Современные тенденции развития рекреационного хозяйства в Украине

Chromiferous ultramafic rocks from Campo Formoso (Bahia State, Brazil) exhibit various stages of hydrothermal alteration and weathering, each being characterized by distinct chromiferous parageneses. These Cr-bearing minerals are mainly phyllosilicates, but other phases are also present as chromiferous opal and hydroxycarbonates. Optical absorption spectra and K-edge fine structure allow a better knowledge of chromium crystal chemistry in these minerals. The first stages of chromite oxidation have been precised, and particularly the influence of structural factors was pointed out : the inversion grade of these spinels controls the evolution from a mainly direct chromite to the inverse forms (ferritchromit). Chromium ions inserted in mineral structures do not exhibit any change in the oxidation state during alteration processes. In contrast, crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) of Cr3+ ions exhibits important variations among the studied minerals. Study of EXAFS spectra demonstrated that Cr-O distances do not change significandy among the investigated minerals, the effective oxygen charge playing the main role in the observed CFSE variations. This latter parameter explains the concentration of chromium in these minerals and contributes to the stability of some phases like clinochlores and hydroxycarbonates, where trivalent chromium has the highest CFSE.Les ultrabasites chromifères de Campo Formoso (Etat de Bahia, Brésil) montrent plusieurs stades successifs d'altération hydrothermale puis superficielle qui s'accompagnent de paragenèses chromifères variées. Les minéraux caractéristiques de ces dernières sont essentiellement des phyllosilicates, mais on note aussi d'autres phases comme la stichtite et l'opale chromifère. Les spectres d'absorption X ont permis de caractériser la cristallochimie du chrome dans ces minéraux. Les premiers stades d'oxydation des chromites ont été précisés, en particulier l'influence de la structure réelle du spinelle (degré d'inversion) qui contrôle les conditions d'évolution de la chromite. Le degré d'oxydation +3 du chrome est conservé lors des processus d'altération et seule l'énergie de stabilisation liée au champ cristallin montre des changements importants. L'étude des spectres EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) a montré que, les distances Cr-O ne changeant pas entre les minéraux étudiés, seule la nature des ligandes a une influence sur la valeur de l'énergie de champ cristallin. Ceci explique la forte concentration en chrome de ces minéraux d'altération et contribue à la stabilité des phases comme les clinochlores ou les hydroxycarbonates où les ions Cr3+ ont la plus forte énergie de stabilisation.Calas Georges, Manceau Alain, Novikoff André, Boukili Hassan. Comportement du chrome dans les minéraux d'altération du gisement de chromite de Campo Formoso (Bahia, Brésil). In: Bulletin de Minéralogie, volume 107, 6, 1984. pp. 755-766

Two major groups of chloroplast DNA haplotypes in diploid and tetraploid Aconitum subgen : Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) in the Carpathians

Aconitum in Europe is represented by ca. 10% of the total number of species and the Carpathian Mts. are the center of the genus variability in the subcontinent. We studied the chloroplast DNA intergenic spacer trnL(UAG)-rpl32-ndhF (cpDNA) variability of the Aconitum subgen. Aconitum in the Carpathians: diploids (2n=16, sect. Cammarum), tetraploids (2n=32, sect. Aconitum) and triploids (2n=24, nothosect. Acomarum). Altogether 25 Aconitum accessions representing the whole taxonomic variability of the subgenus were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analyses. Both parsimony, Bayesian and character network analyses showed the two distinct types of the cpDNA chloroplast, one typical of the diploid and the second of the tetraploid groups. Some specimens had identical cpDNA sequences (haplotypes) and scattered across the whole mountain arch. In the sect. Aconitum 9 specimens shared one haplotype, while in the sect. Camarum one haplotype represents 4 accessions and the second –accessions. The diploids and tetraploids were diverged by 6 mutations, while the intrasectional variability amounted maximally to 3 polymorphisms. Taking into consideration different types of cpDNA haplotypes and ecological profiles of the sections (tetraploids – high-mountain species, diploids – species from forest montane belt) we speculate on the different and independent history of the sections in the Carpathians

Multidimensional Pattern Formation Has an Infinite Number of Constants of Motion

Extending our previous work on 2D growth for the Laplace equation we study here {\it multidimensional} growth for {\it arbitrary elliptic} equations, describing inhomogeneous and anisotropic pattern formations processes. We find that these nonlinear processes are governed by an infinite number of conservation laws. Moreover, in many cases {\it all dynamics of the interface can be reduced to the linear time--dependence of only one ``moment" $M_0$} which corresponds to the changing volume while {\it all higher moments, $M_l$, are constant in time. These moments have a purely geometrical nature}, and thus carry information about the moving shape. These conserved quantities (eqs.~(7) and (8) of this article) are interpreted as coefficients of the multipole expansion of the Newtonian potential created by the mass uniformly occupying the domain enclosing the moving interface. Thus the question of how to recover the moving shape using these conserved quantities is reduced to the classical inverse potential problem of reconstructing the shape of a body from its exterior gravitational potential. Our results also suggest the possibility of controlling a moving interface by appropriate varying the location and strength of sources and sinks.Comment: CYCLER Paper 93feb00

Imagem, representações sociais e saúde: um olhar histórico sobre o Rio de Janeiro do fim do Império ao alvorecer da República

Sendo a imagem um importante recurso da comunicação, buscou-se criar uma oportunidade para os docentes e discentes, de nível médio, da área de saúde, através de uma análise histórica, demonstrar estratégias para a utilização de imagens no processo de construção do conhecimento, pois a leitura iconográfica, nos últimos anos, vem sendo aplicada em larga escala para a construção do conhecimento. Com isso demonstramos que o uso das imagens, geralmente citadas como mera ilustração, para um melhor aproveitamento, deveriam ser utilizadas como mais um instrumento de comunicação para aprimorar o estudo na área de ciências, como já vem ocorrendo em outros segmentos do conhecimento (Olim, 2010). Para tanto pretende-se discutir as representações sociais de imagens de saúde, e o seu papel histórico, no final do Império e no alvorecer da República, levantando-se, assim, o seguinte questionamento: quais as representações sociais das imagens de saúde do império e alvorecer da República? Daí questionar até que ponto o uso de imagens é um instrumento útil na formação do discente na área de ciência e saúde? É possível formalizar um letramento visual (Rocha,2008) de modo a contribuir, dentro do processo de formação de discentes na área de ciência e saúde, com recursos práticos para interpretar o universo visual do seu futuro espaço de trabalho? O desenho da pesquisa pauta-se nas dimensões Novikoff (2010), sendo de natureza qualitativa com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para criação de produto didático-pedagógico. Pesquisa de material de época, juntamente com material que corrobore a importância do estudo das imagens nos cursos de formação de profissionais da área de saúde

Projeto interdisciplinar: por dentro da Copa

O Projeto interdisciplinar desenvolvido com alunos da Alfabetização Ciclo Básico I de 6 e 7 anos, visou tomar ciência do evento mundial – Copa do Mundo 2010 – disseminado pela mídia e que interfere na rotina escolar, devido se tratar de um esporte tipicamente brasileiro. O projeto abordou Geografia (localização no globo terrestre), História (África e Brasil), Ciência (animais), Cultura (hábitos, costumes e características), Linguagem (língua e escrita / alfabetização contextualizada / Música), Pesquisas, Trabalho em equipe, Valores, Racismo, Jogos e Recreação. Como prática social finalizadora avaliou-se o conhecimento e as formas de pensar e agir de outras culturas. Observou-se o conhecimento da diversidade do reino animal, conhecimento e utilização de vários suportes de circulação social da escrita (biografias, narrativas, notícias, bilhetes, e-mails, cartas, blogs, ritmos musicais, etc.), reconhecimento dos meios de comunicação para a circulação da notícia, compreensão da importância do respeito, tolerância e união diante de um evento mundial que une povos de diferentes culturas. A culminância se realizou com a aula-passeio ao Horto Municipal de Volta Redonda para a observação de animais abordados na área de ciências; também com uma Exposição de trabalhos realizados durante o Projeto em forma de teatro, músicas, danças e textos. Este Projeto é parte das reflexões sobre a prática didático-pedagógica na pesquisa dissertativa: “Musicalização Infantil: Formação Docente para Educação Ambiental”, cujas ferramentas didáticas contribuem para a aprendizagem significativa critica (MOREIRA, 2010)

Histochemical Investigation of the Modal Specificity of Taste

The taste mechanism was investigated in a primate (Macaca mulatta). Based on the hypothesis that intracellular enzymes contribute to the transduction of tastes to electric impulses by taste cells, a histochemical survey of the activity of several enzymes was made on taste buds from regions of the mouth associated with sweet, salt, sour, and bitter tastes. Considerable differences were noted among the modalities, which confirmed the hypothesis. An exclusively bitter enzyme was identified.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66599/2/10.1177_00220345720510050601.pd

Functional and Biogenetical Heterogeneity of the Inner Membrane of Rat-Liver Mitochondria

Rat liver mitochondria were fragmented by a combined technique of swelling, shrinking, and sonication. Fragments of inner membrane were separated by density gradient centrifugation. They differed in several respects: electronmicroscopic appearance, phospholipid and cytochrome contents, electrophoretic behaviour of proteins and enzymatic activities. Three types of inner membrane fractions were isolated. The first type is characterized by a high activity of metal chelatase, low activities of succinate-cytochrome c reductase and of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, as well as by a high phospholipid content and low contents of cytochromes aa3 and b. The second type displays maximal activities of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and metal chelatase, but contains relatively little cytochromes and has low succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity. The third type exhibits highest succinate-cytochrome c reductase activity, a high metal chelatase activity and highest cytochrome contents. However, this fraction was low in both glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity and phospholipid content. This fraction was also richest in the following enzyme activities: cytochrome oxidase, oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, proline oxidase, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase. Amino acid incorporation in vitro and in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide occurs predominantly into inner membrane fractions from the second type. These data suggest that the inner membrane is composed of differently organized parts, and that polypeptides synthesized by mitochondrial ribosomes are integrated into specific parts of the inner membrane