Main Reproductive Indicators and Environmental Factors that Affect Siboney and Mambi de Cuba Cows at a Breeding Company in Central Cuba

Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Mambí de Cuba from six different herds, and 260 Siboney de Cuba from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Mambi de Cuba, whereas Siboney de Cuba influenced the CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, calving year, and calving quarter.  Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Mambí de Cuba from six different herds, and 260 Siboney de Cuba from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Mambi de Cuba, whereas Siboney de Cuba influenced the CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, calving year, and calving quarter

Efecto de la suplementación parenteral del cobre sobre la ganancia de peso de toros en ceba

Objective. In order to evaluate the effect of copper parenteral supplementation on cupremia and weight gain in fattening bulls. Materials and methods. Fifty animals hybrids holstein and zebu were selected, with 18-20 months of age, 210 - 220 kg body weight, clinically healthy and in a system of intensive fattening. Two groups of 25 animals were divided, one control and another supplemented with 50 mg of intravenous Cu every 2 months to complete 3 applications; hemochemical indicators and weight gain were evaluated. The variables were compared using the t-Student test for independent samples and growth curves its parameters were determined. Results. Cu supplementation increased (p<0.001) the cupremia, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and (p<0.01) the average daily gain and the weight of the bulls, with increases in weight between .86 y 9.54 % for the treated group. Final Live weight (446 and 586 kg) and average daily gain (534 and 684 g/d) in control and treated group, respectively, were higher in the supplemented animals with Cu. Conclusions. The parenteral suplementation of 50 mg of Cu increased serum levels of Cu, hemoglobin, hematocrit and live weight gain in fattening bulls.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación del cobre por vía parenteral sobre la cupremia y ganancia de peso en toros en ceba. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 50 animales mestizos Holstein x Cebú con 18 a 20 meses de edad, 210-220 kg de peso vivo, clínicamente sanos y en un sistema de ceba intensiva. Se dividieron 2 grupos de 25 animales, uno control y otro suplementado con 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral cada 2 meses hasta completar 3 aplicaciones; se evaluaron los indicadores hematoquímicos y la ganancia de peso. Las variables se compararon mediante la prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes y se determinaron las curvas de crecimiento y sus parámetos. Resultados. La suplementación con Cu incrementó (p<0.001) la cupremia, la hemoglobina y el hematocrito y (p<0.01) la ganancia media diaria y el peso vivo de los toros, con incrementos del mismo entre el 4.86 y 9.54 %,a favor del grupo tratado. El peso vivo final (446 y 586 kg) y la ganancia media diaria de peso (534 y 684 g/d) en los grupo control y tratado, respectivamente, son superiores en los animales suplementados con Cu. Conclusiones. La suplementación parenteral de 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral incrementó los niveles séricos de Cu, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito y la ganancia de peso en toros en ceba

Principales indicadores reproductivos y factores ambientales que afectan a vacas de los genotipos Siboney y Mambí de Cuba

Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Cuban Mambí from six different herds, and 260 Cuban Siboney from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Cuban Mambí, whereas Cuban Siboney influenced CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, and calving year and quarter.Antecedentes: La heredabilidad de los rasgos relacionados con la producción lechera, reproducción y longevidad fue estudiada ampliamente en la década pasada; sin embargo, los factores ambientales y el manejo inadecuado determinan la eficiencia del comportamiento reproductivo y productivo. Por ello, se evaluaron los principales indicadores reproductivos y factores ambientales que afectan a vacas de los genotipos Siboney y Mambí de Cuba en una empresa genética de la región central de Cuba. Métodos: Se procesaron 618 registros individuales, 358 de hembras del genotipo racial Mambí, de seis rebaños y 260 del Siboney de Cuba, de cuatro unidades; entre los años 2007 y 2010. Se determinaron los intervalos parto-primer servicio de inseminación (IPPS), intervalo parto-gestación (IPG) e intervalo parto-parto (IPP). Fueron estimados los efectos de los diferentes factores sobre los indicadores reproductivos utilizando un modelo lineal general. Resultados: El factor unidad influyó significativamente (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPG e IPP para ambos genotipos. El año de parto tuvo un efecto significativo (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPP e IPG, comportándose con mejores resultados los años 2009 y 2010. El trimestre de parto que mejor se comportó para los indicadores reproductivos evaluados, fue el de julio-agosto-septiembre, influyendo significativamente (P < 0,05) sobre el IPP e IPG, en el Mambí de Cuba; mientras que en el Siboney de Cuba lo hacía sobre el IPPS. Conclusiones: Se concluye que los dos genotipos tienen marcado deterioro de los indicadores reproductivos evaluados, influenciados significativamente por la unidad y el año y trimestre de parto

Condición corporal y reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto en vacas Holstein en Ecuador

Objective. To determine the influence of corporal composition at delivery (CCD) on the ovarian postpartum restart (OPR) of the Holstein cow in the Andes Region in Ecuador. Materials and methods. 30 cows were produced. All of the following moments were determined: the appearing of the dominant follicle (DF), the ovulation and luteal activity; the duration of the estrous cycle, the volume of the luteum body (LC) and the progesterone concentrations (P4) on blood serum. Descriptive statisticians of the OPR variables and its indicators were compared according to the BC, by means of a t-Student test for independent samples. The relationship between the BC and the postpartum OPR through a case-control case was assessed. Results. The duration of the oestrous cycle was 23.10 days, 46.67% of the cows had regular cycles and 53.33% were abnormal cycles. The DF, the ovulation and the luteal activity were seen at 16.63, 27.76 and 41.38 after postpartum, respectively; before (p<0.05) on cows with BC ≥ 3.5;in which both the (p<0.05) and the volume of the LC and P4 concentrations were higher. The BC was correlated with (p<0.05) with the OPR parameters. The cows with <3.5 BC points, are 10.50 times more prompt to have a late OPR than those with a ≥ de 3.5 points BC. Conclusions. The OPR was early, BC had an influence on it, which constituted a major (p<0.05) risk factor on cows having a late OPR.Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la condición corporal al parto (CCP) en el reinicio de la actividad ovárica (RAO) posparto de la vaca Holstein en la región andina de Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. Se trabajaron 30 vacas. Se determinaron el momento de aparición del folículo dominante (FD), de ovulación y de actividad luteal; la duración del ciclo estral, el volumen del cuerpo lúteo (CL) y las concentraciones de progesterona (P4) en suero sangíneo. Los estadígrafos descriptivos de las variables del RAO y sus indicadores se compararon según la CCP mediante una prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes. Se evaluó la asociación entre la CCP y el RAO posparto mediante un estudio caso control. Resultados. La duración del ciclo estral fue 23.10 días, el 46.67% de las vacas tuvo ciclos normales y el 53.33% ciclos anormales. El FD, la ovulación y la actividad luteal ocurrieron a los 16.63, 27.76 y 41.38 días posparto, respectivamente; antes (p<0.05) en vacas con CCP ≥ 3.5; en las que fueron mayores (p<0.05) el volumen del CL y las concentraciones de P4. La CCP se correlacionó (p<0.05) con los parámetros del RAO. Las vacas con CCP <3.5 puntos, tienen 10.50 veces más probabilidades de tener RAO tardío que las que tienen CCP ≥ de 3.5 puntos. Conclusiones. El RAO fue temprano, sobre el influyó la CCP, la que constituyó un factor de riesgo (p<0.05) para que las vacas tengan un RAO tardío

Efecto de un biopreparado probiótico sobre el comportamiento productivo y la salud deternero

El objetivo de este trabajo fuela evaluación del comportamientoproductivo y de saludde terneros al suministrar unbiopreparadocon aditivos probióticos. Se seleccionaron 20 animales de la raza Siboney en la categoría de neonatos, con un peso vivo promedio de 32 kg. ± 0.23 y un promedio de la altura de la cruz de 65 cm ± 0.8, se confeccionaron 2 grupos experimentales (control y estudio) con 10 terneros cada uno, con un peso promedio entre los grupos similares, se suministró al grupo experimental 20 mL de biopreparado/ternero por vía oral, cada tercer día durante dos semanas y luego 1 vez por semana durante el periodo experimental que fue de 90 días. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un comportamiento para la ganancia de peso del grupo estudio superior al del control de 8.25 kg, siendo significativamente diferente con (p<0.5) y de igual manera la altura de la cruz es superior en 2 centímetros, mientras que en los parámetros de salud el grupo control tuvo como aspecto negativo un 70 % de presentación de enfermedades gastrointestinales y un 10 % de aumento de los linfocitos en la prueba hematológica sobre el grupo estudio, además con el suministro de este medio biológico se obtiene un beneficio económico del 20.2 % que representa $ 41.2 de ganancia más por ternero sobre el grupo control, por lo que se concluye que el biopreparado mejoró los indicadores bioproductivos y de salud de estos animales, así como el aspecto económico, por lo que se recomienda su uso en la ganadería bovina en esta categoría.The object wasstudy the effect of a biopreparation as probiotic additive in calves was conducted this research.20 animals of Siboney breeding after birth with similar alive weight (32 kg ± 0.23) and size (65 ± 0.8 cm) were selected. Afterward, tow experimental groups (control and experimental) were performed with 10 calves per group. Booth group receive same management and feed, but the experimental group received 20 mL of the biopreparation per calf directly to the mouth twice per week during the first two weeks and afterwards once per week till 90 days of experimentation. The results show to the experimental group with 8.25 kg of weight gain more than (p <0.05) control group. Similarly, the experimental group was taller (2 cm) than control group. In addition, the 70 % of animals in control group presented gastrointestinal diseases, while the experimental group had an increase of 10% of lymphocytes in blood. It was concluded that the biopreparation improved the bio-productive indexes of these animals, as well as increase the economic benefi

Effects of copper parenteral supplementation on the weight gain in fattening bulls

ABSTRACT Objective. In order to evaluate the effect of copper parenteral supplementation on cupremia and weight gain in fattening bulls. Materials and methods. Fifty animals hybrids holstein and zebu were selected, with 18-20 months of age, 210 - 220 kg body weight, clinically healthy and in a system of intensive fattening. Two groups of 25 animals were divided, one control and another supplemented with 50 mg of intravenous Cu every 2 months to complete 3 applications; hemochemical indicators and weight gain were evaluated. The variables were compared using the t-Student test for independent samples and growth curves its parameters were determined. Results. Cu supplementation increased (p<0.001) the cupremia, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and (p<0.01) the average daily gain and the weight of the bulls, with increases in weight between .86 y 9.54 % for the treated group. Final Live weight (446 and 586 kg) and average daily gain (534 and 684 g/d) in control and treated group, respectively, were higher in the supplemented animals with Cu. Conclusions. The parenteral suplementation of 50 mg of Cu increased serum levels of Cu, hemoglobin, hematocrit and live weight gain in fattening bulls.RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación del cobre por vía parenteral sobre la cupremia y ganancia de peso en toros en ceba. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron 50 animales mestizos Holstein x Cebú con 18 a 20 meses de edad, 210-220 kg de peso vivo, clínicamente sanos y en un sistema de ceba intensiva. Se dividieron 2 grupos de 25 animales, uno control y otro suplementado con 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral cada 2 meses hasta completar 3 aplicaciones; se evaluaron los indicadores hematoquímicos y la ganancia de peso. Las variables se compararon mediante la prueba de t-Student para muestras independientes y se determinaron las curvas de crecimiento y sus parámetos. Resultados. La suplementación con Cu incrementó (p<0.001) la cupremia, la hemoglobina y el hematocrito y (p<0.01) la ganancia media diaria y el peso vivo de los toros, con incrementos del mismo entre el 4.86 y 9.54 %,a favor del grupo tratado. El peso vivo final (446 y 586 kg) y la ganancia media diaria de peso (534 y 684 g/d) en los grupo control y tratado, respectivamente, son superiores en los animales suplementados con Cu. Conclusiones. La suplementación parenteral de 50 mg de Cu por vía parenteral incrementó los niveles séricos de Cu, la hemoglobina, el hematocrito y la ganancia de peso en toros en ceba

Characterization of some chemical components, in the soil of different agro- ecosystems of cattle farms

The concentration of some chemical components was characterized, in soils of an agro- ecosystem of a cattle farm with different reliefs, one located in the plains and another in a hilly area. The statistical descriptive variables were calculated for organic matter, pH, P2O5, K2O, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn; by means of a t- Student test for independent samples, the variables were compared among the rainy and dry seasons. In the agro-ecosystem of the plains the 24.5, 75.4, 20.7, 41.5, 33.9 and 56.6 % of the samples were below the critical limit for organic matter, P2O5, K2O, Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively. In the hilly region the concentrations of the organic matter and the mentioned chemical elements were deficient in a 25, 80, 42.5, 7.5 and 25 %, and 2.5 % in the samples of Fe. They were significant levels of Cu for the rainy season, while in the Mn was significant in the dry season for the agro-ecosystem of the plains, while in the hilly region there were small significant values in the Cu, Fe and Mn in the dry season, on the contrary of the P2O5 that showed small values during the rainy season. It concludes that independent in the agro-ecosystems that there were deficiencies in a percent of the soil samples, equally significant variation existed in the levels of the minerals in conjunction with the season