Effect of formoterol/budesonide combination on arterial blood gases in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD

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Role of the product \u3bb\u2032(0)\u3c1\u2032(1) in determining ldpc code performance

The objective of this work is to analyze the importance of the product \u3bb\u2032 (0)\u3c1\u2032 (1) in determining low density parity check (LDPC) code performance, as far as its influence on the weight distribution function and on the decoding thresholds. This analysis is based on the 2006 paper by Di et al., as far as the weight distribution function is concerned, and on the 2018 paper by Vatta et al., regarding the LDPC decoding thresholds. In particular, the first paper Di et al. analyzed the relation between the above mentioned product and the minimum weight of an ensemble of random LDPC codewords, whereas in the second some analytical upper bounds to the LDPC decoding thresholds were determined. In the present work, besides analyzing the performance of an ensemble of LDPC codes through the outcomes of Di et al.\u2019s 2006 paper, we give the relation between one of the upper bounds found in Vatta et al.\u2019s 2018 paper and the above mentioned product \u3bb\u2032 (0)\u3c1\u2032 (1), thus showing its role in also determining an upper bound to LDPC decoding thresholds

Two-year observations of the Jupiter polar regions by JIRAM on board Juno

We observed the evolution of Jupiter's polar cyclonic structures over two years between February 2017 and February 2019, using polar observations by the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper, JIRAM, on the Juno mission. Images and spectra were collected by the instrument in the 5‐μm wavelength range. The images were used to monitor the development of the cyclonic and anticyclonic structures at latitudes higher than 80° both in the northern and the southern hemispheres. Spectroscopic measurements were then used to monitor the abundances of the minor atmospheric constituents water vapor, ammonia, phosphine and germane in the polar regions, where the atmospheric optical depth is less than 1. Finally, we performed a comparative analysis with oceanic cyclones on Earth in an attempt to explain the spectral characteristics of the cyclonic structures we observe in Jupiter's polar atmosphere

Registro de Necromys obscurus (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) en un área natural protegida privada del sudeste bonaerense (República Argentina)

Se reporta el registro de Necromys obscurus (Waterhouse, 1837) en la Estancia y Reserva Natural Paititi, localizada en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, sistema de Tandilia (República Argentina). Los individuos fueron colectados con trampas de captura viva, en su mayoría en áreas dominadas por pastizales nativos. Por otro lado, se alerta sobre el posible peligro del avance de la especie invasora Acacia melanoxylon sobre dichos pastizales, dado que no se capturaron individuos de N. obscurus en áreas dominadas por esta especie arbórea. El presente estudio confirma la presencia de N. obscurus en un área protegida.In the present study we report the presence of Necromys obscurus (Waterhouse, 1837) in Estancia and Natural Reserve Paititi, located in southeastern Buenos Aires Province, Tandilia System. Individuals were captured in live traps, and most of the records came from areas dominated by native grasses. On the other hand, we warn about the possible danger of the advance of the invasive species Acacia melanoxylon on these natural grasslands, as no individuals were found in places dominated by this tree species. This study confirms the presence of N. obscurus in a protected area.Fil: O Connor, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: González Noschese, Camila Sofía. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Comparatore, Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Olmedo, María Luz. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Romero, M. Damián. No especifíca

Distribution extension of Lasiurus blossevillii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in southeastern Buenos Aires province.

Se presenta un nuevo registro de Lasiurus blossevillii (Lesson & Garnot, 1826) (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae) para el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. El mismo corresponde a un ejemplar depositado en la colección de mamíferos del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Lorenzo Scaglia colectado en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Partido General Pueyrredón. El presente trabajo amplía la distribución geográfica de L. blossevillii ca. 142 km hacia el sudeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.A new record for Lasiurus blossevillii (Lesson & Garnot, 1826) from southeastern Buenos Aires province is presented. This record corresponds to a specimen deposited in the mammal collection of Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales “Lorenzo Scaglia”, collected in the city of Mar del Plata, General Pueyrredon District. This work expands the geographical distribution of L. blossevillii ca. 142 km to the southeast of Buenos Aires Province.Fil: Olmedo, M. Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: González Noschese, Camila S.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: O Connor, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Seco Pon, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Romero, M. Damián. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Municipalidad de General Pueyrredon. Secretaría de Cultura. Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Lorenzo Scaglia; Argentin

Parameters for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontal pocket-Randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been investigated as an adjunctive to periodontal treatment but the dosimetry parameters adopted have discrepancies and represent a challenge to measure efficacy. There is a need to understand the clinical parameters required to obtain antimicrobial effects by using aPDT in periodontal pockets. The aim of this study was to investigate parameters relating to the antimicrobial effects of photodynamic therapy in periodontal pockets. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 30 patients with chronic periodontitis. Three incisors from each patient were selected and randomized for the experimental procedures. Microbiological evaluations were performed to quantify microorganisms before and after treatments and spectroscopy was used to identify methylene blue in the pocket. A laser source with emission of radiation at wavelength of ʎ = 660 nm and output radiant power of 100 mW was used for 1, 3 and 5 min. One hundred μM methylene blue was used in aqueous solution and on surfactant vehicle. RESULTS: The results demonstrated the absence of any antimicrobial effect with aqueous methylene blue-mediated PDT. On the other hand, methylene blue in the surfactant vehicle produced microbial reduction in the group irradiated for 5 min (p < 0.05). Spectroscopy showed that surfactant vehicle decreased the dimer peak signal at 610 nm. CONCLUSION: Within the parameters used in this study, PDT mediated by methylene blue in a surfactant vehicle reached significant microbial reduction levels with 5 min of irradiation. The clinical use of PDT may be limited by factors that reduce the antimicrobial effect. Forms of irradiation and stability of the photosensitizers play an important role in clinical aPDT

Juno's Earth flyby: the Jovian infrared Auroral Mapper preliminary results

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper, JIRAM, is an image-spectrometer onboard the NASA Juno spacecraft flying to Jupiter. The instrument has been designed to study the aurora and the atmosphere of the planet in the spectral range 2-5 μm. The very first scientific observation taken with the instrument was at the Moon just before Juno's Earth fly-by occurred on October 9, 2013. The purpose was to check the instrument regular operation modes and to optimize the instrumental performances. The testing activity will be completed with pointing and a radiometric/spectral calibrations shortly after Jupiter Orbit Insertion. Then the reconstruction of some Moon infrared images, together with co-located spectra used to retrieve the lunar surface temperature, is a fundamental step in the instrument operation tuning. The main scope of this article is to serve as a reference to future users of the JIRAM datasets after public release with the NASA Planetary Data System

First Observations of CH 4 and Spatially Resolved Emission Layers at Jupiter Equator, as Seen by JIRAM/Juno

In this work, we present the detection of CH4 and urn:x-wiley:21699097:media:jgre22151:jgre22151-math-0003 emissions in the equatorial atmosphere of Jupiter as two well-separated layers located, respectively, at tangent altitudes of about 200 and 500–600 km above the 1-bar level using the observations of the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM), on board Juno. This provides details of the vertical distribution of urn:x-wiley:21699097:media:jgre22151:jgre22151-math-0004 retrieving its Volume Mixing Ratio (VMR), concentration, and temperature. The thermal profile obtained from urn:x-wiley:21699097:media:jgre22151:jgre22151-math-0005 shows a peak of 600–800 K at about 550 km, with lower values than the ones reported in Seiff et al. (1998), https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01766 above 500 km using VMR and temperature as free parameters and above 650 km when VMR is kept fixed with that model in the retrieval procedure. The observed deviations from the Galileo's profile could potentially point to significant variability in the exospheric temperature with time. We suggest that vertically propagating waves are the most likely explanation for the observed VMR and temperature variations in the JIRAM data. Other possible phenomena could explain the observed evidence, for example, dynamic activity driving chemical species from lower layers toward the upper atmosphere, like the advection-diffusion processes, or precipitation by soft electrons, although better modeling is required to test these hypothesis. The characterization of CH4 and urn:x-wiley:21699097:media:jgre22151:jgre22151-math-0006 species, simultaneously observed by JIRAM, offers the opportunity for better constraining atmospheric models of Jupiter at equatorial latitudes

Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) after nine years of operation: a summary

Mars Express, the first European interplanetary mission, carries the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) to search for ice and water in the Martian subsurface. Developed by an Italian–US team, MARSIS transmits low-frequency, wide-band radio pulses penetrating below the surface and reflected by dielectric discontinuities linked to structural or compositional changes. MARSIS is also a topside ionosphere sounder,transmitting a burst of short, narrow-band pulses at different frequencies that are reflected by plasma with varying densities at different altitudes.The radar operates since July 2005, after the successful deployment of its 40 m antenna, acquiring data at altitudes lower than 1200 km. Subsurface sounding (SS)data are processed on board by stacking together a batch of echoes acquired at the same frequency. Onground, SS data are further processed by correlating the received echo with the transmitted waveform and compensating de-focusing caused by the dispersive ionosphere. Ground processing of active ionospheric sounding (AIS)data consists in the reconstruction of the electron density profile as a function of altitude. MARSIS observed the internal structure of Planum Boreum outlining the Basal Unit, an icy deposit lying beneath the North Polar Layered Deposits thought to have formed in an epoch in which climate was markedly different from the current one.The total volume of ice in polar layered deposits could be estimated, and parts of the Southern residual ice cap were revealed to consist of 10 m of CO2 ice. Radar properties of the Vastitas Borealis Formation point to the presence of large quantities of ice buried beneath the surface. Observations of the ionosphere revealed the complex interplay between plasma, crustal magnetic field and solar wind, contributing to space weather studies at Mars. The presence of three-dimensional plasma structures in the ionosphere was revealed for the first time. MARSIS could successfully operate at Phobos, becoming the first instrument of its kind to observe an asteroid-like body. The main goal pursued by MARSIS, the search for liquid water beneath the surface, remains elusive. However, because of the many factors affecting detection and of the difficulties in identifying water in radar echoes, a definitive conclusion on its presence cannot yet be drawn