Економіко-правове забезпечення формування та реалізації соціальної політики держави, регіону, міста

У статті визначено потребу послідовного правового забезпечення формування та реалізації соціальної політики в багаторівневій системі управління. Обґрунтовано зміст та особливості соціальної політики залежно від рівня управління. Сформульовано пропозиції з удосконалення соціальної політики держави та її регіонів, виконано їх правову регламентацію

Проблеми оцінки якості індустріального розвитку соціально-економічної системи України

Розглянуті особливості процесу системної трансформації індустріального базису соціально-економічної системи України в умовах соціальної поляризації світового суспільства. Доведено існування дихотомії типу базису економіки України: індустріального в межах національної підсистеми та доіндустріального в межах світової соціально-економічної системи. Ключові слова: трансформація, система, промисловість, якість.Рассмотрены особенности процесса системной трансформации индустриального базиса социально-экономической системы Украины в условиях социальной поляризации мирового сообщества. Доказано существование дихотомии базиса экономики Украины: индустриального в рамках национальной подсистемы и доиндустриальной в рамках мировой социально-экономической системы. Ключевые слова: трансформация, система, промышленность, качество.Features of process of system transformation of industrial basis of social and economic system of Ukraine in the conditions of social polarisation of the world community are considered. Existence of a dichotomy of basis of economy of Ukraine is proved: industrial within the limits of a national subsystem and befor industrial in frames of world social and economic system. Key words: transformation, system, industry, quality

Immune stimuli shape the small non-coding transcriptome of extracellular vesicles released by dendritic cells

Molecular Technology and Informatics for Personalised Medicine and Healt

Immune stimuli shape the small non-coding transcriptome of extracellular vesicles released by dendritic cells

Molecular Technology and Informatics for Personalised Medicine and Healt

Natural T-cell ligands that are created by genetic variants can be transferred between cells by extracellular vesicles

Immunobiology of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy of hematological disease

Orally administered 5-aminolevulinic acid for isolation and characterization of circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma patients

Background: In glioblastoma (GB), tissue is required for accurate diagnosis and subtyping. Tissue can be obtained through resection or (stereotactic) biopsy, but these invasive procedures provide risks for patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, cell-derived vesicles that contain miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, and possible candidates for liquid biopsies. GB-derived EVs can be found in the blood of patients, but it is difficult to distinguish them from circulating non-tumor EVs. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is orally administered to GB patients to facilitate tumor visualization and maximal resection, as it is metabolized to fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) that accumulates in glioma cell

Deep sequencing of RNA from immune cell-derived vesicles uncovers the selective incorporation of small non-coding RNA biotypes with potential regulatory functions.

Cells release RNA-carrying vesicles and membrane-free RNA/protein complexes into the extracellular milieu. Horizontal vesicle-mediated transfer of such shuttle RNA between cells allows dissemination of genetically encoded messages, which may modify the function of target cells. Other studies used array analysis to establish the presence of microRNAs and mRNA in cell-derived vesicles from many sources. Here, we used an unbiased approach by deep sequencing of small RNA released by immune cells. We found a large variety of small non-coding RNA species representing pervasive transcripts or RNA cleavage products overlapping with protein coding regions, repeat sequences or structural RNAs. Many of these RNAs were enriched relative to cellular RNA, indicating that cells destine specific RNAs for extracellular release. Among the most abundant small RNAs in shuttle RNA were sequences derived from vault RNA, Y-RNA and specific tRNAs. Many of the highly abundant small non-coding transcripts in shuttle RNA are evolutionary well-conserved and have previously been associated to gene regulatory functions. These findings allude to a wider range of biological effects that could be mediated by shuttle RNA than previously expected. Moreover, the data present leads for unraveling how cells modify the function of other cells via transfer of specific non-coding RNA species

Fluorescent labeling of nano-sized vesicles released by cells and subsequent quantitative and qualitative analysis by high-resolution flow cytometry.

We provide a protocol for a high-resolution flow cytometry–based method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of individual nano-sized vesicles released by cells, as developed and previously described by our group. The method involves (i) bright fluorescent labeling of cell-derived vesicles and (ii) flow cytometric analysis of these vesicles using an optimized configuration of the commercially available BD Influx flow cytometer. The method allows the detection and analysis of fluorescent cell-derived vesicles of ~100 nm. Integrated information can be obtained regarding the light scattering, quantity, buoyant density and surface proteins of these nano-sized vesicles. This method can be applied in nanobiology to study basic aspects of cell-derived vesicles. Potential clinical applications include the detailed analysis of vesicle-based biomarkers in body fluids and quality control analysis of (biological) vesicles used as therapeutic agents. Isolation, fluorescent labeling and purification of vesicles can be done within 24 h. Flow cytometer setup, calibration and subsequent data acquisition can be done within 2–4 h by an experienced flow cytometer operator

Optimized Protocol for the Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from the Parasitic Worm Schistosoma mansoni with Improved Purity, Concentration, and Yield

In the past decade, the interest in helminth-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) increased owing to their role in pathogen-host communication. However, the availability of EVs from these parasitic worms is often limited due to the restricted occurrence and culturing possibilities of these organisms. Schistosoma mansoni is one of several helminths that have been shown to release EVs affecting the immune response of their host. Further investigation of mechanisms underlying these EV-induced effects warrants separation of EVs from other components of the helminth excretory/secretory products. However, isolation of high-purity EVs often come to the expense of reduced EV yield. We therefore aimed to develop an optimized protocol for isolation of EVs from S. mansoni schistosomula and adult worms with respect to purity, concentration, and yield. We tested the use of small (1.7 ml) iodixanol density gradients and demonstrated that this enabled western blot-based analysis of the EV marker protein tetraspanin-2 (TSP-2) in gradient fractions without additional concentration steps. Moreover, the concentration and yield of EVs obtained with small iodixanol gradients were higher compared to medium-sized (4.3 ml) or conventional large-sized (12 ml) gradients. Additionally, we provide evidence that iodixanol is preferred over sucrose as medium for the small density gradients, because EVs in iodixanol gradients reached equilibrium much faster (2 hours) and iodixanol but not sucrose was suitable for purification of schistosomula EVs. Finally, we demonstrate that the small iodixanol gradients were able to separate adult worm EVs from non-EV contaminants such as the blood digestion product hemozoin. Our optimized small iodixanol density gradient allows to simultaneously separate and concentrate EVs while reducing handling time and EV loss and can be applied for EVs from helminths and other limited EV sources.Host-parasite interactio