Supplerande kartlegging av biologisk mangfald i jordbrukets kulturlandskap i Sogn og Fjordane : registrering for kommunane Flora, Førde, Gloppen, Eid og Stryn

Rapporten presenterer artsregistreringar på 23 kulturlandskapområde i 5 kommunar i Sogn og Fjordane. Føremålet med registreringa er å analysere dei ulike urte- og beitesamfunn og utarbeide ei så komplett artsliste som mogeleg for dei ulike lokalitetane

Rett i søpla : Rettslig analyse av en returordning for elektrisk og elektronisk avfall basert på prinsippet om utvidet produsentansvar

Oppgaven er en rettslig analyse av returordningen for elektrisk og elektronisk avfall, med særlig fokus på klargjøring av innholdet i pliktene til innsamling og behandling av avfallet

Report from the Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Project in Central Asia (TEMP-CA). Establishment of monitoring reference area in Besh-Tash, Talas oblast, the Kyrgyz Republic, 2006. TEMP-CA monitoring site No.4

The collapse of the Soviet Union in the Central Asian countries has led to enormous challenges for them in ensuring a sustainable environment. Weak economies and lack of expertise in environmental sciences were important reasons for the Norwegian support to the environmental sector in this region. The State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Norwegian Forestry Group initiated the TEMP project, later renamed TEMP-CA, in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2004. Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan were included in 2007 and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2008. The forestry sectors in the Kyrgyz Republic and neighbouring countries in Central Asia, surrounding the Fergana Valley, are closely linked to the environmental and emergency planning sectors. Overgrazing and overharvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in forest cover. The TEMP-CA project contributes to a better understanding of environmental problems and sustainable forestry in Central Asia. The TEMP-CA project has promoted institutional co-operation between Norway and the Central Asian countries as well as between different institutions both within and between the countries of Central Asia. Increased expertise for scientists, fieldworkers, laboratory staff and staff in different forest departments as well as institutional development in general are important outputs from the TEMP-CA project. […]publishedVersio

Report from the Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Project in Central Asia (TEMP-CA). Establishment of monitoring reference area in Sary-Chelek, Jalal-Abad oblast, the Kyrgyz Republic, 2007. TEMP-CA monitoring site No.5

The collapse of the Soviet Union in the Central Asian countries has led to enormous challenges for them in ensuring a sustainable environment. Weak economies and lack of expertise in environmental sciences were important reasons for the Norwegian support to the environmental sector in this region. The State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Norwegian Forestry Group initiated the TEMP project, later renamed TEMP-CA, in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2004. Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan were included in 2007 and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2008. The forestry sectors in the Kyrgyz Republic and neighbouring countries in Central Asia, surrounding the Fergana Valley, are closely linked to the environmental and emergency planning sectors. Overgrazing and overharvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in forest cover. The TEMP-CA project contributes to a better understanding of environmental problems and sustainable forestry in Central Asia.The TEMP-CA project has promoted institutional co-operation between Norway and the Central Asian countries as well as between different institutions both within and between the countries of Central Asia. Increased expertise for scientists, fieldworkers, laboratory staff and staff in different forest departments as well as institutional development in general are important outputs from the TEMP-CA project.publishedVersio

Report from the Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Project in Central Asia (TEMP-CA). Establishment of monitoring reference area in Urumbash, Jalal-Abad oblast, the Kyrgyz Republic, 2009. TEMP-CA monitoring site No.9

The collapse of the Soviet Union in the Central Asian countries has led to enormous challenges for them in ensuring a sustainable environment. Weak economies and lack of expertise in environmental sciences were important reasons for the Norwegian support to the environmental sector in this region. The State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Norwegian Forestry Group initiated the TEMP project, later renamed TEMP-CA, in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2004. Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan were included in 2007 and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2008. The forestry sectors in the Kyrgyz Republic and neighbouring countries in Central Asia, surrounding the Fergana Valley, are closely linked to the environmental and emergency planning sectors. Overgrazing and overharvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in forest cover. The TEMP-CA project contributes to a better understanding of environmental problems and sustainable forestry in Central Asia. The TEMP-CA project has promoted institutional co-operation between Norway and the Central Asian countries as well as between different institutions both within and between the countries of Central Asia. Increased expertise for scientists, fieldworkers, laboratory staff and staff in different forest departments as well as institutional development in general are important outputs from the TEMP-CA project. [...]publishedVersio

Short-term effects of hardened wood ash and nitrogen fertilisation on understory vegetation in a Norway spruce forest in south-east Norway

In a fertiliser experiment in a Norway spruce forest in SE Norway, four treatments were applied in a block design with three replicates per treatment. Treatments included 3 t wood ash ha−1 (Ash), 150 kg nitrogen ha−1 (N), wood ash and nitrogen combined (Ash + N), and unfertilised control (Ctrl). Treatment effects on understory plant species numbers, single abundances of species and (summarised) cover of main species groups were studied. Two years after treatment there were no significant changes for species numbers or abundances of woody species, dwarf shrubs or pteridophytes, nor for Sphagnum spp. in the bottom layer. The cover of graminoids decreased in Ctrl plots. Herb cover increased significantly in Ash + N and N plots due to the increase of Melampyrum sylvaticum. In Ash + N plots, mosses decreased significantly in species number, while their cover increased. Moss cover also decreased significantly in N plots. The species number and cover of hepatics decreased significantly in Ash and Ash + N plots. Hepatics cover also decreased in Ctrl plots. Both the lichen number and cover decreased in Ash + N plots. Single species abundances decreased for many bryophytes in fertilised plots. To conclude, fertilisation had modest effects on vascular plants, while bryophytes were more strongly affected, especially by Ash + N.acceptedVersio

Report from the Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Project in Central Asia (TEMP-CA). Establishment of monitoring reference area in Navobod, Sogdi oblast, the Republic of Tadjikistan, 2007. TEMP-CA monitoring site No.6

The collapse of the Soviet Union in the Central Asian countries has led to enormous challenges for them in ensuring a sustainable environment. Weak economies and lack of expertise in environmental sciences were important reasons for the Norwegian support to the environmental sector in this region. The State Forest Service of the Kyrgyz Republic and the Norwegian Forestry Group initiated the TEMP project, later renamed TEMP-CA, in the Kyrgyz Republic in 2004. Activities in the Republic of Tajikistan were included in 2007 and in the Republic of Uzbekistan from 2008. The forestry sectors in the Republic of Tajikistan and neighbouring countries in Central Asia, surrounding the Fergana Valley, are closely linked to the environmental and emergency planning sectors. Overgrazing and overharvesting have contributed to a dramatic decline in forest cover. The TEMP-CA project contributes to a better understanding of environmental problems and sustainable forestry in Central Asia. The TEMP-CA project has promoted institutional co-operation between Norway and the Central Asian countries as well as between different institutions both within and between the countries of Central Asia. Increased expertise for scientists, fieldworkers, laboratory staff and staff in different forest departments as well as institutional development in general are important outputs from the TEMP-CA project.publishedVersio

Laeverin Protein Expression in Normal and Preeclamptic Placentas using Tissue Microarray Analysis

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Nystad, M., Sitras, V.S., Nordbakken, C., Pedersen, M.I. & Acharya, G. (2018). Laeverin Protein Expression in Normal and Preeclamptic Placentas using Tissue Microarray Analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(5), 536-544, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13304. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.Introduction - Laeverin is a placenta‐specific protein that is normally expressed in the plasma membrane of human trophoblasts. In previous studies, we showed higher expression levels of laeverin gene in preeclamptic compared with normal placentas and found that laeverin protein was ectopically expressed in the cytoplasm of the preeclamptic placentas. Our objective was to investigate laeverin protein expression in normal and preeclamptic placentas combining immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Material and methods - Tissue microarray analysis of 72 placentas, obtained from 33 preeclamptic and 39 uncomplicated pregnancies, was performed. Laeverin was labeled with a specific antibody for immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence studies. Results - Immunohistochemistry showed that laeverin was expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts in all placentas examined. In preeclamptic placentas (n = 33) compared with normal placentas (n = 39), laeverin was expressed in the cell membrane in 21 (64%) vs. 21 (54%) samples (p = 0.726), in the cytoplasm in 3 (9%) vs. 2 (5%) samples (p = 0.795) and in both the cytoplasm and membrane in 9 (27%) vs. 16 (41%) samples (p = 0.0522). All placental samples that showed cytoplasmic expression of laeverin were obtained from women who delivered before 34 weeks of gestation (early‐onset preeclampsia). Further, immunofluorescence studies showed laeverin expression in the cytoplasm of six preeclamptic (three early‐onset and three late‐onset) and one normal placenta but did not reveal any simultaneous cell membrane and cytoplasmic expression of laeverin. Conclusion - Laeverin is expressed in all trophoblast cell types of normal and preeclamptic placentas. Expression pattern of laeverin in trophoblast cells is heterogeneous and not necessarily membrane‐bound

Shift in tree species changes the belowground biota of boreal forests

The replacement of native birch with Norway spruce has been initiated in Norway to increase long-term carbon storage in forests. However, there is limited knowledge on the impacts that aboveground changes will have on the belowground microbiota. We examined which effects a tree species shift from birch to spruce stands has on belowground microbial communities, soil fungal biomass and relationships with vegetation biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC). Replacement of birch with spruce negatively influenced soil bacterial and fungal richness and strongly altered microbial community composition in the forest floor layer, most strikingly for fungi. Tree species-mediated variation in soil properties was a major factor explaining variation in bacterial communities. For fungi, both soil chemistry and understorey vegetation were important community structuring factors, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi. The relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the ectomycorrhizal : saprotrophic fungal ratio were higher in spruce compared to birch stands, particularly in the deeper mineral soil layers, and vice versa for saprotrophs. The positive relationship between ergosterol (fungal biomass) and SOC stock in the forest floor layer suggests higher carbon sequestration potential in spruce forest soil, alternatively, that the larger carbon stock leads to an increase in soil fungal biomass.publishedVersio

Effekter av gjødsling med nitrogen og aske i et rikt granbestand på Østlandet

I norsk skog på mineraljord er det stort sett nitrogen (N) som gir positivt utslag på trærnes vekst. Men også andre næringsstoffer kan i visse tilfeller øke veksten, blant annet i bestand på høy bonitet. Treaske inneholder både fosfor og kalium i tillegg til andre næringsstoffer, og har en kalkvirkning. Asken kan derfor være en bærekraftig gjødselressurs. I 2012 ble det anlagt et forsøk i Hobøl, Viken, hvor en rik granskog ble gjødslet med N (15 kg per daa), treaske (300 kg per daa) og en kombinasjon. Vi studerte effektene på trær, vegetasjon og jordsmonn. Humuskjemien ble undersøkt før behandling og to år etter, og jordvannkjemien under vekstsesongen i samme periode. Trærnes tilvekst ble undersøkt etter fem og ti år, og effekter på vegetasjonen etter to og ni. Ren N-gjødsling ga en viss effekt på trærnes tilvekst. Etter ti år var det ikke lenger økt årringvekst etter N-gjødsling. Derimot var effekten av å tilføre aske sammen med N god. Effekten av ren aske var liten i starten, men stigende gjennom perioden. Resultatene bekrefter at asketilførsel på fastmark kan gi positive tilveksteffekter på felt med god bonitet, men særlig i kombinasjon med N. To år etter gjødsling fant vi små effekter på mangfold av karplanter, men redusert mangfold av moser og lav. Antall og dekning av urter hadde økt i alle gjødslingsbehandlingene etter ni år, mens artsmangfold av bladmoser og levermoser var ytterligere redusert. Dekningen av blåbær og store moser som etasjemose og furumose økte i alle behandlinger, og antyder at andre faktorer enn gjødslingen også bidro. Det ble ikke funnet signifikante effekter av å tilføre aske eller aske + N på karbon- eller N-innholdet i humusen. Plantetilgjengelig konsentrasjon av flere andre stoffer som aluminium, kobolt, jern, nikkel, bly og sink gikk ned etter asketilførsel. Jordvannet viste kortvarige økninger av nitrat, ammonium og ulike grunnstoffer, samt lavere pH, etter tilførsel av N. Askegjødsling ga ikke effekter på jordvannkjemien.Effekter av gjødsling med nitrogen og aske i et rikt granbestand på ØstlandetpublishedVersio