10 research outputs found
Runoff simulation using SWAT model and SUFI-2 algorithm (Case study: Shafaroud watershed, Guilan Province, Iran)
Reliable estimates of runoff are required as a part of the information sets that help watershed managers make
informed decisions on water resources planning and management. This study was carried out in Shafaroud
watershed located in the north of Iran. In order to achieve the best runoff simulation in the study area, first rainfall
data of four stations during 1998 to 2011 were collected and combined with other maps of the study area, such as
Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use and soil as input data in the form ofSoil and Water Assessment Tools
(SWAT) model. After running the model, the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm in SWAT
calibration and uncertainty program (SWAT-CUP) were used to evaluate the data uncertainty and the most
accurate simulation. The first three years (1998-2000) of rainfall data for warm-up and the next 7 years (2001-2007)
for the calibration and final 4 years (2008-2011) were used for the validation period. Finally, with multiple
simulations, the uncertainty of the parameters was assessed with P-factor, R-factor, R
2 and NS coefficients. The
results of validation period (R
^2=0.85, NS=0.74) confirmed the potential of SUFI-2 algorithm of SWAT-CUP
program for simulating runoff data in the study area
Soil and water salinization in Ghaleh Ghazi region, Iran
Approximately 34% of soils
in Asia are influenced by salts. With about
25 million ha of saline and alkaline lands,
about 15% of the country, Iran has the most
saline lands in Asia after China, India, and
Pakistan due to its geographical position,
climate and human activities. This research
was done due to determine the effective
factors on soil and water salinization. At the
first the boundaries of this region were
characterized using GIS, then landuses were
determined for field survey and also soil
sampling in nine landuses were done
according to both factors of planting pattern
and water resources in each unit. The soil
profile was prepared and soil samples were
obtained from surface depths of (0 - 50 cm)
and some factors such as soil texture EC,
SAR, pH, CaCO3, Cl and potassium were
measured. For study of water resources
some samples were obtained from 30 wells
and also from upland runoff, then soil and
water sample were analyzed and some
parameters such as EC, SAR, Cl- and pH
were measured. Finally, according to data
base, geological map, topography map,
landuse map, soil and water measured data
and also field studies, soil and water
salinization schedule and region status were
investigated. The results showed that
important factors influencing water
salinization in Ghaleh Ghazi region (Iran)
are geological formations located in aquifer
recharge and climate condition. Important
factors of soil salinization in region are
irrigation with saline water, improper
irrigation method, unsuitable planting
method, climate condition and landform
An integrated approach toward sustainability via groundwater banking in the southern Central Valley, California
Intensive groundwater withdrawals in California have resulted in depletion of streams and aquifers in some regions. Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag‐MAR) initiatives have recently been piloted in California to mitigate the effects of unsustainable groundwater withdrawals. These initiatives rely on capturing wet‐year water and spreading it on large areas of irrigated agricultural lands to enhancerecharge to aquifers. While recharge studies typically consider local effects on aquifer storage, few studies have investigated Ag‐MAR benefits and challenges at a regional scale. Here we used the Integrated Water Flow Model, to evaluate how Ag‐MAR projects can affect streamflows, diversions, pumping, and unsaturated zone flows in the southern Central Valley, California. We further tested the sensitivity of three different spatial patterns of Ag‐MAR, each chosen based on different thresholds of soil suitability, on the hydrologic system. This study investigates how the distribution of Ag‐MAR lands benefit the regional groundwater system and other water balance components. The results suggest that Ag‐MAR benefits vary as a function of the location of Ag‐MAR lands. Stream‐aquifer interactions play a crucial factor in determining the ability to increase groundwater storage in overdrafted basins. The results also indicate that Ag‐MAR projects conducted during the November–April recharge season have implications for water rights outside of the Ag‐MAR season. If not properly monitored, Ag‐MAR can cause a rise of groundwater table into the root zone, negatively impacting sensitive crops. Our work also highlights the benefits of using an integrated hydrologic and management model to evaluate Ag‐MAR at a regional scale