Angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of two-color XUV-NIR ionization with polarization control

Electron emission caused by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation in the presence of a strong near infrared (NIR) field leads to multiphoton interactions that depend on several parameters. Here, a comprehensive study of the influence of the angle between the polarization directions of the NIR and XUV fields on the two-color angle-resolved photoelectron spectra of He and Ne is presented. The resulting photoelectron angular distribution strongly depends on the orientation of the NIR polarization plane with respect to that of the XUV field. The prevailing influence of the intense NIR field over the angular emission characteristics for He(1s) and Ne(2p) ionization lines is shown. The underlying processes are modeled in the frame of the strong field approximation (SFA) which shows very consistent agreement with the experiment reaffirming the power of the SFA for multicolor-multiphoton ionization in this regime

Non-Newtonian Couette-Poiseuille flow of a dilute gas

The steady state of a dilute gas enclosed between two infinite parallel plates in relative motion and under the action of a uniform body force parallel to the plates is considered. The Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model kinetic equation is analytically solved for this Couette-Poiseuille flow to first order in the force and for arbitrary values of the Knudsen number associated with the shear rate. This allows us to investigate the influence of the external force on the non-Newtonian properties of the Couette flow. Moreover, the Couette-Poiseuille flow is analyzed when the shear-rate Knudsen number and the scaled force are of the same order and terms up to second order are retained. In this way, the transition from the bimodal temperature profile characteristic of the pure force-driven Poiseuille flow to the parabolic profile characteristic of the pure Couette flow through several intermediate stages in the Couette-Poiseuille flow are described. A critical comparison with the Navier-Stokes solution of the problem is carried out.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures; v2: discussion on boundary conditions added; 10 additional references. Published in a special issue of the journal "Kinetic and Related Models" dedicated to the memory of Carlo Cercignan

Prevalence and risk factors of infection with high risk human papilloma viruses among hiv-positive women with clinical manifestations of tuberculosis in a middle-income country

Funding Information: RFBR 17-54-30002; R01 CA217715/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Women living with HIV-1 are at high risk of infection with human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk (HR HPVs). M. tuberculosis (TB) promotes HPV infection and increases the risk to develop HPV-associated cancer. Our knowledge of persisting HR HPVs genotypes, and of the factors promoting HR HPV infection in people living with HIV-1 with clinical TB manifestations is sparse. Here, we analyzed 58 women living with HIV-1 with clinical TB manifestations (WLWH with TB) followed up in specialized centers in Russia, a middle income country endemic for HIV-1 and TB, for the presence in cervical smears of DNA of twelve HR HPV genotypes. DNA encoding HPV16 E5, E6/E7 was sequenced. Sociodemographic data of patients was collected by questionnaire. All women were at C2-C3 stages of HIV-infection (by CDC). The majority were over 30 years old, had secondary education, were unemployed, had sexual partners, experienced 2–3 pregnancies and at least one abortion, and were smokers. The most prevalent was HPV16 detected in the cervical smears of 38% of study participants. Altogether 34.5% of study participants were positive for HR HPV types other than HPV16; however, but none of these types was seen in more than 7% of tested samples. Altogether, 20.7% of study participants were positive for several HR HPV types. Infections with HPVs other than HPV16 were common among WLWH with generalized TB receiving combined ART/TB-therapy, and associated with their ability to work, indirectly reflecting both their health and lifestyle. The overall prevalence of HR HPVs was associated with sexual activity of women reflected by the number of pregnancies, and of HPV 16, with young age; none was associated to CD4+-counts, route of HIV-infection, duration of life with HIV, forms of TB-infection, or duration of ART, characterizing the immune status. Thus, WLWH with TB—especially young—were predisposed to infection with HPV16, advancing it as a basis for a therapeutic HPV vaccine. Phylogenetic analysis of HPV16 E5, E6/E7 DNA revealed no common ancestry; sequences were similar to those of the European and American HPV16 strains, indicating that HPV vaccine for WLWH could be the same as HPV16 vaccines developed for the general population. Sociodemographic and health correlates of HR HPV prevalence in WLWH deserve further analysis to develop criteria/recommendations for prophylactic catch-up and therapeutic HPV vaccination of this highly susceptible and vulnerable population group.publishersversionPeer reviewe

ОЦЕНКА ДОЗ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В РЕНТГЕНОГРАФИИ И ИХ ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПУТЕМ УСТАНОВЛЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИХ РЕКОМЕНДОВАННЫХ УРОВНЕЙ

The results of patient’s entrance surface dose measurements for common X-ray examinations (radiography of chest, cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, pelvis and chest fluorography) are presented. The evaluation of diagnostic reference levels was carried out from results of the dose distribution study with determinations of third quartile. The optimization of patient’s doses in diagnostic radiology is possible by monitoring of them using various dosimetry methods and comparison with established national diagnostic reference levels.В работе представлены данные измерений входных поверхностных доз пациентов для таких массовых рентгенодиагностических исследований, как: рентгенография органов грудной клетки, шейного, грудного, поясничного отделов позвоночника, таза и флюорография. Оценка диагностических референтных уровней проведена по результатам изучения распределений доз с определением третьих квартилей. Оптимизация доз пациентов в рентгенодиагностике возможна путем их мониторинга различными дозиметрическими методами и сопоставления с установленными национальными диагностическими референтными уровнями

Молекулярно -эпидемиологическая характеристика стрептококков, выделенных у детей младшего школьного возраста во Вьетнаме

Objectives. The goal of the study was to isolate group A, С, and G streptococci from children and characterize them by the methods of molecular epidemiology.Materials and methods. Group A, С, and G streptococci were isolated from tonsils and back wall of pharynx of Vietnamese children during 2012–2014. сpn60 gene based PCR approach and rnpB gene sequencing were used to identify streptococcal species belonging to group С and G streptococci. The presence of scpA, lmb, nga, slo virulence genes was analyzed in S. anginosus and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strainS. emm-typing of S. pyogenes was done as published (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep/MProteinGene_typing.htm). Antibiotic resistance of the strains was tested by the disk diffusion method.Results. A total of 1359 children were examined. Group A streptococci (S. pyogenes) were isolated from 49 children, group C streptococci – from 8 children (4 stains – S. anginosus, 1 strain – S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, 1 strain – S. parasanguinis, 1 strain – S. gordonii, 1 strain – S. constellatus), and group G streptococci – from 75 children (55 stains – S. anginosus, 8 stains – S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, 4 stains – S. sanguinis, 3 stains – S. parasanguinis, 2 stains – S. australis, 2 stains – S. constellatus, 1 stain – S. mitis). emm-typing of 47 S. pyogenes strains revealed 15 different emm-subtypes belonging to 11 different emm-typeS. The subtypes emm104.0 and emm109.1 were found to be predominant. S. anginosus strains under study were genetically heterogeneous for the presence of virulence genes. All tested strains were susceptible to cephalosporins and vancomycin, and resistant to amikacine. A total of 70% and 52,5% of S. pyogenes were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, respectively.Цель. Выделение стрептококков групп А, С, G у детей младшего школьного возраста и их характеристика с использованием методов молекулярной эпидемиологии.Материалы и методы. Изоляты стрептококков групп А, С и G выделяли с поверхности миндалин и задней стенки глотки у 1359 детей младшего школьного возраста во Вьетнаме в 2012–2014 гг. Видовую принадлежность стрептококков групп С и G выявляли с помощью экспресс-метода дифференциальной ПЦР-диагностики и секвенирования гена rnpB. Наличие генов вирулентности scpA, lmb, nga, slo у штаммов S. anginosus и S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis анализировали с использованием ПЦР. emm-типирование штаммов S. pyogenes проводили согласно методике, опубликованной на сайте Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/biotech/strep/M-ProteinGene_typing. htm). Спектр антибиотикорезистентности штаммов определяли диско-диффузионным методом.Результаты. В результате микробиологического исследования материала с миндалин и задней стенки глотки были выделены и идентифицированы 49 штаммов стрептококков группы А (S. pyogenes), 8 штаммов стрептококков группы С (4 штамма – S. anginosus, по 1 штамму – S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, S. parasanguinis, S. gordonii, S. constellatus) и 75 штаммов стрептококков группы G (55 штаммов – S. anginosus, 8 штаммов – S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis, 4 штамма – S. sanguinis, 3 штамма – S. parasanguinis, 2 – штамма S. australis, 2 штамма – S. constellatus, 1 штамм – S. mitis). Среди 47 штаммов S. pyogenes было выявлено 15 emm-подтипов, относящихся к 11 emm-типам. Доминирующими оказались редко встречающиеся генотипы emm104.0 и emm109.1. Выявлен геномный полиморфизм штаммов S. anginosus по наличию генов вирулентности. Все исследованные штаммы были чувствительны к цефалоспоринам и ванкомицину и устойчивы к амикацину. 70% штаммов S. pyogenes были устойчивы к тетрациклину и 52,5% – к эритромицину

Spontaneous dural tear leading to intracranial hypotension and tonsillar herniation in Marfan syndrome: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We describe the case of a 38 year old male with Marfan syndrome who presented with orthostatic headaches and seizures.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>The patient was diagnosed with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension secondary to CSF leaks, objectively demonstrated by MR Myelogram with intrathecal contrast. Epidural autologus blood patch was administered at the leakage site leading to significant improvement.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our literature search shows that this is the second reported case of a Marfan patient presenting with symptomatic spontaneous CSF leaks along with tonsillar herniation.</p

Evaluation of a Video Based Training Package on Staff Treatment Integrity Levels

Staff training is a critical element in assuring the effectiveness of behavior change agents in human services. Expense and time often limit the amount of training provided to staff members. Video based methods of training allow for flexible and repeated viewing. There has been no evaluation of the effectiveness of such methods on treatment integrity. To answer the question of whether an interactive video could improve performance in a meaningful way, an entirely video based training package was developed from methods that have been most effective in producing best outcomes according to the training literature. The package consisted of competency based instructions with modeling and video feedback evaluated across two different skills and four participants. The training package comprised three parts: competency based instructions with modeling, written feedback, and observational feedback. Each part of the training was evaluated for its efficacy. A multiple baseline design across participants counter balanced for skills was used and staff treatment integrity was measured as a percent correct of critical elements. All four participants achieved 100% treatment integrity on at least one of the skills trained. Two of the participants did not reach 100% on one of the skills. Maintenance and generalization probes conducted 4-8 weeks after completion of training showed that all three of the participants evaluated maintained high levels of treatment integrity

A Basic Evaluation of Distraction

AbstractThe author developed and applied a laboratory preparation to evaluate the effects of distraction on performance under varying conditions. "Distraction" occurs when there is suppression in the frequency of a response. There are often contextual stimuli in the environment that prompt responding despite having no prior or specific stimulus control over that response. There are also stimuli that prompt observing responses but not directly competing responses. The current study specifically investigates types of distracting stimuli which exert stimulus control and prompt directly competing responses that interrupt responding, as well as those which prompt observing responses but do not necessarily prompt a competing response. Training approaches are typically validated when successful under conditions present in the natural environment; previous research on distraction demonstrates difficulty controlling and isolating the relevant variables in that context. This laboratory preparation uses sensitive measurement systems such as the Standard Celeration Chart and the cumulative record to observe moment to moment responding as distractions are introduced. It also allows for quantitative evaluations across and within different modalities of distractors. Although further analyses are warranted, prediction of behavior under "distracting" conditions has been accomplished here in a way that has not been accomplished previously. Data indicate that distractors which directly compete for stimulus control with response requirements for a task at hand result in the greatest response suppression. Stimuli that did not prompt a response that directly competed for stimulus control had less suppressive effects on responding

X-ray acoustic resonance in real crystal

The influence of crystal defects and ultrasound absorption on X-ray diffraction under the condition of X-ray acoustic resonance are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the rocking curve and integral intensity of diffraction are very sensitive to defect's type and concentration