Effect of differently fed farmed gilthead sea bream consumption on platelet aggregation and circulating haemostatic markers among apparently healthy adults:A double-blind randomized crossover trial

Fish consumption beneficially affects coagulation markers. Few dietary intervention studies have investigated differently fed farmed fish against these cardio-metabolic risk factors in humans. This double-blind randomized crossover trial evaluated differently fed farmed gilthead sea bream consumption against platelet aggregation and circulating haemostatic markers among apparently healthy adults. Subjects aged 30–65 years, with a body mass index 24.0–31.0 kg/m2, consuming less than 150 g cooked fish per week, were recruited in Attica, Greece. Participants were randomized (n = 38, 1:1) to one of two sequences; consumption of fish fed with fish oil diet (conventional fish, CF)/fish fed with olive pomace-enriched diet (enriched fish, EF) versus EF/CF. The primary outcomes were ex vivo human platelet aggregation and circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and P-selectin (sP-selectin) concentrations. EF consumption had no significant effect on platelet sensitivity or haemostatic markers compared to CF. Platelet sensitivity to platelet-activating factor (PAF) decreased after CF consumption during the second period (p p < 0.01 for both). Based on current findings, consumption of enriched farmed gilthead sea bream had no greater effect on coagulation markers in adults compared to the conventionally fed fish

Effect of dietary habits on markers of inflammation during the 10-year follow-up of the ATTICA study

Aims: Τo study plasma IL-6, adiponectin, amino acids and metabolites related to amino acid and one-carbon metabolism in association with MetS and dietary patterns evaluated with a posteriori method. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out during 2011-2012. Participants were recruited from the general population of 30 years and over living in Athens and the greater area of the Attica province. Concentration of total adiponectin and IL-6 in plasma was determined with ELISA method, among 159 men (53 ± 9 years) and 125 women (52 ± 9 years). Concentration of 35 plasma amino acids and metabolites was determined with GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, among 100 men (54.6 ± 8.9 years). Definition of MetS was based on the AHA/NHLBI and IDF criteria. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to extract population-based amino acid/ metabolite patterns and dietary patterns. Results: Adiponectin was inversely associated with MetS (OR, 95% CI: 0.829, 0.762- 0.902, IDF, and 0.840, 0.772- 0.914, AHA/NHLBI). Interleukin-6 was not significantly associated with MetS. Neither adiponectin nor IL-6 were significantly associated with dietary patterns. The BCAA/AAA related metabolite pattern was associated with MetS (OR, 95% CI: 6.41, 2.43-16.91). In contrast, the Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn related metabolite pattern was inversely associated with MetS (0.47, 0.23-0.96). The BCAA/AAA and Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn related patterns were negatively associated with dietary patterns “fruits” and “meat, meat products, high fat cheese, eggs, sweeteners, bakery products, fried potatoes”, respectively [B, 95% confidence interval: -0.225, (-0.418) – (-0.033) and -0.215 (-0.414) – (-0.015)]. Conclusions: Plasma adiponectin is significantly associated with MetS, whereas there is no significant association with population-based dietary patterns. The BCAA/AAA and Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn related patterns are significantly associated with MetS, but in opposite directions. In addition, the BCAA/AAA and Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn related patterns are significantly associated with specific dietary patterns evaluated in the present study, which differ on the basis of previously reported health effects.Σκοπός: Να μελετήσουμε την IL-6, την αντιπονεκτίνη και ένα ευρύ φάσμα αμινοξέων και μεταβολιτών αμινοξέων και ενώσεων ενός ατόμου άνθρακα του πλάσματος σε σχέση με το μεταβολικό σύνδρομο (ΜΣ) και τα διατροφικά πρότυπα όπως αξιολογούνται με μέθοδο a posteriori. Μεθοδολογία: Η μελέτη είναι συγχρονική και πραγματοποιήθηκε την περίοδο 2011 - 2012 στην Αθήνα και την ευρύτερη περιοχή του νομού Αττικής. Οι συμμετέχοντες προέρχονται από τον γενικό πληθυσμό ηλικίας άνω των 30 ετών. Μετρήθηκε η συγκέντρωση αντιπονεκτίνης και IL-6 στο πλάσμα με τη μέθοδο ELISA, σε 159 άνδρες (53 ± 9 ετών) και 125 γυναίκες (52 ± 9 ετών). Μετρήθηκε η συγκέντρωση 35 αμινοξέων και μεταβολιτών στο πλάσμα με τις μεθόδους GC-MS/MS και LC-MS/MS, σε 100 άνδρες (54,6 ± 8,9 ετών). Το ΜΣ ορίστηκε βάσει των κριτηρίων του AHA/NHLBI και του IDF. Εφαρμόσαμε την ανάλυση σε κύριες συνιστώσες (PCA) για την εξαγωγή παραγόντων αμινοξέων/ μεταβολιτών και διατροφικών προτύπων. Αποτελέσματα: Η αντιπονεκτίνη συσχετίστηκε αντιστρόφως με το ΜΣ (OR, 95% CI: 0,829, 0,762- 0,902, IDF, και 0,840, 0,772- 0,914, AHA/NHLBI). Η IL-6 δεν συσχετίστηκε με το ΜΣ. Δεν παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική γραμμική συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στην IL-6 ή την αντιπονεκτίνη και τα διατροφικά πρότυπα. Ο παράγοντας μεταβολιτών BCAA/AAA συσχετίστηκε με το ΜΣ (OR, 95% CI: 6,41, 2,43-16,91), ενώ ο παράγοντας Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn συσχετίστηκε αντιστρόφως με το ΜΣ (0,47, 0,23-0,96). Οι παράγοντες BCAA/AAA και Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn συσχετίστηκαν αρνητικά με τα διατροφικά πρότυπα «φρούτα» και «κρέας, κρεατοσκευάσματα, λιπαρά τυριά, αυγά, γλυκαντικές ύλες, αρτοσκευάσματα, τηγανιτές πατάτες», αντιστοίχως [Β, 95% διάστημα εμπιστοσύνης: -0,225 (-0,418) – (-0,033) και -0,215 (-0,414) – (-0,015)]. Συμπεράσματα: Η αντιπονεκτίνη πλάσματος συσχετίζεται με το ΜΣ, ενώ δεν παρουσιάζει σημαντική συσχέτιση με τα διατροφικά πρότυπα της μελέτης. Οι παράγοντες BCAA/AAA και Gln/Gly/Ser/Asn συσχετίζονται με το ΜΣ, αλλά σε αντίθετη κατεύθυνση, και συσχετίζονται με διατροφικά πρότυπα που διαφέρουν ως προς τις αναφερόμενες επιδράσεις τους στην υγεία

Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways

Effect of Differently Fed Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream Consumption on Platelet Aggregation and Circulating Haemostatic Markers among Apparently Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial

Fish consumption beneficially affects coagulation markers. Few dietary intervention studies have investigated differently fed farmed fish against these cardio-metabolic risk factors in humans. This double-blind randomized crossover trial evaluated differently fed farmed gilthead sea bream consumption against platelet aggregation and circulating haemostatic markers among apparently healthy adults. Subjects aged 30–65 years, with a body mass index 24.0–31.0 kg/m2, consuming less than 150 g cooked fish per week, were recruited in Attica, Greece. Participants were randomized (n = 38, 1:1) to one of two sequences; consumption of fish fed with fish oil diet (conventional fish, CF)/fish fed with olive pomace-enriched diet (enriched fish, EF) versus EF/CF. The primary outcomes were ex vivo human platelet aggregation and circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and P-selectin (sP-selectin) concentrations. EF consumption had no significant effect on platelet sensitivity or haemostatic markers compared to CF. Platelet sensitivity to platelet-activating factor (PAF) decreased after CF consumption during the second period (p &lt; 0.01). Plasma PAI-1 and sP-selectin concentrations increased after CF consumption during both periods (p &lt; 0.01 for both). Based on current findings, consumption of enriched farmed gilthead sea bream had no greater effect on coagulation markers in adults compared to the conventionally fed fish

Consumption of Farmed Fish, Fed with an Olive-Pomace Enriched Diet, and Its Effect on the Inflammatory, Redox, and Platelet-Activating Factor Enzyme Profile of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Trial

A fish-rich diet has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health. The platelet activating factor (PAF) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis, and in vitro results support the regulating action of bioactive nutrients on PAF metabolism. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the consumption of farmed fish fed with an olive-pomace enriched diet (EF) affects PAF metabolism and the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress compared to the consumption of conventionally fed farmed fish (CF). Thirty apparently healthy adults completed a randomized double-blind crossover trial, during which they consumed both CF and EF twice a week for 8 weeks with a six-week washout period in between. The activities of PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), lysoPAF acetyltransferase (lysoPAF-AT), DTT-insensitive CDP-choline: 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-choline-phosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) in leukocytes, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2) in serum were determined. The quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the serum oxidation, were also determined. Both types of fish exerted similar effects as there were no statistically significant differences between the two interventions except for an elevated PAF-CPT and reduced arachidonic acid (AA) in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane lipids after the EF intake

Effectiveness, reach, uptake, and feasibility of digital health interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background Digital health interventions have shown promising results for the management of type 2 diabetes, but a comparison of the effectiveness and implementation of the different modes is not currently available. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of SMS, smartphone application, and website-based interventions on improving glycaemia in adults with type 2 diabetes and report on their reach, uptake, and feasibility. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo on May 25, 2022, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effectiveness of digital health interventions in reducing glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in adults with type 2 diabetes, published in English from Jan 1, 2009. Screening was carried out using Covidence, and data were extracted following Cochrane's guidelines. The primary endpoint assessed was the change in the mean (and 95% CI) plasma concentration of HbA1c at 3 months or more. Cochrane risk of bias 2 was used to assess risk of bias. Data on reach, uptake, and feasibility were summarised narratively and data on HbA1c reduction were synthesised in a meta-analysis. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria was used to evaluate the level of evidence. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021247845. Findings Of the 3236 records identified, 56 RCTs from 24 regions (n=11 486 participants), were included in the narrative synthesis, and 26 studies (n=4546 participants) in the meta-analysis. 20 studies used SMS as the primary mode of delivery of the digital health intervention, 25 used smartphone applications, and 11 implemented interventions via websites. Smartphone application interventions reported higher reach compared with SMS and website-based interventions, but website-based interventions reported higher uptake compared with SMS and smartphone application interventions. Effective interventions, in general, included people with greater severity of their condition at baseline (ie, higher HbA1c) and administration of a higher dose intensity of the intervention, such as more frequent use of smartphone applications. Overall, digital health intervention group participants had a –0·30 (95% CI –0·42 to –0·19) percentage point greater reduction in HbA1c, compared with control group participants. The difference in HbA1c reduction between groups was statistically significant when interventions were delivered through smartphone applications (–0·42% [–0·63 to –0·20]) and via SMS (–0·37% [–0·57 to –0·17]), but not when delivered via websites (–0·09% [–0·64 to 0·46]). Due to the considerable heterogeneity between included studies, the level of evidence was moderate overall. Interpretation Smartphone application and SMS interventions, but not website-based interventions, were associated with better glycaemic control. However, the studies' heterogeneity should be recognised. Considering that both smartphone application and SMS interventions are effective for diabetes management, clinicians should consider factors such as reach, uptake, patient preference, and context of the intervention when deciding on the mode of delivery of the intervention. Nine in ten people worldwide own a feature phone and can receive SMS and four in five people have access to a smartphone, with numerous smartphone applications being available for diabetes management. Clinicians should familiarise themselves with this modality of programme delivery and encourage people with type 2 diabetes to use evidence-based applications for improving their self-management of diabetes. Future research needs to describe in detail the mediators and moderators of the effectiveness and implementation of SMS and smartphone application interventions, such as the optimal dose, frequency, timing, user interface, and communication mode to both further improve their effectiveness and to increase their reach, uptake, and feasibility