PRARANCANGAN PABRIK BIOETHANOL DARI TETES TEBU DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI KAPASITAS 37.000 TON/TAHUN

Amonium sulfat adalah garam anorganik yang biasanya digunakan sebagai pupuk nitrogen selain pupuk urea. Dalam pupuk amonium sulfat terdapat kandungan nitrogen dalam bentuk kation amonium yang mudah melepas hidrogen dan sulfur dalam bentuk anion sulfat yang mudah diserap tanaman oleh karena itu sebagian besar (97%) amonium sulfat digunakan sebagai pupuk penambah unsur nitrogen untuk tanaman dan sisanya (3%) digunakan di bidang industri seperti pengolahan air, fermentasi dan penyamakan. Proses  pembuatan amonium sulfat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses netralisasi dari asam sulfat dan amonia.    Pembuatan amonium sulfat dengan proses netralisasi diawali dengan mempersiapkan bahan baku yaitu merubah fase amonia dari cair menjadi gas dan memanaskan asam sulfat sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor bubble dengan tekanan 1 atm dan suhu operasi 106°C. Proses netralisasi terjadi dalam reaktor bubble, kemudian hasil keluaran reaktor di masukkan ke centrifuge untuk dipisahkan antara kristal basah yang terbentuk dan filtrat nya. Filrat yang dihasilkan akan dimasukkan ke evaporator untuk dipekatkan sedangkan Kristal basah dimasukkan ke dalam rotary dryer untuk dikeringkan atau untuk mengurangi kandungan airnya hingga 0,15%. Kristal keluaran dari rotary dryer dialirkan melalui cooling conveyor dan masuk ke screener untuk mendapatkan amonium sulfat ukuran 30 mesh. Amonium sulfat yang masih tertahan akan dimasukkan crusher untuk dihaluskan kembali. Kemudian amonium sulfat ukuran 30 mesh diangkut menuju bin untuk ditampung. Dari bin selanjutnya amonium sulfat masuk ke unit pengemasan dan disimpan dalam gudang sebelum dipasarkan. Amonium sulfat diproduksi dengan kapasitas 800.000 ton/tahun dengan 330 hari kerja dalam 1 tahun dan dioperasikan mulai tahun 2024. Perndirian pabrik direncanakan berlokasi di Bontang, Kalimantan Timur dengan luas area 80500 m². tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 159 orang dan bentuk perusahaan Perseroan Terbatas (PT) dengan system organisasi line dan staff. Kebutuhan utilitas di ambil dari sungai Guntung sebanyak 2685,6920 m³/hari. Sedangkan kebutuhan listrik untuk operasional pabrik sebesar 10144,6650 kW. Berdasarkan hasil analisa ekonomi, didapat nilai  Return on Invesment (ROI) sesudah pajak untuk pabrik ini sebesar 19%, Pay Out Time (POT) sesudah pajak sebesar 3,4 tahun. Sedangkan nilai Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 41% dan Shut Down Point (SDP) sebesar 34%. Nilai-nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pabrik ini bisa dipertimbangkan pendiriannya dan dapat diteruskan ke tahap perencanaan pabrik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan.  Kata kunci : Amonium sulfat, Netralisasi, Break Event Point, Shut Down Poin

Extraction and Properties of Gelatin from Spotted Oceanic Triggerfish (Canthidermis maculata) Skin and Bone

Effects of pretreatments with different alkali and acid concentrations, and extraction temperatures on fish gelatin extraction and properties was studied. The resultant fish gelatins were evaluated in terms of extraction yield, viscosity, gel strength, and pH. The combination of higher acid pretreatment concentrations and extraction temperatures removed the noncollagenous protein and provided proper pH extraction condition which resulted higher gelatin extraction yield. However, the gel strength decreased with the increase of acid concentration. The gel strength and pH of gelatin increase proportionally to the increase in alkali concentration and extraction temperature. No significant effects of the three treatments on the gelatin viscocity. The recommended gelatin extraction process conditions was using alkali concentration (NaOH) of 0.55 N, acid (HCl) of  0.95 N, and a temperature of 60 °C. The optimal solution formula had optimization targets of 79.5% and was predicted to produce a gel with 11.21% yield and pH 3.

Citizens’ satisfaction towards the quality of e-filing service / Nur Qaiyisha Suhardi and Normalina Mahmud

This research was about the citizens’ satisfaction towards the quality of E-Filing service. The purpose of this research was to identify the citizens’ satisfaction towards the quality of E-Filing, the relationship between tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy which were the independent variables that could influence and lead to the citizens’ satisfaction which was the dependent Variable. The sample chose was 155 respondents. Researchers used stratified sampling technique to determine the number of sample size and distributed self-administered questionnaires. In analysing the findings, researcher used descriptive statistic, pearson correlation and multiple regression by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0. The result indicated that there was a significant relationship between tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and citizens’ satisfaction towards the quality of E-Filing service

KESESUAIAN BAHAN PEMBUATAN KAPAL PURSE SEINE BERDASARKAN ATURAN BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA DI DESA PAGARUYUNG KECAMATAN KUSAN HILIR

Pembangunan kapal kayu di galangan Desa Pagaruyung dilakukan secara tradisional dengan pengetahuan yang tertulis secara turun temurun sehingga tidak diketahui rancangan tersebut sesuai atau tidak dengan aturan Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI). Tujuan penelitian mengetahui material kapal purse seine dengan menggunakan aturan BKI. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus dengan menggunakan analisis numerik yang diperoleh dengan pengukuran dan pengamatan kemudian dibandingkan dengan aturan BKI. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, material kayu yang digunakan adalah kayu ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) yang digunakakan pada bagian lunas, linggi haluan dan linggi buritan, gading-gading, galar balok, balok geladak, papan kulit dan pondasi mesin, kayu alaban atau laban (Vitex pubesceus) digunakan pada bagian papan geladak, palka ikan, bangunan dan papan kulit. Konstruksi kapal tidak sesuai dengan aturan yang ditetapkan BKI, Konstruksi kapal purse seine adalah konstruksi campuran atau kombinasi

Analysis of Factors Affecting Students and Effectiveness of Online Lectures Through a System Approach

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of place factors, lecturers, students, parents, materials, and facilities that were transformed into the lecture process on student satisfaction and lecture effectiveness.This research is a quantitative descriptive study using a survey method via an online google form to 245 students in the city of Banjarmasin. Calculations using part analysis program SPSS direct and indirect effects.The results showed that the factor of place, lecturers, students, parents, materials, and facilities had an effect on the lecture process where the influence of parental support was the most dominant, followed by the role of the lecturer. The level of student satisfaction in the effectiveness of lectures is strongly influenced by the lecture method carried out in a toturial manner. Students who like learning will be very helpful in transferring lessons.The implication is that parents must be given awareness to support online lectures, and must perform interpersonal skills by utilizing technology. To facilitate the transfer of knowledge, students must first be interested in the lesson Keywords: Online Lecture System, Student Satisfaction, Learning Effectiveness DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-32-06 Publication date: November 30th 202

Innovation in logistics services – halal logistics

Purpose: The expansion of liberalization of trade and services has forced companies to consider the global market demand in their competitive strategic planning. Hence, business organisations need to be continuously as innovation could promise potential growth and development so as to gain competitive advantage in being ahead in the market. Specifically, supply chain has always been viewed as the most important areas to be innovated as it would be an effective means to gain efficiencies and eliminate accumulating competitive pressures and thus increasing innovations. Thus, the purpose of this study is to present a case study that demonstrates an innovation created in the logistics services, i.e. halal logistics services, as to fulfil the increasing demand of the customers throughout the world particularly the rising number of Muslim population. Research approach: This study uses case study approach to elaborate the implementation of halal logistics practice. In achieving the objective, related literature concerning the halal concept is reviewed and explained to provide better understandings of the concept and how it is applied to logistics services. The emphasis on the innovativeness of this concept is also included. The data for the case study is gained from in-depth interviews with the corporate and operation managers of two leading logistics service providers in Malaysia, who are the subjects of the case. Findings and Originality: This study found new logistics services that are able to fulfil the growing demand of the customers especially the increasing number of Muslims. This is important as these services have taken into consideration several factors such as comprehensive hygiene practices and thus, is also crucial to other customers. However, understanding the basic concept of halal practice and the rationale of its implementation is very crucial before one can commit to its practice. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge through the elaboration of a case study, which demonstrates the application of halal concept into logistics service practices. Research impact: This study introduces a new concept of halal logistics, which applies the concept of halal into logistics. The needs to initiate more logistics services that are based on halal concept are crucial in meeting the needs of the increasing demand by the customers. Practical impact: The findings provide insights to the practitioners of the importance in implementating halal logistics services. It also indicates the needs for logistics companies to be innovative in creating more halal logistics services to fulfill these demands.Halal logistics, innovation, case study

Halalan toyyiban supply chain of the food industry / Emi Normalina Omar, Harlina Suzana Jaafar & Muhamad Rahimi Osman

In the era of globalization, halalan toyyiban supply chain (HTSC) is a contemporary approach to the global market. This study explores the supply chain process and discloses the practicalities in the production of halal chicken meat. The research focus on storage of the poultry, which covers from farm to customer, in particular the identification of the HTSC critical control points along the process of the supply chain. The research also categorizes the food supply chain process into three phases i.e. preslaughtering, slaughtering and post-slaughtering. This study emphasizes on chicken meat, which is two-third of the meat sales in Malaysia and Klang Valley as the case study. Interviews were used in identifying the halal/halalan and toyyib/toyyiban issues, and control points along in storage, which are frequently interrelate

Pembuatan Minyak Kemenyan (Minyak Obat Tradisional Khas Aceh) dengan Variasi Jenis Bahan Baku Minyak dan Konsentrasi Bahan Pewangi

“Minyak kemenyan” is one of Aceh’s unique products made from “pliek u” oil that is coconut oil produced traditionally from fermented coconut. Process in making minyak kemenyan is still traditional using main raw material pliek u oil, benzoe, and pleasant smell herbal which resulted in specific scent of minyak kemenyan. The oil is believed by Acehnese can cure some diseases and often use as a medicinal oil.The aim of this research is to study effects of using variety of vegetable oils (pliek u oil, hot extracted copra oil, and palm oil), and scented herbal concentration on the quality of minyak kemenyan. A randomized block design arranged factorially with three replicates was used. Product analysis were acid value, peroxide value, ester value, and sensory evaluation on smell and color of minyak kemenyan.Traditional purifying process of pliek u oil, and copra oil decreased the acid, peroxide, and iodine values of the oils. Whereas scented herbal concentration caused no significant effect on any quality values of minyak kemenyan. Processing the vegetable oils into minyak kemenyan caused slightly increased in the acid and iodine values, but significantly decreased the peroxide value of that made from pliek u oil. The best treatment was minyak kemenyan produced using pliek u oil with acid value of 6.20 mg KOH/g, peroxide value of 18,20 mgO2/100g sampel, iodine value of 4.53 Iod/100 g, ester value of 173.96 mg NaOH/g, smell and color prefered by panelist with scores of 3.0 (=ordinary) and 3.6 (=like), respectively.Keywords: traditional product, “minyak kemenyan”, “pliek u oil”, benzoe, scented herba