11,276 research outputs found
A Proof of Tarskiâs Fixed Point Theorem by Application of Galois Connections
Two examples of Galois connections and their dual forms are considered. One
of them is applied to formulate a criterion when a given subset of a complete lattice forms
a complete lattice. The second, closely related to the first, is used to prove in a short way
the Knaster-Tarskiâs fixed point theore
Radiative transitions of and
We study radiative decays of and using
light-cone QCD sum rules. In particular, we consider the decay modes
and and evaluate the hadronic parameters in the transition
amplitudes analyzing correlation functions of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and
axial-vector quark currents. In the case of
we also consider determinations based on two different correlation functions in
HQET. The decay widths turn out to be different than previous estimates
obtained by other methods; the results favour the interpretation of
and as ordinary mesons.Comment: RevTex, 23 pages, 9 eps figure
Quantitative analysis of pedestrian counterflow in a cellular automaton model
Pedestrian dynamics exhibits various collective phenomena. Here we study
bidirectional pedestrian flow in a floor field cellular automaton model. Under
certain conditions, lane formation is observed. Although it has often been
studied qualitatively, e.g., as a test for the realism of a model, there are
almost no quantitative results, neither empirically nor theoretically. As basis
for a quantitative analysis we introduce an order parameter which is adopted
from the analysis of colloidal suspensions. This allows to determine a phase
diagram for the system where four different states (free flow, disorder, lanes,
gridlock) can be distinguished. Although the number of lanes formed is
fluctuating, lanes are characterized by a typical density. It is found that the
basic floor field model overestimates the tendency towards a gridlock compared
to experimental bounds. Therefore an anticipation mechanism is introduced which
reduces the jamming probability.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Tuning of the spin-orbit interaction in a quantum dot by an in-plane magnetic field
Using an exact diagonalization approach we show that one- and two-electron
InAs quantum dots exhibit avoided crossing in the energy spectra that are
induced by the spin-orbit coupling in the presence of an in-plane external
magnetic field. The width of the avoided crossings depends strongly on the
orientation of the magnetic field which reveals the intrinsic anisotropy of the
spin-orbit coupling interactions. We find that for specific orientations of the
magnetic field avoided crossings vanish. Value of this orientation can be used
to extract the ratio of the strength of Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions.
The spin-orbit anisotropy effects for various geometries and orientations of
the confinement potential are discussed. Our analysis explains the physics
behind the recent measurements performed on a gated self-assembled quantum dot
[S. Takahashi et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 246801 (2010)].Comment: Corrected according to referees comment
Monte Carlo Simulation of Ising Models with Dipole Interaction
Recently, a new memory effect was found in the metamagnetic domain structure
of the diluted Ising antiferromagnet by domain imaging
with Faraday contrast. Essential for this effect is the dipole interaction. We
simulate the low temperature behavior of diluted Ising-antiferromagnets by a
Monte Carlo simulation considering long range interaction. The metamagnetic
domain structure occurring due to the dipole interaction is investigated by
graphical representation. In the model considered the antiferromagnetic state
is stable for an external magnetic field smaller than a lower boundary
while for fields larger than an upper boundary the system is in the
saturated paramagnetic phase, where the spins are ferromagnetically polarized.
For magnetic fields in between these two boundaries a mixed phase occurs
consisting of ferromagnetic domains in an antiferromagnetic background. The
position of these ferromagnetic domains is stored in the system: after a cycle
in which the field is first removed and afterwards applied again the domains
reappear at their original positions. The reason for this effect can be found
in the frozen antiferromagnetic domain state which occurs after removing the
field.Comment: Latex, 10 pages; 3 postsript-figures, compressed tar-file, uuencoded,
report 10109
Constrained Monte Carlo Method and Calculation of the Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Anisotropy
We introduce a constrained Monte Carlo method which allows us to traverse the
phase space of a classical spin system while fixing the magnetization
direction. Subsequently we show the method's capability to model the
temperature dependence of magnetic anisotropy, and for bulk uniaxial and cubic
anisotropies we recover the low-temperature Callen-Callen power laws in M. We
also calculate the temperature scaling of the 2-ion anisotropy in L10 FePt, and
recover the experimentally observed M^2.1 scaling. The method is newly applied
to evaluate the temperature dependent effective anisotropy in the presence of
the N'eel surface anisotropy in thin films with different easy axis
configurations. In systems having different surface and bulk easy axes, we show
the capability to model the temperature-induced reorientation transition. The
intrinsic surface anisotropy is found to follow a linear temperature behavior
in a large range of temperatures
A coarse grained model of granular compaction and relaxation
We introduce a theoretical model for the compaction of granular materials by discrete vibrations which is expected to hold when the intensity of vibration is low. The dynamical unit is taken to be clusters of granules that belong to the same collective structure. We rigourously construct the model from first principles and show that numerical solutions compare favourably with a range of experimental results. This includes the logarithmic relaxation towards a statistical steady state, the effect of varying the intensity of vibration resulting in a so-called `annealing' curve, and the power spectrum of density fluctuations in the steady state itself. A mean-field version of the model is introduced which shares many features with the exact model and is open to quantitative analysi
Factorization of Numbers with the temporal Talbot effect: Optical implementation by a sequence of shaped ultrashort pulses
We report on the successful operation of an analogue computer designed to
factor numbers. Our device relies solely on the interference of classical light
and brings together the field of ultrashort laser pulses with number theory.
Indeed, the frequency component of the electric field corresponding to a
sequence of appropriately shaped femtosecond pulses is determined by a Gauss
sum which allows us to find the factors of a number
Resonant harmonic generation and collective spin rotations in electrically driven quantum dots
Spin rotations induced by an AC electric field in a two-electron double
quantum dot are studied by an exact numerical solution of the time dependent
Schroedinger equation in the context of recent electric dipole spin resonance
experiments based on the Pauli blockade. We demonstrate that the splitting of
the main resonance line by the spin exchange coupling is accompanied by the
appearance of fractional resonances and that both these effects are triggered
by interdot tunnel coupling. We find that the AC driven system generates
residual but distinct harmonics of the driving frequency which are amplified
when tuned to the main transition frequency. The mechanism is universal for
electron systems in electrically driven potentials and works also in the
absence of electron-electron interaction or spin-orbit coupling.Comment: Corrected version accepted for PR
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