HCV-coinfection is related to an increased HIV-1 reservoir size in cART-treated HIV patients: a cross-sectional study

In HIV-1/HCV-coinfected patients, chronic HCV infection leads to an increased T-lymphocyte immune activation compared to HIV-monoinfected patients, thereby likely contributing to increase HIV-1 reservoir that is the major barrier for its eradication. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of HCV coinfection in HIV-1 viral reservoir size in resting (r) CD4+ T-cells (CD25-CD69-HLADR-). Multicenter cross-sectional study of 97 cART-treated HIV-1 patients, including 36 patients with HIV and HCV-chronic co-infection without anti-HCV treatment, 32 HIV patients with HCV spontaneous clearance and 29 HIV-monoinfected patients. rCD4+ T-cells were isolated and total DNA was extracted. HIV viral reservoir was measured by Alu-LTR qPCR. Differences between groups were calculated with a generalized linear model. Overall, 63.9% were men, median age of 41 years and Caucasian. Median CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes were 725 and 858 cells/mm 3 , respectively. CD4+ T nadir cells was 305 cells/mm 3 . Proviral HIV-1 DNA size was significantly increased in chronic HIV/HCV-coinfected compared to HIV-monoinfected patients (206.21 ± 47.38 vs. 87.34 ± 22.46, respectively; P = 0.009), as well as in spontaneously clarified HCV co-infected patients when compared to HIV-monoinfected individuals (136.20 ± 33.20; P = 0.009). HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients showed a larger HIV-1 reservoir size in comparison to HIV-monoinfected individuals. This increase could lead to a greater complexity in the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir in HIV-1/HCV-coinfected individuals, which should be considered in the current strategies for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoir.Financial support was provided by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III to VB (PI15CIII/00031), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to MC (SAF2016–78480-R) and The SPANISH AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001, RD16CIII/0002/0002 and RD16/0025/0013 - ISCIII – FEDER. MRLP is supported by ISCIII - Subdirección General de Evaluacion and European Funding for Regional Development (FEDER) (PIE 13/00040 and RD12/0017/0017 RETIC de SIDA). C.P. is supported by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) (grant number SFRH/ BPD/77448/2011 is part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union). V.B., A.F.R. and N.R. are supported by the Miguel Servet programme from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (ISCIII) (grant number CP13/00098, CP14/CIII/00010 and CP14/00198, respectively)

El factor de activación plaquetaria y su relación con el daño oxidativo

El factor de activación plaquetaria es un fosfolípido de síntesis endógena relacionado directamente con diversos procesos como isquemia, necrosis, trombosis y otros. El principal blanco de sus efectos deletéreos se encuentra en las células endoteliales, leucocitos y plaquetas, donde provoca graves perturbaciones mecánicas, reológicas y bioquímicas en la unidad circulatoria. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica del factor de activación plaquetaria, su síntesis endógena, sus funciones biológicas, con especial énfasis en su relación con el daño oxidativo, así como los principales antagonistas conocidos. Se enfatizó el efecto de los ginkgólidos contenidos en el EGB 761 (extracto de Ginkgo biloba) y su aplicación en la clínica de diversos procesos patológicos relacionados con la circulación cerebral y periféricaThe platelet activating factor is an endogenous synthesis phospholipid directly linked to a series of processes such as ischemia, necrosis, thrombosis and others. The main target of its deleterous effects is found in endotelial cells, leukocytes and platelets whereas it causes serious mechanical, reologic and biochemical disturbances in the circulation unit. A literature review was made on plaletet-activating factor, its endogenous synthesis, biological functions with special emphasis on the relation of this factor with oxidative damage and the main known antagonists. The effect of ginkgolids contained in EGB 761 (Ginkgo biloba extract) and their application for treating several pathological processes related to brain and peripheral circulation were emphazide