Nanopartículas Poliméricas en Dermocosmética

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.Recent advances in the fields of biomaterials and nanotechnology have allowed the development of advanced nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Despite a vast number of nanostructures such as liposomes, solid­lipid nanocapsules, polymeric and hybrid lipid­polymer nanoparticles have been studied as carriers for drug delivery for different pathologies with remarkable promising results; the use of polymeric nanoparticles in dermocosmetic still has not been widely explored. The evolution of cosmetic into the care skin and dermatology represents novel technological challenges. Also, the increasing knowledge about normal skin physiology and advances in nanotechnology provide an attractive environment for the creation of innovative dermocosmetic formulations. In this work, we discuss the state of the art of polymeric nanoparticles formulated for dermocosmetics, its mechanisms of action, and diffusion into the skin.Los recientes avances en el campo de los biomateriales y la nanotecnología han permitido el desarrollo de nanopartículas avanzadas para aplicaciones biomédicas. A pesar de que un gran número de nanoestructuras tales como liposomas, nanocápsulas lípido-sólidas, nanopartículas poliméricas y lípido-polímero híbridas han sido estudiadas como vehículos para la administración de fármacos en diferentes patologías con notables resultados prometedores, el uso de nanopartículas poliméricas en dermocosmética todavía no ha sido ampliamente explorado. La evolución de la cosmética en el cuidado de la piel y la dermatología nos enfrentan a nuevos retos tecnológicos. Además, el aumento de los conocimientos sobre la fisiología de la piel normal y los avances en la nanotecnología proporcionan un entorno atractivo para la creación de formulaciones dermocosméticas innovadoras. En este trabajo se discute el estado del arte de las nanopartículas poliméricas desarrolladas para dermocosmética, sus mecanismos de acción y la difusión en la piel.http://ref.scielo.org/b68hz

¿Las capacidades psicosociales de mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja explican su impacto psicosocial?. Cuatro modelos predictivos

47 p.El objetivo de esta investigación es explicar el impacto psicosocial de la violencia perpetrada por la pareja en 166 mujeres usuarias de un programa de atención de la Región del Maule, Chile. Para ello, se elabora un indicador de capacidades psicosociales que sintetiza los niveles de autoestima, decisión, autonomía y aislamiento, y se diseñan dos modelos estructurales, CB-SEM y PLS-SEM, que explican las capacidades psicosociales y el riesgo observado, para posteriormente integrarlos en un modelo de impacto psicosocial, como variable latente explicada por las capacidades psicosociales. El modelo obtuvo un ajuste adecuado (CMIN/DF=1.113; RMSEA=.026; NFI=.958; CFI=.995; PNFI=.445; SMC=.354) y muestra que el impacto psicosocial es explicado en un 35% por las capacidades psicosociales. Estos resultados concuerdan con hallazgos anteriores, se discute la pertinencia de incorporar variables de salud mental para futuras investigaciones y se plantea la necesidad de incorporar el impacto psicosocial, como concepto unificador de los múltiples efectos de la violencia. Finalmente, se entrega una escala de medición de capacidades psicosociales e impacto psicosocial. Palabras clave: violencia de pareja, capacidades psicosociales, impacto psicosocial, análisis factorial, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, mínimos cuadrados parciales./ABSTRACT:The objective of this research is to explain the psychosocial impact by the intimate partner violence in 166 women who are part of a care program from the Maule Region. As previously stated, an indicator is elaborated based on psychosocial skills that synthesizes self-esteem, decision, autonomy and isolation, then two structural models, CB-SEM and PLS-SEM, are created which explain the psychosocial skills and the observed risk, to be subsequently integrated into a model of psychosocial impact as latent variable explained by the psychosocial skills. The model obtain an adequate adjust (CMIN/DF=1.113; RMSEA=.026; NFI=.958; CFI=.995; PNFI=.445; SMC=.354) and it shows that the psychosocial impact is explained in a 35% by the psychosocial skills. These results are consistent with previous findings, discussing the relevance of incorporating mental health variables for future research, and proposes the requirement of integrating the psychosocial impact as a unifying concept of the multiple effects from the violence. Finally, a measuring scale of psychosocial skills and psychosocial impact is delivered. Keywords: intimate partner violence, psychosocial skills, psychosocial impact, factor analysis, structural equation models, partial least square

Core stories of physicians on a Swiss internal medicine ward during the first COVID-19 wave: a qualitative exploration.

The first COVID-19 wave (2020), W1, will remain extraordinary due to its novelty and the uncertainty on how to handle the pandemic. To understand what physicians went through, we collected narratives of frontline physicians working in a Swiss university hospital during W1. Physicians in the Division of Internal Medicine of Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) were invited to send anonymous narratives to an online platform, between 28 April and 30 June 2020. The analysed material consisted of 13 written texts and one audio record. They were examined by means of a narrative analysis based on a holistic content approach, attempting to identify narrative highlights, referred to as foci, in the texts. Five main foci were identified: danger and threats, acquisition of knowledge and practices, adaptation to a changing context, commitment to the profession, and sense of belonging to the medical staff. In physicians' narratives, danger designated a variety of rather negative feelings and emotions, whereas threats were experienced as being dangerous for others, but also for oneself. The acquisition of knowledge and practices focus referred to the different types of acquisition that took place during W1. The narratives that focused on adaptation reflected how physicians coped with W1 and private or professional upheavals. COVID-19 W1 contributed to revealing a natural commitment (or not) of physicians towards the profession and patients, accompanied by the concern of offering the best possible care to all. Lastly, sense of belonging referred to the team and its reconfiguration during W1. Our study deepens the understanding of how physicians experienced the pandemic both in their professional and personal settings. It offers insights into how they prepared and reacted to a pandemic. The foci reflect topics that are inherent to a physician's profession, whatever the context. During a pandemic, these foundational elements are particularly challenged. Strikingly, these topics are not studied in medical school, thus raising the general question of how students are prepared for the medical profession

StAR: a simple tool for the statistical comparison of ROC curves

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As in many different areas of science and technology, most important problems in bioinformatics rely on the proper development and assessment of binary classifiers. A generalized assessment of the performance of binary classifiers is typically carried out through the analysis of their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) constitutes a popular indicator of the performance of a binary classifier. However, the assessment of the statistical significance of the difference between any two classifiers based on this measure is not a straightforward task, since not many freely available tools exist. Most existing software is either not free, difficult to use or not easy to automate when a comparative assessment of the performance of many binary classifiers is intended. This constitutes the typical scenario for the optimization of parameters when developing new classifiers and also for their performance validation through the comparison to previous art.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this work we describe and release new software to assess the statistical significance of the observed difference between the AUCs of any two classifiers for a common task estimated from paired data or unpaired balanced data. The software is able to perform a pairwise comparison of many classifiers in a single run, without requiring any expert or advanced knowledge to use it. The software relies on a non-parametric test for the difference of the AUCs that accounts for the correlation of the ROC curves. The results are displayed graphically and can be easily customized by the user. A human-readable report is generated and the complete data resulting from the analysis are also available for download, which can be used for further analysis with other software. The software is released as a web server that can be used in any client platform and also as a standalone application for the Linux operating system.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A new software for the statistical comparison of ROC curves is released here as a web server and also as standalone software for the LINUX operating system.</p

A physically motivated analytical expression for the temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

The temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) between the $|m_{s}=0\rangle$ and $|m_{s}=\pm 1\rangle$ levels of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center's electronic ground-state spin triplet can be used as a robust nanoscale thermometer in a broad range of environments. However, despite numerous measurements of this dependence in different temperature ranges, to our knowledge no analytical expression has been put forward that captures the scaling of the ZFS of the NV center across all relevant temperatures. Here we present a simple, analytical, and physically motivated expression for the temperature dependence of the NV center's ZFS that matches all experimental observations, in which the ZFS shifts in proportion to the occupation numbers of two representative phonon modes. In contrast to prior models our expression does not diverge outside the regions of fitting. We show that our model quantitatively matches experimental measurements of the ZFS from 15 to 500 K in single NV centers in ultra-pure bulk diamond, and we compare our model and measurements to prior models and experimental data.Comment: Main text: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 44 references. Supplemental Material: 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 23 reference

Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid metabolism in juvenile Atlantic Salmon as affected by water temperature

Salmons raised in aquaculture farms around the world are increasingly subjected to sub-optimal environmental conditions, such as high water temperatures during summer seasons. Aerobic scope increases and lipid metabolism changes are known plasticity responses of fish for a better acclimation to high water temperature. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of high water temperature on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in juvenile Atlantic salmon fed different dietary ARA/EPA ratios (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6/ eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), with particular focus on apparent in vivo enzyme activities and gene expression of lipid metabolism pathways. Three experimental diets were formulated to be identical, except for the ratio EPA/ARA, and fed to triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kept either at 10&deg;C or 20&deg;C. Results showed that fatty acid metabolic utilisation, and likely also their dietary requirements for optimal performance, can be affected by changes in their relative levels and by environmental temperature in Atlantic salmon. Thus, the increase in temperature, independently from dietary treatment, had a significant effect on the &beta;-oxidation of a fatty acid including EPA, as observed by the apparent in vivo enzyme activity and mRNA expression of ppar&alpha; -transcription factor in lipid metabolism, including &beta;-oxidation genes- and cpt1 -key enzyme responsible for the movement of LC-PUFA from the cytosol into the mitochondria for &beta;-oxidation-, were both increased at the higher water temperature. An interesting interaction was observed in the transcription and in vivo enzyme activity of &Delta;5fad-time-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of EPA and ARA. Such, at lower temperature, the highest mRNA expression and enzyme activity was recorded in fish with limited supply of dietary EPA, whereas at higher temperature these were recorded in fish with limited ARA supply. In consideration that fish at higher water temperature recorded a significantly increased feed intake, these results clearly suggested that at high, sub-optimal water temperature, fish metabolism attempted to increment its overall ARA status -the most bioactive LC-PUFA participating in the inflammatory response- by modulating the metabolic fate of dietary ARA (expressed as % of net intake), reducing its &beta;-oxidation and favouring synthesis and deposition. This correlates also with results from other recent studies showing that both immune- and stress- responses in fish are up regulated in fish held at high temperatures. This is a novel and fundamental information that warrants industry and scientific attention, in consideration of the imminent increase in water temperatures, continuous expansion of aquaculture operations, resources utilisation in aquafeed and much needed seasonal/adaptive nutritional strategies