates contained Tet D. β-lactamases (bla CTX-M and bla SHV) were found in 7 isolates (35%). The existence of these antibiotic-resistant species in the urban receiving and wastewater presents a threat of transmission of diseases to humans and animals that are not cured by the existing medications, jeopardizing public health safety