Assessment of the efficacy of CBCT referral forms at Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia

Introduction: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained interest for improving diagnosis, treatment planning and facilitating better patient’s management in various dental fields. This study is part of the quality assurance programme in Dental Faculty, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). This center offers dental radiography service not only for internal clinics but also act as a referral center for the eastern areas, Pahang, Malaysia. Aims: The aims of this study were; 1) to assess referral pattern for CBCT scans at the Dental Faculty, IIUM, Kuantan, and 2) to evaluate the completeness of the current referral form used by clinicians (for both internal and external referrals). Methods: An audit looking at both the external and internal referral CBCT forms of a four year period of examination (2010-2013) at the Radiology Unit, Dental Faculty, IIUM. Source of referrals, indications for CBCT and the referral forms were examined and analysed. Results: Total CBCT scans taken within the four-year period were 171, in which 96 were referred from internal sources whilst 75 were external referrals. External referrals were mainly from Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic clinics (59%), while other referrals were from implant clinic (20%), Paediatrics and Special Needs clinic (15%), Oral MaxilloFacial Surgery clinic (4%) and Periodontic clinic (1%) and Oral Medicine Oral Pathology (OMOP) clinics (1%). All forms from external sources are completely filled. In the Internal referral form, 41% of them came with no indication of why CBCT need to be taken. Out of 59% of cases with indications, 33% came from Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic department, followed by Oral Surgery department (10%). Implant treatment planning accounted for 7% of cases, Periodontics 4%, Temporo-Mandibular Joint assessment 2% and 1% for Conservative dentistry and Prosthodontic cases respectively and 1% cleft cases. Further analysis of the internal referral forms revealed that only 14% of the forms were filled with complete patients’ details, 40% specified pregnancy status and 67% clearly stated patients’ medical status. Area of interest was not specified in 69% of cases and clinicians’ names were not stated in 94% of the cases. Majority of the forms were completed with clinicians’ signature (99%) and also radiographers’ details (97%). Conclusions: This study indicated that the majority of IIUM CBCT referrals were from internal sources. However, most of the referral forms were not completely filled. The internal form used, therefore, need to be improved and a much firmer referral framework should be in place

Orthodontic management of an erupted mesiodens: a case report

Introduction: Hyperdontia is the condition of having supernumerary tooth, or teeth, which appear in addition to the regular number of teeth. It is a developmental anomaly and has been argued to arise from multiple aetiologies. It may remain embedded in the alveolar bone or can erupt into the oral cavity. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the anterior maxilla, placed palatally or in between the maxillary central incisors. It may be single or paired, erupted or impacted and at times even inverted. Aesthetic or functional problems are two main issues associated with mesiodens.This case report demonstrates the orthodontic management of a case of a nonsyndromic male patient with conical type supernumerary tooth at the maxillary anterior region with a Class I malocclusion complicated by palatally erupted upper right lateral tooth with Bolton discrepancy. Good aesthetic and functional result achieved at the end of treatment

Class I in a nutshell: Malaysian Association of orthodontists postgraduate study day

Dental malocclusions are classified based on the molar position and incisor relationships. In a nutshell, Class I malocclusion would mean that the molars and the incisors are in correct position but there are some other discrepancies presented such as crowding, spacing, tooth impaction, crossbite etc. This brief lecture will give an overview of Class I malocclusion with a few examples of cases and its clinical management

Orthodontics and you: patient information booklet

Orthodontic treatment is becoming increasingly popular. Having straight teeth, and a nice smile, is seen as one of the key to a better quality of life. We found that patients seeking orthodontic treatment normally do not have a thorough understanding of the process. They only picture the result at the end of treatment, but are unaware of the hard work involved in getting there, and also the hard work possibly needed to maintain the improvement achieved. This booklet was produced with this in mind, with the aim to provide education and exposure to those interested in having orthodontic treatment, of the necessities before, during and after treatment. Apart from the potential benefits, patients need to be aware of the effort required and the risks involved. We hope that those reading this booklet will find the information useful. We hope that those considering having treatment will be able to make a wise decision on whether orthodontic treatment is really what’s best for you. We also hope that those who are undergoing treatment will also know what is necessary on your part. This is all in the sincere wish for the best, for everyone. May this book benefits all

Ortodontik dan anda: buku maklumat pesakit

Rawatan ortodontik kini semakin popular. Gigi yang teratur dan senyuman yang manis dilihat sebagai salah satu daripada kunci ke arah mencapai kualiti hidup yang lebih baik. Kami mendapati pesakit-pesakit umumnya tidak begitu memahami proses rawatan ortodontik. Pesakit lazimnya hanya mempunyai gambaran hasil akhir rawatan, tetapi tidak menyedari akan langkah-langkah yang mesti dilalui semasa rawatan dan juga komitmen yang di perlukan untuk mendapat keputusan rawatan yang baik dan mengekalkan keputusan akhir rawatan yang di perolehi. Buku ini dihasilkan dengan tujuan utama untuk memberi pendidikan dan pendedahan kepada sesiapa yang menginginkan rawatan ortodontik. Fokus lain adalah untuk memaklumkan perkara-perkara yang perlu diketahui pesakit sebelum, semasa dan selepas rawatan. Kami juga berusaha untuk menerangkan mengenai faedah dan risiko rawatan, juga usaha dan komitmen yang diperlukan bagi mendapatkan hasil rawatan yang diidamkan. Kami berharap buku ini akan memberi manfaat kepada pembaca. Bagi mereka yang sedang berfikir atau merancang untuk menjalani rawatan, kami berharap setelah mengetahui segala fakta dan maklumat dari buku ini, anda akan dapat membuat keputusan yang bijak dan terbaik untuk kepentingan anda. Bagi pesakit yang sedang menerima rawatan pula, kami berharap anda mengetahui komitmen yang diperlukan daripada pihak anda. Semoga buku ini membawa kebaikan bagi semua

Comparison among parents of special needs and healthy children on their motivation and expectations of their child's proposed orthodontic treatment: a pilot study

The purpose of this study was to compare parents’ motivations and expectations of special needs and healthy children on proposed orthodontic treatment. Questionnaires relating to pre-orthodontic treatment motivation and expectation were distributed to the parents of 21 special needs children (mean age = 11.76 ± 2.19) and mothers of 25 medically healthy children (mean age = 10.84 ± 1.21) from Sekolah Kebangsaan Indera Shahbandar (SKIS) in Pekan district, Pahang state of Malaysia. All children lived at home with their parents. Majority believed their child did not need orthodontic treatment (66.7% special needs; 68% healthy children) and that their child did not understand the purpose of treatment (61.9% special needs; 52% healthy children). 57.1% of parents were not prepared to help their special needs child with the orthodontic appliances care. Improving dental health was perceived as the main motivation for parents to seek orthodontic treatment for their child (81% special needs; 88% healthy children) besides enhancing aesthetic. 66.7% of parents expected that treatment could improve their special needs child’s quality of life, with 76.2% expected treatment may improve their child’s function in society, and 71.4% believed this would reflect positively on the parents’ own social acceptance. The result from this survey could provide insight for orthodontists on the potential uptake of orthodontic treatment by parents of special needs children and their expectations of the outcome of treatment

Comparison among parents of special needs and healthy children on their motivation and expectations of their child's proposed orthodontic treatment: A pilot study

Background: Special needs children present with challenging malocclusions that may not only affect their facial aesthetics, but also masticatory and speech function. There is an increasing awareness of malocclusion among special needs children and their parents. To date, there was no study comparing the motivations and expectations between parents of special needs and healthy children on the proposed orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To compare parents’ motivations and expectations of special needs and healthy children on proposed orthodontic treatment. Methods: Questionnaires relating to pre-orthodontic treatment motivation and expectation were distributed to the mothers of 21 special needs children (mean age = 11.76 ± 2.19) and 25 medically healthy children (mean age = 10.84 ± 1.21) from Sekolah Kebangsaan Indera Shahbandar (SKIS) in Pekan district, Pahang state of Malaysia. Results: All children lived at home with their parents. Majority believed their child did not need orthodontic treatment (66.7% special needs; 68% healthy children) and that their child did not understand the purpose of treatment (61.9% special needs; 52% healthy children). 57.1% of parents were not prepared to help their special needs child with the orthodontic appliances care. Improving dental health was perceived as the main motivation for parents to seek orthodontic treatment for their child (81% special needs; 88% healthy children) besides enhancing aesthetic. 66.7% of parents expected that treatment could improve their special needs child’s quality of life, with 76.2% expected treatment may improve their child’s function in society, and 71.4% believed this would reflect positively on the parents’ own social acceptance. Conclusion: Although both groups of parents have low motivation for the uptake of orthodontic treatment for their children, majority of them have high expectations that orthodontic treatment would improve the child’s quality of life and their own social acceptance

The Measurement of Islamic Unit Trust Investment Decision in Malaysia: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

The objective of this study is to develop the constructs in Islamic Unit Trust Investment Decision (IUTID) and examine its determinants. The determinants of Islamic Unit Trust Investment Decision are Islamic Financial Literacy (IFL), Information Sources (IS), Investment Risk (IR), Religiosity (RE) and Product Knowledge (PK). The measurement developed is based on the literature review and has been validated by the construct's experts, and among Islamic Unit Trust Investors. The validity and reliability test have tested to all the constructs. The data have been analyzing using SPSS. Results of the analysis show that Islamic unit trust investment decision can be measured using ten (10) items of investment selection criteria. The others determinants such as Islamic financial literacy construct consists of seven (7) items, information sources construct consists of ten (10) items, investment risk consists of eight (8) items, religiosity consists of eight (8) items and product knowledge consists of seven (7) items. The variance of the construct shows that information sources have the highest variance followed by investment risk, Islamic financial literacy, religiosity and product knowledge. These instruments can be used by unit trust companies, the authorities of Islamic unit trust (FIMM, SC, BNM) and other banking's product to understand the behavior of their clients and later, can implement it to the expected new customers

Laparoscopic detorsion of gangrenous adnexae followed by interval cystectomy: case report and review of the literature

A 15 year old girl presented with a 1-day history of acute abdomen. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a left adnexal cyst measuring 8x7 cm. Laparoscopic examination demonstrated an 8 cm left gangrenous adnexal torsion. After detorsion of the left adnexae, the left fallopian tube appeared to be viable however the left ovary remained the same. Postoperative period was uneventful and serial ultrasound showed persistence of the cyst. The left ovary appeared to be completely viable through a repeat laparoscopic examination 6 weeks later and interval left cystectomy was performed. A twisted gangrenous adnexae could be managed by adnexal sparing surgery successfully

Genetics of malocclusion: a review

Malocclusion is one of the most common craniofacial problems observed worldwide. Affected individuals suffer not only from aesthetic concerns but also from functional problems, such as with mastication and pronunciation. The prevalence of malocclusion in East Asians is higher than in other races. Reports have shown besides environmental factors, there is association between certain types of malocclusion with specific genes. Positive association of mandibular prognathism has been implicated to genes such as Matrilin-1; while mutation in DUSP6 has also been shown to contribute to the incidence of malocclusion. This review aimed to briefly discuss the involvement of other additional genes such as MYO1H and PAX9 in the incidence of malocclusion as observed from our local institution