The results of diagnosis and treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in children at the background of chronic tonsillar infection

Biocenosis of sulcus in chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis children (CGCG) without background pathology and with chronic tonsillitis (CH) has been investigated. Its development and clinical course depending on dominant microbial agent (streptococci or staphylococci) are specified. This expands  our knowledge about etiology and pathogenesis of CGCG. The results of local immunity and nonspecific resistance study in CGCG children with/ without contaminant pathology are given. A new method of the patients under study treatment has been worked out and clinically tested. It has been established that the use of the complex offered allowes to reduce a number of complications, relapses, and increases the general efficacy of treatment.

Prevention method of toric intraocular lens rotation after phacoemulsification of cataract using a standard capsule ring

At the same time, phacoemulsification of cataracts remains the most popular surgery. But the problem among phacosurgeons is the correction of existing corneal astigmatism. According to studies, about 30% of the world's population have corneal astigmatism with a strength of 0.75D and above, which leads to a decrease in visual acuity after phacoemulsification of cataracts in the absence of its correction.The most commonly used method to correct corneal astigmatism is the implantation of toric intraocular lenses (TIOL). The main condition for obtaining high visual acuity after TIOL implantation is the location of the astigmatic component of the artificial lens in accordance with the strong meridian of the cornea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method of preventing the toric intraocular lens rotation after phacoemulsification of cataracts in the eyes with corneal astigmatism by implantation of a standart capsule ring.Material and methods. The article presents the results of a comprehensive examination of 43 patients (59 eyes) who underwent surgery by phacoemulsification of cataracts with implantation of toric IOL to correct concomitant corneal astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism according to keratometry ranged from 0.5D to 4.25D (average 1.96 ± 0.1 D). Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 26 patients (31 eyes). Patients in this group underwent phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation according to standard techniques without the use of techniques that prevent rotation of the artificial lens in the postoperative period. The second group included 18 patients (28 eyes) who were operated on according to our proposed prevention method of TIOL rotation. As a result of the study, it was found that rotation of TIOL was detected 6 months after surgery in the I group without the use of developed method in 22 eyes (70.9%), in the II group, where the capsule ring was implanted, rotation occurred in 12 eyes (42.85%). In the II group in all cases, the deviation of the TIOL axis did not exceed 6 degrees. The proposed method of prevention of rotation of TIOL allows to increase the efficiency of phacoemulsification of cataracts.Conclusions. Developed a method of preventing the rotation of the toric intraocular lens using a standard capsule ring, which is implanted and located on top of the haptic support elements of the artificial lens can increase the efficiency of phacoemulsification of cataracts in the eyes with corneal astigmatism, contributes to the rotational stability of the toric lens and provides long-term results of visual functions, reduces the need for repeated surgery due to reposition of the rotated lens and can be recommended for implementation in the practice of ophthalmic surgeons.The use of implantation of a standard capsule ring according to the proposed in this study method prevents the rotation of the toric intraocular lens by more than 6 degrees in all cases, which does not significantly reduce visual acuity and does not require reposition of the artificial lens. This method of preventing rotation of the toric intraocular lens allows to achieve visual acuity of 0.7 and above in 85.6% of cases

21-я Международная конференция статистиков труда

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On the nature of picobirnaviruses

The picobirnaviruses (Picobirnaviridae, Picobirnavirus, PBVs) are currently thought to be animal viruses, as they are usually found in animal stool samples. However, no animal model or cell culture for their propagation has yet been found. In 2018, a hypothetical assumption about PBVs belonging to prokaryotic viruses was put forward and experimentally substantiated. This hypothesis is based on the presence of Shine–Dalgarno sequences in the genome of all PBVs before three reading frames (ORF) at the ribosomal binding site, with which the prokaryotic genome is saturated, while in the eukaryotic genome such regions occur with low frequency. The genome saturation with the Shine–Dalgarno sequences, as well as the preservation of this saturation in the progeny, according to scientists, allows us to attribute PBVs to prokaryotic viruses. On the other hand, there is a possibility that PBVs belong to viruses of eukaryotic hosts – fungi or invertebrates, since PBV­like sequences similar to the genome of fungal viruses from the families of mitoviruses and partitiviruses have been identified. In this regard, the idea arose that, in terms of reproduction mode, PBVs resemble fungal viruses. The divergence of views on the true PBV host(s) has sparked discussions among scientists and required further research to elucidate their nature. The review highlights the results of the search for a PBV host. The reasons for the occurrence of atypical sequences among the PBV genome sequences that use an alter­ native mitochondrial code of lower eukaryotes (fungi and invertebrates) for the translation of viral RNA­dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) instead of the standard genetic code are analyzed. The purpose of the review was to collect arguments in support of the hypothesis about the phage nature of PBVs and to find the most realistic explanation of the reasons for identifying non­standard genomic sequences for PBVs. Based on the hypothesis about the genealogical relationship of PBVs with RNA viruses from other families with similar segmented genomes, such as Reoviridae, Cystoviridae, Totiviridae and Partitiviridae, virologists support the assumption of a decisive role in the origin of atypical PBV­like reassortment strains between PBVs and viruses of the listed families. The collected arguments given in this review indicate a high probability of a phage nature of PBVs. The data presented in the review show that the belonging of PBV­like progeny to prokaryotic or eukaryotic viruses is determined not only by its genome saturation level with a prokaryotic motif, standard or mitochondrial genetic code. The primary structure of the gene encoding the viral capsid protein responsible for the presence or absence of specific proteolytic properties of the virus that determine its ability for independent horizontal transmission into new cells may also be a decisive factor

Picobirnaviruses: prevalence, genetic diversity, detection methods

This article presents a general overview of the prevalence, genetic diversity and detection methods of picobirnaviruses (PBVs), which are small, non-enveloped icosahedral viruses with a segmented double-stranded RNA genome consisting of two segments taxonomically related to the genus Picobirnavirus of the family Picobirnaviridae. This review of scientific papers published in 1988–2019 provides data on the PBV distribution in the nature and a broad host range. PBV infection is characterized as opportunistic, the lack of understanding of the etiological role of PBVs in diarrhea is emphasized, since these viruses are detected both in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. The concept of PBV infection as a chronic disease caused by a long-lasting persistence of the virus in the host is considered. Such factors as stress syndrome, physiological conditions, immune status and host age at the time of primary PBV infection influence the virus detection rate in humans and animals. The possible zoonotic nature of human PBV infection is noted due to the capacity for interspecies PBV transmission acquired during evolution as a result of the reassortment of the genome segments of different viruses infecting the same host. Data providing evidence that PBVs belong to eukaryotes and a challenging hypothesis stating that PBVs are bacterial viruses are presented. The need to intensify work on PBV detection because of their wide distribution, despite the complexity due to the lack of the cultivation system, is emphasized. Two strategies of RT-PCR as main PBV detection methods are considered. The genomes of individual representatives of the genus isolated from different hosts are characterized. Emphasis is placed on the feasibility of developing primers with broader specificity for expanding the range of identifiable representatives of the genus PBV due to a huge variety of their genotypes. The importance of effective monitoring of PBV prevalence for studying the zoonotic and anthroponotic potential using metagenomics analysis is highlighted, and so is the possibility of using PBV as a marker for environmental monitoring

Ranking of spring bread wheat genotypes according to the heading date and growing season duration in different ecogeographic environments

Background. Adaptation of spring bread wheat cultivars to climate change requires a study of the factors affecting the length of their growing season in various environments. An attempt is made to analyze regularities in the effect of ecogeographic conditions on the correlations shown by the duration of the growing season and interphase periods in spring bread wheat genotypes.Materials and methods. Correlation coefficients were studied for the impact of the environment and temperature on the duration of the interphase periods from sprouting to heading (SH) and from heading to yellow ripeness (HR) versus the period from sprouting to yellow ripeness (SR) in VIR’s wheat collection across 18 sites located in Russia and Uzbekistan from 41 to 60°N and from 30 to 135°E. The effect of the genotype and year on SH and HR was studied, and agrometeorological regression models of SH and HR were constructed, based on the data obtained during the studies of the collection in St. Petersburg in 1945–2021.Results. For the sites below 52–54°N, the SR/SH correlation coefficient was generally higher than SR/HR, and in the upper latitudes it was vice versa. The change in the ratio of coefficients occurred due to an increase in the interannual variability of HR at lower temperatures. The effect of HR on SR became greater than that of SH at temperatures below 18°С during HR. The data of a long-term study in St. Petersburg demonstrated that the effect of the genotype on SH was 18.9%, with 68.9% of the year, and the effect of the factors on HR was 4.1 and 71.3%, respectively. Regression models showed that HR was determined by temperature for at least 81%, while SH had a lower coefficient of determination by weather (56%).Conclusion. Ranking of wheat genotypes according to their heading time reflected their differentiation in earliness. A significant contribution of HR was conspicuous under temperatures below 18°C after heading at latitudes above 52–54°N

Morphological features of the inflorescence in jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) accessions from the VIR collection

Background. Jerusalem artichoke (Heliánthus tuberósus L.) is a valuable crop grown for feed, food, industrial and medicinal purposes. Studying biological, geographic, environmental, taxonomic and other features of this species is a vital task, whose solution will help, first of all, to disclose the variability of its traits, develop its intraspecific system, and work out methods for researching into the morphology of Jerusalem artichoke. Analyzing morphological features of its inflorescence and flower is one of the basic components of such a study. Materials and methods. The material for the research was the collection of Jerusalem artichoke maintained in a live condition at Maikop Experiment Station. The inflorescences of 58 accessions were analyzed to investigate eleven traits. Statistical analysis was carried out using StatSoft’s Statistica 13.0 software package. Results and conclusion. The greatest differences among the groups, formed according to geographic origin, were observed in the number of inflorescences per plant and the number of false ligulate florets in the inflorescence. The length of tubular florets was constant within the species, being 1.4 cm; as the most stable trait, this descriptor probably may be used as a diagnostic tool for this species. The accession ‘Sakhalinsky Krasny 4’ (Sakhalin population of Japanese origin) was the most distinctive, as regards the set of its characteristics

Peculiarities of anharmonic lattice dynamics and thermodynamics of alkaline-earth metals

The calculations are performed for a broad range of the properties of Ca and Sr in the fcc and bcc phases. A detailed information on the magnitude and character of temperature dependence of anharmonic effects in the lattice dynamics over the entire Brillouin zone (frequency shifts and phonon damping, Gruneisen parameters) is given. A detailed comparison of the computational results for the heat capacity and thermal expansion with the experimental data is carried out; the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiment.Comment: 16 pages, 19 Postscript figures, Revte

SSR analysis of modern Russian potato varieties using DNA samples of nomenclatural standards

The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is developing new approaches to documentation of national cultivars, taking into account recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants in parallel with methods of genetic certification. The nomenclatural standard of a particular cultivar represented by a herbarium specimen can be used as a reference for verifying authenticity and uniformity of cultivar specimens obtained from various sources. The verification requires fast and reliable methods for cultivar genotyping. This paper presents protocols for modified methods of DNA extraction, PCR-analysis and SSR-genotyping, which allow potato cultivars identification without the use of expensive reagent kits. A set of ten chromosome-specific microsatellite markers was used to study polymorphisms in 66 modern Russian potato cultivars, as well as in 11 pre-cultivars and breeding clones, represented by nomenclatural standards and voucher specimens, respectively. This subset of 77 specimens has demonstrated a high level of polymorphism in ten studied microsatellite loci. The SSR analysis identified 73 alleles; 7.3 alleles per locus were observed on average, the number of which varied from 3 (STG0025 locus) to 11 (locus StI046). The PIC values varied from 0.544 (STG0025 locus) to 0.836 (StI046 locus). The alleles, unique for this subset, were found at six studied loci. The high level of polymorphism at the SSR loci made it possible to unambiguously identify almost every cultivar, with the exception of the expected coincidence of microsatellite profiles of two cultivars, which are somaclonal variants. Using an optimized set of eight microsatellite markers, the genetic relationships of modern Russian potato cultivars were studied

Proven and less studied hematopoietic and vasoactive growth factors in retinal capillary hemangioma

Pathogenesis of retinal capillary hemangioma has not been sufficiently studied at the present time. Therefore, the study of cytokine levels in biological fluids seems to be very relevant in order to increase knowledge about the mechanisms of the disease development and searching for targeted therapies. The content of hematopoietic and vasoactive growth factors in blood serum, lacrimal fluid, and vitreous body was studied in patients with retinal capillary hemangioma. A total of 26 patients with retinal angiomatosis were examined. The samples of blood serum (n = 23) and lacrimal fluid (n = 10) from practically healthy people aged 22 to 46 (27.4±1.4 years) were used as a control. To perform comparative assessment of cytokine concentrations in the vitreous body of patients with retinal capillary hemangioma, were used samples of the vitreous body from 6 patients (average age 33±4.7 years; from 21 to 49 years) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. To measure the cytokine concentrations, we applied multiplex analysis technique using the xMAP platform with LuminexxPONENT 3.1 program and ProcartaPlex sets (eBioscience, Austria). A detailed characteristic of vasoactive factors in capillary retinal hemangioma was obtained as a result of this work. Some disorders in chemokine regulation were identified. There was a significant increase in serum concentrations of three vasoactive factors, i.e., PDGF-BB, HGF, and PIGF-1, with a decrease in chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β). The frequencies of PIGF-1 and MIP-1α detection also significantly differed from the control group. SCF was significantly more often determined in patients with retinal angiomatosis only at the systemic level. Correlations between PDGF-BB and PIGF-1, as well as PIGF-1 and MIP-1β were shown. A significant increase in VEGF-A, HGF, VEGF-D, as well as MCP-1 concentrations was shown in the lacrimal fluid. The inversion of PDGF-BB concentrations in serum and lacrimal fluid was noted. Analysis of intraocular cytokine levels revealed a significant increase in VEGF-A and HGF concentrations, with marked decrease in MIP-1α and MIP-1β. PDGF-BB in 100% of cases was determined only in vitreous body of patients with retinal angiomatosis. With respect to the revealed characteristic shifts of HGF/SF intraocular production in retinal capillary hemangioma, it seems relevant to search ways for its inhibition, thus providing potential basis for a new therapeutic strategy in treatment of retinal angiomatosis