Analog studies of thermomechanical fatigue and abrasive wear of cast and forged steels for "autoforge" dies

Processes of thermomechanical fatigue and abrasive wear of suspension-cast precipitation-hardening ferrite-carbide steel 30T6NTiC-1.5 and standard steel 4Kh5MFS are studied. The dominant kinds of fracture typical for dies for semisolid stamping are determined. The factors and parameters of cyclic temperature and force loading are shown to produce a selective action on the competing kinds of damage of the die steels. A comparative analysis of the properties of the steels is performed. Steel 30T6NTiC-1.5 is shown to have substantial advantages over steel 4Kh5FMS traditionally used for making "Autoforge" dies. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Coupling to short linear motifs creates versatile PME-1 activities in PP2A holoenzyme demethylation and inhibition

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holoenzymes target broad substrates by recognizing short motifs via regulatory subunits. PP2A methylesterase 1 (PME-1) is a cancer-promoting enzyme and undergoes methylesterase activation upon binding to the PP2A core enzyme. Here, we showed that PME-1 readily demethylates different families of PP2A holoenzymes and blocks substrate recognition in vitro. The high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of a PP2A-B56 holoenzyme–PME-1 complex reveals that PME-1 disordered regions, including a substrate-mimicking motif, tether to the B56 regulatory subunit at remote sites. They occupy the holoenzyme substrate-binding groove and allow large structural shifts in both holoenzyme and PME-1 to enable multipartite contacts at structured cores to activate the methylesterase. B56 interface mutations selectively block PME-1 activity toward PP2A-B56 holoenzymes and affect the methylation of a fraction of total cellular PP2A. The B56 interface mutations allow us to uncover B56-specific PME-1 functions in p53 signaling. Our studies reveal multiple mechanisms of PME-1 in suppressing holoenzyme functions and versatile PME-1 activities derived from coupling substrate-mimicking motifs to dynamic structured cores

Diagnostic value of structural and functional changes in the carotid and vertebral arteries in arterial hypertension, associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic significance of hemodynamic disorders in the area of carotid and vertebral arteries in patients with hypertension combined with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (DPPG) using ultrasound duplex scanning of neck vessels.Material and methods. Thirty eight patients of the clinic of Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine with hypertension and concomitant dizziness were examined. The state of carotid and vertebral arteries, blood flow in the arteries were assessed by duplex ultrasound scanning using the Vivid E9 apparatus.Results and discussion. The influence of the blood flow at the level of carotid and vertebral arteries on the severity of clinical symptoms of dizziness in patients with hypertension with concomitant DPPG was shown. The clinical significance of atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries, tortuosity of carotid and vertebral arteries of the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of dizziness in patients with hypertension and DPPG was revealed. It is shown that in patients with hypertension and comorbid DPP, the severity of the relationship of hemodynamically significant changes in the carotid and vertebral arteries with clinical manifestations of dizziness is greater than in patients with hypertension without DPP. The use of ultrasound duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries in hypertension with comorbid vertigo allows for differential diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and cerebrovascular dyscirculatory disorders, the degree of their participation in clinical manifestations of dizziness. A new medical technology for the diagnosis of pathogenic mechanisms of dizziness in patients with hypertension, using ultrasound duplex scanning of carotid and vertebral arteries, allows to personalize treatment and prevention in such patients

Evanescent light-matter Interactions in Atomic Cladding Wave Guides

Alkali vapors, and in particular rubidium, are being used extensively in several important fields of research such as slow and stored light non-linear optics3 and quantum computation. Additionally, the technology of alkali vapors plays a major role in realizing myriad industrial applications including for example atomic clocks magentometers8 and optical frequency stabilization. Lately, there is a growing effort towards miniaturizing traditional centimeter-size alkali vapor cells. Owing to the significant reduction in device dimensions, light matter interactions are greatly enhanced, enabling new functionalities due to the low power threshold needed for non-linear interactions. Here, taking advantage of the mature Complimentary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) compatible platform of silicon photonics, we construct an efficient and flexible platform for tailored light vapor interactions on a chip. Specifically, we demonstrate light matter interactions in an atomic cladding wave guide (ACWG), consisting of CMOS compatible silicon nitride nano wave-guide core with a Rubidium (Rb) vapor cladding. We observe the highly efficient interaction of the electromagnetic guided mode with the thermal Rb cladding. The nature of such interactions is explained by a model which predicts the transmission spectrum of the system taking into account Doppler and transit time broadening. We show, that due to the high confinement of the optical mode (with a mode area of 0.3{\lambda}2), the Rb absorption saturates at powers in the nW regime.Comment: 10 Pages 4 Figures. 1 Supplementar

Exposome factors in the acne pathogenesis

The concept of the exposome, formulated more than fifteen years ago, is increasingly discussed in the modern scientific literature. The term “exposome” is understood as a cumulative measure of the impact of environmental factors on an individual throughout his or her life (from the prenatal period to death) and the biological response associated with it. The sum of these factors has a significant impact on the occurrence, course, and treatment efficacy of multifactorial diseases. The skin is a border organ and is constantly exposed to environmental influences, i.e., it is a target for the exposome. The influence of the latter components has been described in skin aging, atopic dermatitis, and malignant skin neoplasms. Acne is one of the most common chronic inflammatory dermatoses. Over the past decade, the worldwide increase in the incidence of acne, its early onset and a prolonged course, affecting adult men and women, has been noted. The review presents an analysis of the data on the effects of the components of the exposome – diet, medications, stress, and pollutants - on the course of acne. Particular attention is paid to the few data on the nature of interaction between the components of the exposome and the skin microbiome, which, on the one hand, is involved in the pathogenesis of dermatoses, including acne, and, on the other hand, is changed under the influence of exposome factors, acting as an intermediary between the environment and the human body. The search for environmental factors has at least two objectives: the discovery of potential pathogenetic links, the strength of their relationship with the clinical manifestations of the disease to develop new therapies aimed at new targets; and the creation and recommendation of a protective regime for factors with a proven effect on the course of the disease, for patients suffering from acne

Resonant nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atoms

In this article, we review the history, current status, physical mechanisms, experimental methods, and applications of nonlinear magneto-optical effects in atomic vapors. We begin by describing the pioneering work of Macaluso and Corbino over a century ago on linear magneto-optical effects (in which the properties of the medium do not depend on the light power) in the vicinity of atomic resonances, and contrast these effects with various nonlinear magneto-optical phenomena that have been studied both theoretically and experimentally since the late 1960s. In recent years, the field of nonlinear magneto-optics has experienced a revival of interest that has led to a number of developments, including the observation of ultra-narrow (1-Hz) magneto-optical resonances, applications in sensitive magnetometry, nonlinear magneto-optical tomography, and the possibility of a search for parity- and time-reversal-invariance violation in atoms.Comment: 51 pages, 23 figures, to appear in Rev. Mod. Phys. in Oct. 2002, Figure added, typos corrected, text edited for clarit

Assessment of the influence of natrium chloride water on the course of toxic liver damage in the experiment

The paper presents data on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of natural chloride natrium mineralized water (MW) on the condition of the body of rats with alcohol intoxication (AI). Alcoholization lasted 30 days. From 15 to 30 days, the animals received MW. The use of MW in rats on the background of the development of AI had a positive effect on the state of metabolism: the processes of reamination, protein metabolism, energy-dependent transmembrane transport were restored, there was a decrease in the manifestations of hypoxic nature; the activity of endogenous detoxification processes increased and the state in the system of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection was restored. Microscopically, the liver parenchyma has improved (lipid and hyaline inclusions disappear, blood circulation increases, dystrophy is reduced ). The obtained data show that the use of sodium chloride MW has a protective effect on the structural and functional state and metabolic parameters of the rats liver

Bioprocessing strategies to enhance the challenging isolation of neuro-regenerative cells from olfactory mucosa

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a promising potential cell therapy to aid regeneration. However, there are significant challenges in isolating and characterizing them. In the current study, we have explored methods to enhance the recovery of cells expressing OEC marker p75NTR from rat mucosa. With the addition of a 24-hour differential adhesion step, the expression of p75NTR was significantly increased to 73 ± 5% and 46 ± 18% on PDL and laminin matrices respectively. Additionally, the introduction of neurotrophic factor NT-3 and the decrease in serum concentration to 2% FBS resulted in enrichment of OECs, with p75NTR at nearly 100% (100 ± 0% and 98 ± 2% on PDL and laminin respectively), and candidate fibroblast marker Thy1.1 decreased to zero. Culturing OECs at physiologically relevant oxygen tension (2–8%) had a negative impact on p75NTR expression and overall cell survival. Regarding cell potency, co-culture of OECs with NG108-15 neurons resulted in more neuronal growth and potential migration at atmospheric oxygen. Moreover, OECs behaved similarly to a Schwann cell line positive control. In conclusion, this work identified key bioprocessing fundamentals that will underpin future development of OEC-based cell therapies for potential use in spinal cord injury repair. However, there is still much work to do to create optimized isolation methods