Serum level of interleukin-6 in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: The clinical outcome of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) located in the head and neck has remained poor despite ongoing advances in diagnosis and management. Interleukin-6(IL-6) is a multi-functional cytokine that plays an important role in the process of cell differentiation and is increased in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of interleukin-6 in patients with oral tongue SCC. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 17 patients with oral tongue SCC were compared with the same number of age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Serum IL-6 level fluctuation was determined using an immunological technique, before detecting its possible association with the subjects' age, gender, drinking and smoking history, cancer site, and disease severity. Results: The intensity of serum IL-6 in patients with oral tongue SCC was statistically significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (P<0.001). Serum IL-6 level was independent of the patients' age, gender, smoking and drinking history as well as cancer stage. Conclusion: IL-6 is a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis of oral tongue SCC. Its high sensitivity makes prediction of this condition possible, while this biomarker can also be used to screen high-risk patients

Serum level of interleukin-6 in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: The clinical outcome of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) located in the head and neck has remained poor despite ongoing advances in diagnosis and management. Interleukin-6(IL-6) is a multi-functional cytokine that plays an important role in the process of cell differentiation and is increased in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of interleukin-6 in patients with oral tongue SCC. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 17 patients with oral tongue SCC were compared with the same number of age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Serum IL-6 level fluctuation was determined using an immunological technique, before detecting its possible association with the subjects' age, gender, drinking and smoking history, cancer site, and disease severity. Results: The intensity of serum IL-6 in patients with oral tongue SCC was statistically significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (P<0.001). Serum IL-6 level was independent of the patients' age, gender, smoking and drinking history as well as cancer stage. Conclusion: IL-6 is a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis of oral tongue SCC. Its high sensitivity makes prediction of this condition possible, while this biomarker can also be used to screen high-risk patients

Failure Analysis of a Collaborative 4-1 Cable-Driven Parallel Robot

Caro, S. and Merlet, J.P., “Failure Analysis of a Collaborative 4-1 Cable-Driven Parallel Robot”, Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Mechanism Science (EuCoMeS2020), Cluj-Napoca, Romania, September 7–10, 2020Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPRs) have been little used so far for collaborative tasks with humans. One reason is the lack of solutions to guarantee the safety of the operators in case of failure. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the possible failures of CDPRs when they are used for collaborative work with humans and to provide technical solutions to ensure the safety of the operators. A translational three degrees-of-freedom CDPR composed of four cables connected to a point-mass end-effector is considered as an illustrative example. The cables are supposed to be ideal, namely, they are not elastic and do not exhibit sagging

Patients Prefer Boarding in Inpatient Hallways: Correlation with the National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score

Objective. The boarding of patients in Emergency Department (ED) hallways when no inpatient beds are available is a major cause of ED crowding. One solution is to board admitted patients in an inpatient rather than ED hallway. We surveyed patients to determine their preference and correlated their responses to real-time National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS). Methods. This was a survey of admitted patients in the ED of an urban university level I trauma center serving a community of 5 million about their personal preferences regarding boarding. Real-time NEDOCS was calculated at the time each survey was conducted. Results. 99 total surveys were completed during October 2010, 42 (42%) patients preferred to be boarded in an inpatient hallway, 33 (33%) preferred the ED hallway, and 24 (24%) had no preference. Mean (±SD) NEDOCS (range 0–200) was 136 ± 46 for patients preferring inpatient boarding, 112 ± 39 for ED boarding, and 119 ± 43 without preference. Male patients preferred inpatient hallway boarding significantly more than females. Preference for inpatient boarding was associated with a significantly higher NEDOCS. Conclusions. In this survey study, patients prefer inpatient hallway boarding when the hospital is at or above capacity. Males prefer inpatient hallway boarding more than females. The preference for inpatient hallway boarding increases as the ED becomes more crowded

Patients prefer boarding in inpatient hallways: correlation with the national emergency department overcrowding score.

Objective. The boarding of patients in Emergency Department (ED) hallways when no inpatient beds are available is a major cause of ED crowding. One solution is to board admitted patients in an inpatient rather than ED hallway. We surveyed patients to determine their preference and correlated their responses to real-time National Emergency Department Overcrowding Score (NEDOCS). Methods. This was a survey of admitted patients in the ED of an urban university level I trauma center serving a community of 5 million about their personal preferences regarding boarding. Real-time NEDOCS was calculated at the time each survey was conducted. Results. 99 total surveys were completed during October 2010, 42 (42%) patients preferred to be boarded in an inpatient hallway, 33 (33%) preferred the ED hallway, and 24 (24%) had no preference. Mean (±SD) NEDOCS (range 0-200) was 136 ± 46 for patients preferring inpatient boarding, 112 ± 39 for ED boarding, and 119 ± 43 without preference. Male patients preferred inpatient hallway boarding significantly more than females. Preference for inpatient boarding was associated with a significantly higher NEDOCS. Conclusions. In this survey study, patients prefer inpatient hallway boarding when the hospital is at or above capacity. Males prefer inpatient hallway boarding more than females. The preference for inpatient hallway boarding increases as the ED becomes more crowded

Highly Emissive Cycloplatinated(II) Complexes Obtained by the Chloride Abstraction from the Complex [Pt(ppy)(PPh3)(Cl)]:Employing Various Silver Salts

In the present investigation, the precursor complex [Pt(ppy)(PPh3)(Cl)], 3, ppy = 2-phenylpyridinyl, undergoes the chloride abstraction reaction using various AgX (X = PF6, BF4, NO3 and CH3COO) salts. Depending on the nature of anions in AgX salts (coordinating or noncoordinating), the products can be neutral or ionic. In the cases of NO3 and CH3COO, they can be coordinated to the Pt center so that the neutral complexes [Pt(ppy)(PPh3)(NO3)], 4a, and [Pt(ppy)(PPh3)(CH3COO)], 4b, are formed. In contrast, the ionic complexes [{Pt(ppy)(PPh3)(CH3CN)}PF6], 5a, and [{Pt(ppy)(PPh3)(CH3CN)}BF4], 5b, can be generated when the AgPF6 ([{Ag(CH3CN)4}PF6]) or AgBF4 ([{Ag(CH3CN)4}BF4]) salts are used in which the PF6 and BF4 stand as counteranions. In these two complexes, CH3CN fills the empty ligand position which can be present as solvent or ligand in the initial silver salts. The structures of the new complexes were accurately deduced from the multinuclear (1H, 31P{1H}, 195Pt{1H}) NMR spectroscopy and further authenticated by X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, the complexes are green emitters under various states and temperature conditions for which nonchelating L/X (PPh3/NO3 or PPh3/CH3COO) and L/L (PPh3/CH3CN) ancillary ligands exist in the structure of cycloplatinated(II) complexes. The photophysical properties of these new complexes, supported by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations, were investigated by photoluminescence and UV–vis spectroscopies

A Borane Platinum Complex Undergoing Reversible Hydride Migration in Solution

Reaction of [Pt­(κ²-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-ppy)­(dmso)­Cl], <b>1</b> (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine), with Na­[H₂B­(mb)₂] (Hmb = 2-mercapto-benzimidazole) smoothly afforded the complex {[(κ³-<i>S</i>,<i>B</i>,<i>S</i>-HB­(mb)₂]­Pt­(κ²-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-ppy)­H}, <b>2</b>, featuring a strong reverse-dative Pt → B σ interaction in the solid state. When dissolved in thf (or acetone) solution, <b>2</b> undergoes a reversible Pt–H bond activation, establishing an equilibrium between the hexacoordinated <b>2</b> and the tetracoordinate complex {[(κ²-<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>-H₂B­(mb)₂]­Pt­(κ²-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-ppy)}, <b>3</b>, as ascertained by multinuclear NMR. Hydrolysis of the B–N bond in <b>2</b>/<b>3</b> resulted ultimately in the formation of a dimeric half-lantern platinum­(II,II) complex [{Pt­(κ²-<i>C</i>,<i>N</i>-ppy)­(μ₂-κ²-<i>N</i>,<i>S</i>-mb)}₂], <b>4</b>. The SC-XRD structures of <b>2</b> and <b>4</b> are reported