3D hand posture recognition using multicam

This paper presents the hand posture recognition in 3D using the MultiCam, a monocular 2D/3D camera developed by Center of Sensorsystems (ZESS). The :VlultiCam is a camera which is capable to provide high resolution of color data acquired from CMOS sensors and low resolution of distance (or range) data calculated based on timeof- flight (ToF) technology using Photonic Mixer Device (PMD) sensors. The availability of the distance data allows the hand posture to be recognized in z-axis direction without complex computational algorithms which also enables the program to work in real-time processing as well as eliminates the background effectively. The hand posture recognition will employ a simple but robust algorithm by checking the number of fingers detected around virtually created circle centered at the Center of Mass (CoM) of the hand and therefore classifies the class associated with a particular hand posture. At the end of this paper, the technique that uses intersection between the circle and fingers as the method to classify the hand posture which entails the MultiCam capability is proposed. This technique is able to solve the problem of orientation, size and distance invariants by utilizing the distance data

Performance Of Double Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell: Effect Of Waste Water, Electrode Thickness And Distance

This paper presents the performance evaluation of a double chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) to obtain the maximum amount of power production. Previous works have shown that the performance of a double chamber MFC varies depending on the design of the MFC and the type of waste water. Therefore, various MFC tests were conducted to obtain the maximum amount of power production by varying the distance of electrodes and thickness of the electrode. The types of water were also varied (i.e., fertilizer water, lake water, and soil water) to highlight the effect of the expected different amount of microbes. The experimental results demonstrated that the thicker anode (0.6 cm) and the shorter distances between electrodes (15 cm) showed higher amount of power production in all the three types of waste water. Furthermore, the fertilizer water generated a higher amount of power compared to the soil and lake water

An NMR-compatible microfluidic platform enabling in situ electrochemistry

Combining microfluidic devices with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has the potential of unlocking their vast sample handling and processing operation space for use with the powerful analytics provided by NMR. One particularly challenging class of integrated functional elements from the perspective of NMR are conductive structures. Metallic electrodes could be used for electrochemical sample interaction for example, yet they can cause severe NMR spectral and SNR degradation. These issues are more entangled at the micro-scale since the distorted volume occupies a higher ratio of the sample volume. In this study, a combination of simulation and experimental validation was used to identify an electrode geometry that, in terms of NMR spectral parameters, performs as well as for the case when no electrodes are present. By placing the metal tracks in the side-walls of a microfluidic channel, we found that NMR RF excitation performance was actually enhanced, without compromising B0 homogeneity. Monitoring in situ deposition of chitosan in the microfluidic platform is presented as a proof-of-concept demonstration of NMR characterisation of an electrochemical process

Effect of Distance on the Maximum Data Transfer for Different Mounting Elevations of XBee Pro Module in Viral Advertisement System

This paper presents a study on the effect of distance between XBee Pro modules to the maximum data transfer for three different mounting elevations. The study has been conducted by using two units of XBee Pro modules which each represents a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter is mounted in three different elevations which are 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 meter from the ground while the receiver is fixed at the same elevation. When the transmitter continuously transmits the wireless signal carrying its particular address, the receiver will detect the signal address once the range of communication of both receiver and transmitter intersects. The results obtained are the values of data size, in bytes, with respect to the distance between receiver and transmitter for different mounting elevations of transmitter. These data are then converted into graph that illustrates the data size-distance characteristics for each mounting elevation. Finally, the best mounting elevation is to be identified based on the result obtained

Real‐Time NMR Monitoring of Spatially Segregated Enzymatic Reactions in Multilayered Hydrogel Assemblies**

Compartmentalized chemical reactions at the microscale are important in biotechnology, yet monitoring the molecular content at these small scales is challenging. To address this challenge, we integrate a compact, reconfigurable reaction cell featuring electrochemical functionality with high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate the operation of this system by monitoring the activity of enzymes immobilized in chemically distinct layers within a multi-layered chitosan hydrogel assembly. As a benchmark, we observed the parallel activities of urease (Urs), catalase (Cat), and glucose oxidase (GOx) by monitoring reagent and product concentrations in real-time. Simultaneous monitoring of an independent enzymatic process (Urs) together with a cooperative process (GOx + Cat) was achieved, with chemical conversion modulation of the GOx + Cat process demonstrated by varying the order in which the hydrogel was assembled

Laser-induced hierarchical carbon patterns on polyimide substrates for flexible urea sensors

Thermochemical decomposition of organic materials under heat-treatment in the absence of oxygen, known as the pyrolysis process, is often employed to convert micro and nano patterned polymers into carbon structures, which are subsequently used as device components. Pyrolysis is performed at ≥900 °C, which entails substrate materials with a high thermal stability that excludes flexible, polymeric substrates. We use optimized laser radiation to pattern graphitic carbon structures onto commercially available polyimide (Kapton) sheets in the micrometer to millimeter scale by inducing a localized, rapid pyrolysis, for the fabrication of flexible devices. Resulting laser carbon films are electrically conductive and exhibit a high-surface area with a hierarchical porosity distribution along their cross-section. The material is obtained using various combinations of laser parameters and pyrolysis environment (oxygen-containing and inert). Extensive characterization of laser carbon is performed to understand the correlation between the material properties and laser parameters, primarily fluence and power. A photothermal carbonization mechanism based on the plume formation is proposed. Further, laser carbon is used for the fabrication of enzymatic, pH-based urea sensors using two approaches: (i) direct urease enzyme immobilization onto carbon and (ii) electrodeposition of an intermediate chitosan layer prior to urease immobilization. This flexible sensor is tested for quantitative urea detection down to 10−4 M concentrations, while a qualitative, color-indicative test is performed on a folded sensor placed inside a tube to demonstrate its compatibility with catheters. Laser carbon is suitable for a variety of other flexible electronics and sensors, can be conveniently integrated with an external circuitry, heating elements, and with other microfabrication techniques such as fluidic platforms

Design analysis and modelling of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using CAD

1081-1090In the underwater world, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is created to assist in underwater research. This project presents a design analysis and modelling of AUV using computer aided design (CAD) simulation software, SolidWorks. The scope of this project divided into two parts: (a) AUV design and (b) analysis of battery enclosure stress and strain simulation and flow simulation of 3-blade propeller T100 thrusters. The AUV was designed part by part first and then the assembly of all the parts is carried out. In the simulation stress and fluids were applied on the enclosure box and a thruster, respectively, to observe the reaction of the parts as the frame and pressure hull from Blue ROV design. The result of the stress simulation shows that the enclosure box is very durable and can withstand up to 718.10 Pascal equivalents to 73.2 meter underwater depth. Furthermore, the outcome of flow simulation by using SolidWorks has shown that the maximum velocity of thruster flow is 4.939 m/s, while the acceleration of 5.655 m/s2 of the AUV is calculated by using thrust force and mass of the AUV