The Joker is wild

None provided

Media Sosial Sebagai Sarana Katakese Mahasiswa di Malang, Jawa Timur

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana penggunaan media sosial untuk kegiatan katekese oleh para mahasiswa di Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa sekolah tinggi agama di Malang, Jawa Timur sebanyak 61 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tertutup dengan menggunakan Google Form. Teknik analisis data menggunakan scoring, F prosen dan uji binomial. Pengolahan data menggunakan rumus scoring, memperoleh score rata-rata 1,72. Artinya dalam menggunakan media sosial sebagai sarana katekese, mahasiswa menjalankan keterlibatannya dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data menggunakan uji binomial diperoleh nilai z = 4,05. Jika dibandingkan dengan nilai tabel maka nilai tersebut lebih rendah dari taraf signifikan 0,05 artinya ada perbedaan antara keterlibatan mahasiswa yang satu dengan yang lain dalam menggunakan media sosial sebagai sarana katekese.AbstractThis research was conducted to reveal how the use of social media for catechesis activities by the students in Malang City, East Java. This research uses quantitative methods. Research subjects are students of religious high schools in Malang, East Java, as many as 61 people. Data collection using a closed questionnaire using Google Form. The data analysis technique used scoring, F percent and binomial test. Processing data using the scoring formula, obtaining an average score of 1.72. This means that in using social media as a means of catechesis, students carry out their involvement well. Based on the results of data processing using the binomial test, the value of z = 4.05 was obtained. When compared with the table value, this value is lower than the significant level of 0.05, meaning that there is a difference between the involvement of one student and another in using social media as a means of catechesi

Teologi Inkarnasi Sebagai Landasan Praksis Pembentukan Perilaku Sosial Masyarakat

The theology of the incarnation is the embodiment of God's highest love for man as the redeemer of man. The event of the incarnation became a very real sign of God's love in all human life that was in line with Him "Imago Dei". However, in the development of science and technology, the love of God manifested in the image of man who is similar to God is disrupted into a tool used for personal satisfaction that results in violence both physically and mentally. The purpose of the study, describes the meaning of the incarnation in relation to the praxis of the formation of social behavior of society. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a contextual approach. Results of the study; first, the theology of the incarnation is the definitive embodiment of God's love for man so that man as a social being is called to love others as the embodiment of His love. Second, in love, God forgives sinful people. The experience of God's infinite forgiveness, as a foundation for forgiving others including enemies. Third, love requires self-sacrifice to serve others who suffer because of life's problems. Followers of Christ are called out of themselves, bearing witness by serving in love. In conclusion, the Incarnation is the embodiment of God's love for the salvation of man. Love is the foundation of praxis for the formation of human behavior in people's lives. In that love, too, man is called to love, forgive and sacrifice himself for others in the image of God.AbstrakTeologi inkarnasi merupakan perwujudan kasih Allah yang tertinggi kepada manusia sebagai penebusan dosa manusia. Peristiwa inkarnasi menjadi tanda kasih Allah yang sangat nyata di dalam seluruh kehidupan manusia yang secitra dengan-Nya “Imago Dei”. Namun, dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, kasih Allah yang terwujud dalam gambaran manusia yang serupa dengan Allah mengalami disrupsi menjadi alat yang digunakan untuk kepuasan pribadi sehingga mengakibatkan kekerasan baik fisik maupun mental. Tujuan kajian, mendeskripsikan makna inkarnasi dalam hubungan dengan praksis pembentukan perilaku sosial masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kontekstual. Hasil kajian; pertama, teologi inkarnasi merupakan perwujudan kasih Allah yang definitif kepada manusia sehingga manusia sebagai makhluk sosial dipanggil untuk mengasihi sesama sebagai perwujudan kasih-Nya. Kedua, dalam kasih, Allah mengampuni manusia yang berdosa. Pengalaman akan pengampunan Allah yang tak terbatas, sebagai landasan untuk mengampuni sesama termasuk musuh. Ketiga, kasih menuntut pengorbanan diri untuk melayani sesama yang menderita karena persoalan hidup. Pengikut Kristus dipanggil keluar dari dirinya sendiri, memberi kesaksian dengan melayani dalam kasih. Kesimpulan, peristiwa inkarnasi merupakan perwujudan kasih Allah demi keselamatan manusia. Kasih itu menjadi landasan praksis pembentukan perilaku manusia dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Dalam kasih itu pula, manusia dipanggil untuk mengasihi, mengampuni dan mengorbankan diri bagi sesama sebagai citra Allah

Spatio-Temporal Low Count Processes with Application to Violent Crime Events

There is significant interest in being able to predict where crimes will happen, for example to aid in the efficient tasking of police and other protective measures. We aim to model both the temporal and spatial dependencies often exhibited by violent crimes in order to make such predictions. The temporal variation of crimes typically follows patterns familiar in time series analysis, but the spatial patterns are irregular and do not vary smoothly across the area. Instead we find that spatially disjoint regions exhibit correlated crime patterns. It is this indeterminate inter-region correlation structure along with the low-count, discrete nature of counts of serious crimes that motivates our proposed forecasting tool. In particular, we propose to model the crime counts in each region using an integer-valued first order autoregressive process. We take a Bayesian nonparametric approach to flexibly discover a clustering of these region-specific time series. We then describe how to account for covariates within this framework. Both approaches adjust for seasonality. We demonstrate our approach through an analysis of weekly reported violent crimes in Washington, D.C. between 2001-2008. Our forecasts outperform standard methods while additionally providing useful tools such as prediction intervals

THE EFFECT OF TRADE SECRECY ON THE DESIGN OF LOAN SYNDICATES AND CONTRACTS

I examine how proprietary information in the form of trade secrets affects lending syndicate composition and contracting. Trade secrets derive economic value from exclusivity, and as such impose information risks and exacerbate agency conflicts in debt contracting. Using the staggered adoption of the Uniform Trade Secrets Act as a source of plausibly exogenous variation in borrowers’ reliance on trade secrecy, along with a text measure to identify borrowers with trade secrets, I document that trade secrecy shapes syndicate composition by increasing the probability of relationship lending between the lead arranger and the borrower, the lead arranger and syndicate participants, and the participants and the borrower. Further, I find that the lead arrangers retain a larger share of the loan and form syndicates with fewer overall lenders and more lead arrangers in lieu of syndicate participants. Next, I show that institutional lenders are more likely to fund borrowers with trade secrets. Finally, I document that lenders relax securitization requirements and require higher loan spreads. Collectively, this study shows that trade secrecy creates information risk and agency conflicts that have a first-order effect on the design of lending syndicates.Doctor of Philosoph

CHANGES IN ADHERENCE AND PROGRAM RETENTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIV-INFECTED WOMEN RECEIVING OPTION B+ FOR PREVENTING MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV IN KAMPALA, UGANDA: A MIXED METHODS APPROACH

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of HIV continues to be the leading cause of pediatric HIV infections. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care and treatment strategies have been shown to drastically reduce rates of vertical transmission but attrition along the PMTCT cascade is a persisting issue. One barrier for PMTCT is inconsistent medication adherence and program retention. Option B+ is the current strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for PMTCT and includes the provision of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all pregnant and postpartum HIV-infected women, regardless of CD4 cell count or clinical stage, to be continued for life from the time of treatment initiation. Study goal and specific aims: The overall goal of this dissertation was to further the current understanding of medication adherence and program retention of HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women receiving Option B+ for PMTCT and how medication adherence and program retention may change over time. A mixed methods approach was used to address this goal. Manuscript one aims to summarize the existing Option B+ adherence and program retention literature. Manuscript two aims to measure rates of medication adherence and clinic visit attendance in pregnancy and the postpartum period as well as the effects of various factors on these outcomes for a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women presenting for care and initiating treatment at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Manuscript three aims to explore the changing experiences of HIV-infected pregnant women and mothers with the Option B+ program at Mulago National Referral Hospital from pregnancy through six weeks postpartum as well as the changes in potential barriers and facilitators to adherence and program retention that may occur over time. Methods: First, a systematic review of the current Option B+ adherence and program retention literature was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase, Global Health and Scopus databases for relevant peer-reviewed studies. Second, routinely collected PMTCT program data were used for a longitudinal analysis of adherence and clinic visit attendance from pregnancy through six months postpartum for a cohort of first-time initiators of Option B+ at Mulgo National Referral Hospital in 2014. Third, a series of longitudinal in-depth interviews during pregnancy and at six weeks postpartum were conducted with a subgroup of HIV-infected pregnant women participating in the “Friends for Life Circles” randomized controlled trial and assigned to receive the standard of care at Mulago National Referral Hospital. Results: The systematic review found that loss to follow-up (LTFU), patient self-report and pill counts were the most commonly used measures of program retention and medication adherence and that these outcomes varied greatly across studies and program implementation settings. The longitudinal data analysis found that a relatively low proportion of HIV-infected women were adherent in pregnancy and that the proportion of adherent women decreased at six months postpartum. A number of factors were found to predict adherence in pregnancy and six months postpartum, but only status disclosure was associated with sustained adherence at both time points. This study also found that postpartum clinic visit attendance remained consistent and that previous PMTCT experience, previous HIV diagnosis, time spent on ART during pregnancy and male partner counseling and testing in antenatal care were predictors of sustained clinic visit attendance at six weeks and six months postpartum. The in-depth interviews found medication adherence and clinic visit attendance to be consistently high among participants, but also identified a number of themes surrounding experiences with ART adherence and the Option B+ program in pregnancy and at six weeks postpartum. Effective messaging and counseling at the time of HIV testing and treatment initiation, support from health workers between clinic visits, HIV status disclosure during pregnancy and a desire for a healthy baby and a healthy life were the biggest motivators for good medication adherence and clinic visit attendance, while concerns with unwanted HIV status exposure, modifying daily routines to prioritize ART adherence and health, concerns with the Option B+ approach and health facility limitations came through as potential barriers to good adherence and clinic visit attendance. Conclusions: The results of this dissertation may be useful as PMTCT clinical care and research teams continue to strive toward the goal of eliminating vertical HIV transmission. First, this work confirms the limitations that exist with pill count adherence measures and should encourage continued efforts to improve and standardize adherence measurements in the future. Second, this work underscores the need for continued monitoring and evaluation of maternal medication adherence and program retention as well as interventions aimed at improving these outcomes. Focusing on strategies for improving ART adherence during pregnancy might be effective for improving and sustaining good adherence and program retention over time. More specifically, increasing effective status disclosure, supporting health workers to provide appropriate guidance during HIV testing and ART initiation as well as throughout pregnancy and addressing the specific needs of HIV-infected pregnant women who work outside the home or desire to work outside the home may be appropriate for improving adherence and program retention in pregnancy and the postpartum period

The Power to See: A New Graphical Test of Normality

Many statistical procedures assume the underlying data generating process involves Gaussian errors. Among the well-known procedures are ANOVA, multiple regression, linear discriminant analysis and many more. There are a few popular procedures that are commonly used to test for normality such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the ShapiroWilk test. Excluding the Kolmogorov-Smirnov testing procedure, these methods do not have a graphical representation. As such these testing methods offer very little insight as to how the observed process deviates from the normality assumption. In this paper we discuss a simple new graphical procedure which provides confidence bands for a normal quantile-quantile plot. These bands define a test of normality and are much narrower in the tails than those related to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Correspondingly the new procedure has much greater power to detect deviations from normality in the tails

Burglary in London: insights from statistical heterogeneous spatial point processes

To obtain operational insights regarding the crime of burglary in London, we consider the estimation of the effects of covariates on the intensity of spatial point patterns. Inspired by localized properties of criminal behaviour, we propose a spatial extension to mixtures of generalized linear models from the mixture modelling literature. The Bayesian model proposed is a finite mixture of Poisson generalized linear models such that each location is probabilistically assigned to one of the groups. Each group is characterized by the regression coefficients, which we subsequently use to interpret the localized effects of the covariates. By using a blocks structure of the study region, our approach enables specifying spatial dependence between nearby locations. We estimate the proposed model by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and we provide a Python implementation

Identification of human nephron progenitors capable of generation of kidney structures and functional repair of chronic renal disease

Identification of tissue-specific renal stem/progenitor cells with nephrogenic potential is a critical step in developing cell-based therapies for renal disease. In the human kidney, stem/progenitor cells are induced into the nephrogenic pathway to form nephrons until the 34 week of gestation, and no equivalent cell types can be traced in the adult kidney. Human nephron progenitor cells (hNPCs) have yet to be isolated. Here we show that growth of human foetal kidneys in serum-free defined conditions and prospective isolation of NCAM1(+) cells selects for nephron lineage that includes the SIX2-positive cap mesenchyme cells identifying a mitotically active population with in vitro clonogenic and stem/progenitor properties. After transplantation in the chick embryo, these cells—but not differentiated counterparts—efficiently formed various nephron tubule types. hNPCs engrafted and integrated in diseased murine kidneys and treatment of renal failure in the 5/6 nephrectomy kidney injury model had beneficial effects on renal function halting disease progression. These findings constitute the first definition of an intrinsic nephron precursor population, with major potential for cell-based therapeutic strategies and modelling of kidney disease