Development and evaluation of an intervention to improve further education students' understanding of higher education assessment criteria: three studies

Three studies about helping Further Education students prepare for study at universityThis paper reports three studies about preparing Further Education (FE) students for the transition to Higher Education (HE) by improving their understanding of HE assessment criteria. In study 1, students and tutors in both FE and HE were interviewed for a qualitative analysis of their understandings and expectations about assessment criteria. In study 2, students in FE and HE completed questionnaires measuring self-rated understanding and ability about assessment criteria, and beliefs about essay writing. Studies 1 and 2 both showed that FE students were more confident than HE students about their understanding and ability in relation to assessment criteria, but FE students’ understandings suggested more surface approaches to learning and more naïve epistemological beliefs. In study 3, a workshop intervention to improve FE students’ understandings of HE assessment criteria was evaluated in a comparative longitudinal trial. The intervention reduced FE students’ self-rated understanding and ability, and promoted more sophisticated beliefs about essay writing, by comparison with students who received standard tuition. We concluded that interventions to develop more realistic understandings of what is required in academic writing could be used to prepare FE students more effectively for the transition to HE

Automated Mars surface sample return mission concepts for achievement of essential scientific objectives

Mission concepts were investigated for automated return to Earth of a Mars surface sample adequate for detailed analyses in scientific laboratories. The minimum sample mass sufficient to meet scientific requirements was determined. Types of materials and supporting measurements for essential analyses are reported. A baseline trajectory profile was selected for its low energy requirements and relatively simple implementation, and trajectory profile design data were developed for 1979 and 1981 launch opportunities. Efficient spacecraft systems were conceived by utilizing existing technology where possible. Systems concepts emphasized the 1979 launch opportunity, and the applicability of results to other opportunities was assessed. It was shown that the baseline missions (return through Mars parking orbit) and some comparison missions (return after sample transfer in Mars orbit) can be accomplished by using a single Titan III E/Centaur as the launch vehicle. All missions investigated can be accomplished by use of Space Shuttle/Centaur vehicles

Testing and analyses of electrochemical cells using frequency response

The feasibility of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a method for analyzing battery state of health and state of charge was investigated. Porous silver, zinc, nickel, and cadmium electrodes as well as silver/zinc cells were studied. State of charge could be correlated with impedance data for all but the nickel electrodes. State of health was correlated with impedance data for two silver/zinc cells, one apparently good and the other dead. The experimental data were fit to equivalent circuit models

Change in "Self-as-Context" ("Perspective-taking") occurs in acceptance and commitment therapy for people with chronic pain and is associated with improved functioning

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is based on the psychological flexibility model, which includes a therapeutic process referred to as ‘‘self-as-context’’ (SAC). This study investigates whether ACT is associated with an effect on SAC and whether this effect is linked to treatment outcomes in people with chronic pain. Four hundred twelve adults referred to a pain management center participated in the study. Participants completed measures of treatment processes (SAC, pain acceptance) and outcomes (pain-related interference, work and social adjustment, depression) before treatment, upon completion of treatment, and at 9-month follow-up. Paired sample t-tests and analyses of meaningful change were conducted to examine changes in processes and outcomes. Regression analyses with residualized change scores from process and outcome variables, and bivariate growth curve modeling were used to examine the association between change in SAC and change in outcomes. Participants significantly improved on all process and outcome variables at post-treatment (d = .38–.98) and 9-month follow-up (d = .24–.75). Forty-two to 67.5% of participants showed meaningful improvements on each outcome at post-treatment and follow-up. Change in SAC was associated with change in outcomes (b = –.21 to –.31; r = –.16 to –.46). Results support a role for change in SAC in treatment as the psychological flexibility model suggested

Evolutionary conservation of conduction velocity through NF-M microsatellite expansion [abstract]

Abstract only availableMyelination results in rapid conduction velocities due to myelin-dependent radial axonal growth and axonal insulation. As larger mammals evolved, the resulting increase in axonal length would require a compensatory mechanism to maintain rapid conduction velocity. The main cytoskeletal component of myelinated axons is neurofilaments. Additionally, neurofilaments medium (NF-M) and heavy (NF-H) are more heavily phosphorylated on serine residues of the lysine-serine-proline (KSP) microsatellite than in non-myelinated areas of the same axon. In mouse, evidence suggests that the loss of the NF-M microsatellite strongly inhibits radial-axonal growth resulting in decreased conduction velocity. My preliminary results suggest a direct relationship between the axonal length and the number of KSP repeats in the NF-M microsatellite. Using degenerate primers, I have amplified exon 3 of the NF-M gene from genomic DNA of phylogenically diverse mammals. Gel electrophoresis data indicates an increase in the length of exon 3 with an increase in species size. Through DNA sequence analysis, we are in the process of determining if the increase in length of exon 3 is due to an increase in the number of KSP repeats in the NF-M microsatellite. This evidence suggests that the expansion of the KSP repeats of the NF-M microsatellite may be a possible mechanism through which evolution increased axonal diameter as larger animals evolved. As axonal diameter is one of the key determinants of conduction velocity, larger axonal diameters may allow for conservation of conduction rates in mammals of differing sizes as is observed in mouse and humans (both conduct at ~50m/s)

Comparative Analysis of the Major Polypeptides from Liver Gap Junctions and Lens Fiber Junctions

Gap junctions from rat liver and fiber junctions from bovine lens have similar septilaminar profiles when examined by thin-section electron microscopy and differ only slightly with respect to the packing of intramembrane particles in freeze-fracture images. These similarities have often led to lens fiber junctions being referred to as gap junctions. Junctions from both sources were isolated as enriched subcellular fractions and their major polypeptide components compared biochemically and immunochemically. The major liver gap junction polypeptide has an apparent molecular weight of 27,000, while a 25,000-dalton polypeptide is the major component of lens fiber junctions. The two polypeptides are not homologous when compared by partial peptide mapping in SDS. In addition, there is not detectable antigenic similarity between the two polypeptides by immunochemical criteria using antibodies to the 25,000-dalton lens fiber junction polypeptide. Thus, in spite of the ultrastructural similarities, the gap junction and the lens fiber junction are comprised of distinctly different polypeptides, suggesting that the lens fiber junction contains a unique gene product and potentially different physiological properties

A Case Study in Light Industrial Buildings

The title of this thesis is A Case Study in Light Industrial Buildings. After research in this area I am more convinced than ever that such a study is needed. The single building that represents most of today\u27s monuments is no longer solving the problem that arises in a complex society. We as architects are no longer as naive to think that form alone can solve the challenges of the 21st century. A philosopher a few years ago said we were in an era of analysis aid that the next era would be that of suspended judgement. These qualities of analysis and synthesis have been employed by architects for some time but usually by a single person acting alone and acting on a single isolated building. It worked then; it does not work now. No longer can design be limited to one individual\u27s intuition and experience. What is needed is a closer look at the organization or structure inherent in types of buildings and complexes of buildings. This structure in context with goals, constraints, and trends should evolve into an architecture that is not only unique but that solves the problems

Getting to Trustworthiness (But Not Necessarily to Trust)

As ethicist and political scientist Russell Hardin observed, our willingness to trust an actor generally turns on our own experience with, and thus our own perceptions of, that actor’s motives and that actor’s competence. Changes over time and technology can alter our experience with a particular actor and thus our willingness to trust or distrust that actor. This symposium essay focuses not on how to encourage the public to trust the media, but instead on how the media’ can behave in trustworthy ways--in other words, how its choices can demonstrate its trustworthy motives and competence. Examples include refusing to amplify destructive behavior. Disclosing data sources, evidence sets, the personal data that the media collects from its users and what it does with it. Demonstrating epistemic humility, by, for example, investing in self-education about scientific and other technical matters. Seeking out and responding to public feedback and scrutiny