Bactrocera Cucurbitae response to four Cymbopogon species essential oils

GC/MS analysis of essential oils extracted from four Cymbopogon species revealed that the majors compounds were trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (21.9%), cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-den- 2-ol (19.4%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.6%), cis-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (7.2%), cis-pmenth-2-en-1-ol (7.2%), limonene (6.3%) in C. giganteus; piperitone (68.4%); ?-2-carene (11.5%) and ?-eudesmol (4.9%) in C. schoenanthus, while citronellal (41.6%); geraniol (28.2%); citronellol (12.6%) and geranial (41.3%); neral (33.0%); myrcene (10.4%), geraniol (6.5%) were recorded in C. nardus and C. citratus, respectively.Tephritid fruit flies use both olfactory and visual cues to seek food and ovipositional resources. Olfactive effects for C. citratus, C. nardus, C. giganteus and C. schoenanthus essential oils on melon fly (B. cucurbitae) were evaluated using a four-arm olfactometer. The results showed that C. giganteus and C. schoenanthus repel mostly the fruit fly B. cucurbitae, compared with C. nardus and C. citratus and that female and male B. cucurbitae responded similarly to odours emitted from all essential oils evaluated. The number of pupae collected from zucchini treated with C. giganteus was significantly lower than that collected from zucchini treated with C. nardus when exposed to female B. cucurbitae, regardless of the concentrations

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from the leaves of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng (Poaceae) from Benin

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the leaves of Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. and Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng, two Poaceae growing wild in Benin were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of Cymbopogon giganteus were cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (19.4%), transp- mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (16.4%) and limonene (13.7%). The major components identified in the oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus were piperitone (68.4%), and ä-2-carene (11.5%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon giganteus was found to be moderate on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC equal to 0.32 ± 0.02 mg/mL and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with MIC equal to 0.64 ± 0.34 mg/mL. This same oil induced the death of 57.84% of ticks at 8ìL. Therefore, essential oil of Cymbopogon schoenanthus had a low antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with MIC equal to 2.63 ± 0.16 mg/mL and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with MIC equal to 2.63 ± 0.16 mg/mL

État et perspectives de lutte contre Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789), déprédateur des céréales au Bénin : synthèse bibliographique.

Objectif : Le présent article de revue fait état des études relatives aux différentes méthodes de lutte contre Sitotroga cerealella (alucite des céréales) et met l’accent sur l’utilisation des substances naturelles en perspective de lutte contre ce déprédateur. S. cerealella est l’un des ravageurs les plus redoutables dans les systèmes de conservation traditionnels en Afrique et particulièrement au Bénin. Méthodologie et Résultats : Dans la recherche des informations sur les luttes contre l’alucite des céréales, plusieurs travaux scientifiques publiés ont été consultés et leur synthèse a été faite. L’examen des résultats de recherche sur le contrôle de ce déprédateur de plusieurs céréales a révélé l’utilisation fréquente de produits chimiques de synthèse comme la deltaméthrine, le malathion et la phosphine seuls ou combinés en fumigation surtout. Plusieurs chercheurs se sont intéressés, dans le cadre des luttes physiques, aux irradiations ionisantes provenant de source de rayons gamma du cobalt 60 et des variétés de céréales résistantes dans le cas du riz, du blé ou de maïs. Aussi, des parasites, pathogènes ou prédateurs (Trichogramma spp, Blattisocius tarsalis, Cotesia ruficrus, Pteromalus cerealella et Bracon hebetor) ont-ils été expérimentés comme insecticide biologique sur différents stades de développement de S. cerealella. Les traitements à base de poudres ou d’extraits de plantes à potentialités insecticides ou insectifuges tels que ceux de Cymbopogon citratus, Tagetus erecta, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides et de Khaya ivorensisaux ont été étudiés. Cependant, contrairement à d’autres ravageurs comme Sitophilus spp, Rhizopertha dominica, Prostephanus truncatus, Tribolium sp ou même Callosobruchus sp, peu de travaux sont réalisés sur la lutte contre l’alucite des céréales au moyen d’extraits volatiles de plantes. Conclusion : Les huiles essentielles des plantes aromatiques du Bénin pourraient être efficaces dans le contrôle des populations de S. cerealella dans la conservation des stocks de riz.Mots-clés : Lutte biologique, Sitotroga cerealella, céréales, riz, substances naturelles.Status and perspectives of struggle against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789), pest of cereals in Benin: a short reviewObjective: This review article describes the studies on different methods of fighting against Sitotroga cerealella (Angoumois Grain Moth), and the focus was on the use of non-chemical methods to display a biological fight. S. cerealella is one of the most dangerous pests in traditional systems of conservation in Africa and particularly in Benin. Methods and Results: In the search for information about the struggles against the Angoumois grain moth , several published scientific works were consulted . Examination of the results of research on the control of this pest infesting several cereals revealed frequent use of synthetic chemicals such as deltamethrin, malathion and phosphine fumigation alone or in combination. Several researchers were interested in the physical struggles, ionizing radiation from gamma source of cobalt-60 and resistant varieties of grain in the case of rice, wheat or corn. Also, parasites, pathogens and predators (Trichogramma spp, Blattisocius tarsalis, Cotesia ruficrus, Pteromalus cerealella and Bracon hebetor) were experienced as biological insecticide on different developmental stages of S. cerealella. Treatments based on powders, extracts or cooking oils of plants such insecticides like Cymbopogon citratus, Tagetus erecta, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Azadirachta indica, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Khaya ivorensisaux were studied. However, unlike other pest insects like Sitophilus spp, Rhyzopertha dominica, Prostephanus truncatus, Tribolium sp or even Callosobruchus sp, little work is done in the field of fight against Angoumois grain moth.through volatile extracts. Conclusion : Essential oils from aromatic plants of Benin could effectively control populations of S. cerealella in the conservation of stocks of rice.Keywords: control, Sitotroga cerealella, Cereal, rice, natural substances

,6%). The essential oil of A. senegalensis contains mostly linalool

Abstract: The aromatic vegetable secretions obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and fruit of Xylopia aethiopica and Annona senegalensis were studied by GC / MS. Different chemical compositions marked by significant proportions of some compounds are obtained. The main components of the essential oil of X. aethiopica are: b-pinene (8,5-46,1%), sabinene (9,8-41,8%), 1,8-cinéole (5,3-23,8%), a-thujene (5,3-12,6%), a-pinene (5,3%), g-terpinene (6,2%), trans-pinocarvéol (6,6-12,2%), cis-sabinol (6,7%), trans-verbénol (5,0%), pinocarvone (5,2%), terpinen-4-ol (9,2-30,8%), myrténol (9,1-13,7%), myrténal (7,4-17,1%), a-eudesmol (6,0%), élémol (5,1-11,9%) and vélérianol (7,7-10,6%). The essential oil of A. senegalensis contains mostly linalool (7,2-7,3%), (Z)-b-ocimene (6,0%), (E)-b-ocimene (6,6%), germacrene-D (6,5-14,2%), caryophyllene oxide (12,6%), intermédéol (6,5%), b-caryophyllene (5,3-8,8%), palmitic acid (6,6). The majority compounds constitutive of the two varieties of Annonaceae are not identical

Phytochemical screening of Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (Clusiacea) acclimated in Benin by GC/MS.

International audienceThe results brought back at the end of this work concerned various chemical constituents of P. butyracea materials collected in seven forest galleries in northern of Benin. The phytochemical analysis showed mucilage, coumarins, gallic tannins, flavones, sterols, and saponins, in its leaves. The cyclohexanic fractions realized from petroleum ether extracts and analysed by GC/MS were marked by important rates of 9, 19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β-3-ol (49.3-72.6%), taraxasterol (18.4-30.1%), and friedooleanan-3-one (10.0%). Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from P. butyracea and analyzed by GC/MS contained 11 to 38 compounds representing 85.2 to 99.5% of the weight of this volatile extracts essentially rich in sesquiterpene constituents. The essential oils predominant compounds (>10%) identified and recorded independently of the organ studied were β-caryophyllene (14.9-77.9%), aromadendrene (43.5%), α-copaene (18.4-26.6%), α-ylangene (21.1%), germacrene-B (5.1-13.5%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (13.3%), α-humulene (6-13.3%), (2E, 6Z)-α-farnesene (12.6%), seychellene (12.0%), and palmitic acid (10,6%)

Phytochemical screening of Pentadesma butyracea Sabine (Clusiacea) acclimated in Benin by GC/MS

International audienceThe results brought back at the end of this work concerned various chemical constituents of P. butyracea materials collected in seven forest galleries in northern of Benin. The phytochemical analysis showed mucilage, coumarins, gallic tannins, flavones, sterols, and saponins, in its leaves. The cyclohexanic fractions realized from petroleum ether extracts and analysed by GC/MS were marked by important rates of 9, 19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β-3-ol (49.3-72.6%), taraxasterol (18.4-30.1%), and friedooleanan-3-one (10.0%). Essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from P. butyracea and analyzed by GC/MS contained 11 to 38 compounds representing 85.2 to 99.5% of the weight of this volatile extracts essentially rich in sesquiterpene constituents. The essential oils predominant compounds (>10%) identified and recorded independently of the organ studied were β-caryophyllene (14.9-77.9%), aromadendrene (43.5%), α-copaene (18.4-26.6%), α-ylangene (21.1%), germacrene-B (5.1-13.5%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (13.3%), α-humulene (6-13.3%), (2E, 6Z)-α-farnesene (12.6%), seychellene (12.0%), and palmitic acid (10,6%)