Mejora de los procesos de rehabilitación ecológica en áreas de exploración minera de la provincia de Santiago de Chuco, departamento de La Libertad

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de BiologíaEl presente trabajo presenta los resultados de las mejoras propuestas como supervisor de salud, seguridad y ambiente de la empresa CHESS Consulting & Project S.A.C. en proyectos de exploración durante la fase de rehabilitación ecológica, ubicados en la provincia de Santiago de Chuco del departamento de La Libertad. Se incide, principalmente, en los métodos de restauración de cobertura vegetal, los cuales contemplaban inicialmente la siembra de plantones de gramíneas nativas extraídas del ambiente natural circundante. Se propuso sustituir la saca y puesta de dichas matas por afectar el entorno natural que no se hallaba comprendido dentro del área del proyecto, por la siembra directa de plantasforrajeras de crecimiento rápido, las que no solo evitarían la erosión, sino que crearían zonas de pastoreo focalizadas que, a la larga, beneficiarán a las comunidades circundantes y evitará que se quemen zonas previamente no afectadas para alimentar al ganado. Hacia el fin del proyecto, la siembra se verificó exitosa, con brotes a los catorce días de siembra por voleo, y zonas aptas para el pastoreo de ganado ovino en 35 días, así como el enraizamiento y la proliferación de las matas trasplantadas de ichu. Esto fue aceptado por la población local, que participó del proceso de rehabilitación.This work presents the results of the proposed improvements as supervisor of health, safety and environment of the company CHESS Consulting & Project S.A.C. in exploration projects during the ecological rehabilitation phase, located in the province of Santiago de Chuco in the department of La Libertad. The main focus is on vegetation restoration methods, which initially contemplated the planting of native grass seedlings extracted from the surrounding natural environment. It was proposed to replace the transplantation of living grasses by affecting the natural environment that was not included within the project area, by the direct sowing of fastgrowing forage plants, which would not only prevent erosion, but would also create areas of grazing that will ultimately benefit surrounding communities and prevent previously unaffected areas from being burned to feed livestock. Towards the end of the project, sowing was verified successful, with emergence of plantules fourteen days after broadcast sowing, and the obtention of areas suitable for grazing sheep in 35 days, as well as rooting and proliferation of transplanted ichu bushes. This was accepted by the local population, who participated in the rehabilitation process

UNA NOTA NOMENCLATURAL Y CULTURAL SOBRE CHLORELLA PERUVIANA G. CHACÓN Y OTRAS SPECIES DEL GÉNERO CHLORELLA BEIJ. (CHLORELLACEAE, CHLORELLALES)

On the course of our investigations on the culture of Chlorella peruviana G. Chacón, it becameapparent that some nomenclatural changes were necessary within the genus. Here, we presentthose changes: transfer of C. pyrenoidosa H. Chick to Auxenochlorella as A. pyrenoidosa (H. Chick) Molinari & Calvo-Pérez comb. nov.; the replacement name C. gloriae Molinari nom. nov. for C. salina Butcher; and the lectotypification of C. peruviana G. Chacón. Finally, the liquid medium Calderón for marine algae is validated for this last species.En el transcurso de investigaciones fisiológicas con Chlorella peruviana G. Chacón, se hizo evidente la necesidad de cambios nomenclaturales en el género. Presentamos dichos cambios a continuación, a saber: la transferencia de C. pyrenoidosa H. Chick a Auxenochlorella como A. pyrenoidosa (H. Chick) Molinari & Calvo-Pérez comb. nov.; el nombre de remplazo C. gloriae Molinari nom nov. para C. salina Butcher, y la lectotipificación de C. peruviana G. Chacón. Finalmente, el medio líquido Calderón para algas marinas es validado para el cultivo de esta última especie

UNA NOTA NOMENCLATURALY CULTURAL SOBRE CHLORELLA PERUVIANA G. CHACÓN Y OTRAS SPECIES DEL GÉNERO CHLORELLA BEIJ. (CHLORELLACEAE, CHLORELLALES)

En el transcurso de investigaciones fisiológicas con Chlorella peruviana G. Chacón, se hizo evidente la necesidad de cambios nomenclaturales en el género. Presentamos dichos cambios a continuación, a saber: la transferencia de C. pyrenoidosa H. Chick a Auxenochlorella como A. pyrenoidosa (H. Chick) Molinari & Calvo-Pérez comb. nov.; el nombre de remplazo C. gloriae Molinari nom nov. para C. salina Butcher, y la lectotipificación de C. peruviana G. Chacón. Finalmente, el medio líquido Calderón para algas marinas es validado para el cultivo de esta última especie

Review of the Trifolium amabile Complex in Peru, with the Description of a New Species

Here, we describe Trifolium absconditum sp. nov., a new species of the T. amabile complex from South America. It differs from other Peruvian Trifolia of the complex by having smaller stipules, leaves, inflorescences, and floral pieces. A key for Peruvian species of the complex is presented, and typifications for them are made when necessary and material is available in Peruvian herbaria. Thus, the number of Peruvian species in the complex is elevated to three: T. amabile, T. absconditum, and a resurrected T. peruvianum. Finally, it is suggested that Chile must be excluded from the distribution of this complex

Note taxinomique sur le genre Orchidotypus (= Fernandezia) en Colombie et au P\ue9rou

Volume: 15Start Page: 266End Page: 26

Taxonomic transfers to Fernandezia (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) and Maxillaria (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae)

Volume: 16Start Page: 41End Page: 4

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field