Designing a Voluntary Beef Checkoff

Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court considered whether the mandatory fees imposed by the beef checkoff violates the First Amendment. As a precaution, many states began forming voluntary beef checkoffs, where funds would be raised through voluntary contributions. This study conducted a survey of Oklahoma cattle producers to determine what type ofvoluntary checkoff design would receive the greatest support. The most popular checkoff placed a large emphasis on advertising and a slightly lower checkoff fee. The survey also tested the ability of a provision point mechanism to limit free-riding. The mechanism was not as effective as in other studies which used laboratory experiments.beef marketing, checkoff, free-rider, provision point mechanism, public good, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Active control of a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell - part 2: active modal control

In part 1, it was shown that the radiated sound pressure due to low frequency vibration of a fluid¬ loaded pressure hull is contributed to by the axial displacement (radiated pressure due to the end plates), and the radial displacement (radiated pressure due to the curved hull surface) [1]. Active control is a technique that can be used to control the hull vibration modes of a submarine and thereby reduce the radiated noise signature due to these modes. In this paper, the effect on the radiated sound pressure resulting from actively controlling the axial and radial displacements for the first two axial resonance modes of a submerged cylinder is investigated. Results show that attenuation of the axial displacement is more effective in reducing the radiated noise compared with attenuation of the radial motion. The control performance is strongly dependent on error sensor location for a given resonance mode. The use of active modal control has shown great potential to control full size hull vibration modes

Active control of a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell - part 1: dynamics of the physical system

The dynamic response and noise radiation of a ring stiffened finite cylindrical shell subject to an axial excitation is presented. The effect of the ring stiffeners, finite end conditions, bulkheads, fluid-loading conditions and axial excitation due to the propulsion are taken into account in the low frequency analysis. Results show that the total radiated acoustic signature is due to both the axial and radial vibration motion of the submerged cylinder. The model developed in this paper is used for active control of a fluid-loaded cylinder, which is presented in part 2 of this work

Active control of a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell - part 2: active modal control

In part 1, it was shown that the radiated sound pressure due to low frequency vibration of a fluid¬ loaded pressure hull is contributed to by the axial displacement (radiated pressure due to the end plates), and the radial displacement (radiated pressure due to the curved hull surface) [1]. Active control is a technique that can be used to control the hull vibration modes of a submarine and thereby reduce the radiated noise signature due to these modes. In this paper, the effect on the radiated sound pressure resulting from actively controlling the axial and radial displacements for the first two axial resonance modes of a submerged cylinder is investigated. Results show that attenuation of the axial displacement is more effective in reducing the radiated noise compared with attenuation of the radial motion. The control performance is strongly dependent on error sensor location for a given resonance mode. The use of active modal control has shown great potential to control full size hull vibration modes

An analytical investigation of single actuator and error sensor control in connected plates

Vibrations in structures travel in the form of flexural and extensional waves, and transfer energy to other components of the system coupled to the structure. This may result in an undesirable system response or sound radiation. This paper presents an analytical and computational investigation of active control of the dynamic response characteristics of a series of rectangular plates coupled together and subject to point force excitation. The idealized periodic point force may represent the actions of vibrating mounted machinery such as motors or engines. Feedforward active control of the flexural waves in the plate configurations is applied to actively attenuate the structural response. It is shown that for L, T and cross-shaped plates, global attenuation may be achieved using a single control source and a single error sensor

Informal Caregivers Aptitude to Aid in Daily Activities of Patients with Dementia

Abstract Background: There is a plethora of research in regards to caregiver burden. The caregivers of patients with dementia experience significant amounts of caregiver burden due to the physical and cognitive impairments associated with the disease process. Despite the in-depth research regarding the caregiver burden of caregivers of patients with dementia, there is little known about how informal caregivers perceive their ability to provide assistance to those they care for during daily activities. Aim: The purpose of this study is to identify informal caregivers’ perceived ability to provide care during activities of daily living for patients with dementia and assess the types of interventions that could aid in their care. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were employed to guide the selection process of research literature. Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed were used to complete a comprehensive review of the research literature. The informal caregivers’ burden was measured with the short version of the Zarit Burden Interview, which represents a self-reported questionnaire completed by the caregivers in regards to their perceived burden. Interventions including mindfulness, occupational therapy, and Connected Health were also assessed. Results: Fourteen articles were included in the study. These articles met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study illustrated that informal caregivers possessed a limited understanding of the sequential decline in ADL and appropriate interventions due to the amount of time dedicated to aiding the patients. However, the intervention of mindfulness decreased the amount of stress and depression experienced by both the informal caregiver and the patient. Conclusion: The information collected can be used to aid and provide interventions for informal caregivers in their care of patients with dementia, specifically for the assistance of activities of daily living

Active control of connected plates using single and multiple actuators and error sensors

Active control of the structure-borne vibration transmission in resonant, built-up structures which typically represent a ship hull is analytically and experimentally investigated. Using feedforward active control, the control performance is compared for both dependent and independent control force arrangements. Multiple actuator control forces and multiple error sensors are used to actively control the frequency response. The global response of the coupled plate structure is also presented for active control at discrete resonance frequencies