Necrotizing mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in goat. Case report

Cattle, Feedlot, NRD, UNL, 201

True Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) in Horses from Northeast Region of Brazil

Background: Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a viral infection, caused by a lentivirus of the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinael subfamily and its occurrence generates significant economic losses due to culling of positive animals as a measure of infection control. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence of horses positive for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and to identify the occurrence of areas with higher densities of cases in the states of Paraíba (PB), Pernambuco (PE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Ceará (CE), Northeast region of Brazil, during the rainy (May and June) and dry (October and November) periods of 2017 and 2018.Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples from 6,566 horses from the states of PB, PE, RN and CE, Brazil, provided by the Laboratório Veterinária Diagnóstico - Ltda., were used. Serological diagnosis of EIA was performed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening test and agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) as a confirmatory test. The apparent prevalence was obtained by dividing the number of seroreactive animals by the total number of animals, while the true prevalence was estimated by adjusting the apparent prevalence, considering the sensitivity (100%) and specificity (98.6%) of the diagnostic protocol used. For the construction of Kernel estimates, the Quartic function was used. In the dry season, of the 1,564 animals sampled, 28 were serologically positive, of which 19 belonged to the state of Ceará, 7 to Paraíba and 2 to Rio Grande do Norte. In 2018, it was observed that, during the rainy season, 26 of the 1,635 horses were seroreactive, with 19 cases resulting from Ceará, 4 from Paraíba and 3 from Pernambuco. In the dry season, 32 of the 1,526 animals were seroreactive to EIAV, of which 26 were from Ceará, 3 from Paraíba, 1 from Rio Grande do Norte and 2 from Pernambuco. In the dry period of 2017, the CE had a real prevalence of 1.22% (95% CI = 0.05 - 2.99%). In 2018, during the rainy season, prevalences of 0.03% (95% CI = 0 - 1.18%) were identified in CE and 1.69% (95% CI = 0 - 8.38%) in PE. Regarding the 2018 dry period, a prevalence of 1.32% (95% CI = 0.26 - 2.84%) was found in the state of CE. In both dry and rainy periods of 2017, the presence of spatial clusters of animals positive for EIA was observed, mainly in the border areas among the states of CE, PE, PB and RN. In 2018, there was a variation in the distribution of areas with higher densities of cases between the rainy and dry periods.Discussion: The state of CE had the highest prevalence of positive animals and the presence of areas with higher densities of EIA cases in both climatic periods, in the years 2017 and 2018. In some municipalities of the CE, important sporting events of agglomeration of animals take place, which can favor the transmission of EIAV by facilitating the contact of infected and susceptible animals. Population density may be a factor associated with the higher prevalence observed in this region, as it has the second largest herd among the states studied. Higher densities indirectly contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases, as they favor the contact of infected and susceptible animals. The occurrence of higher densities of cases in the border areas of the states of PE, RN, CE, and PB may be related to the greater movement of animals in these regions, favoring the indirect contact of infected horses with susceptible ones. The observed results demonstrate the circulation of the EIAV in four states in the Northeast region of Brazil.Keywords: Equine infectious anemia virus, prevalence, spatial clusters, epidemiology

Endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with Paspalum atratum and its potential for plant growth promotion with different phosphate sources

The genus Paspalum belongs to the family Poaceae and has several species that are native to Brazil. The Paspalum Germplasm Bank (GB) of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation comprises approximately 450 accessions from 50 species. Among these accessions, Paspalum atratum (BGP 308) has economic potential for forage purposes. However, the endophytic and rhizospheric microbial communities within this accession and their ability to promote plant growth remain unknown. The present study aimed to isolate the endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with P. atratum and to assess their potential for plant growth improvement, so-called plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). For the in vitro tests, the ability of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), phosphate solubilization (PS) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production were evaluated. A total of 116 endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria were obtained from the isolation. In the in vitro tests, 43 (37.00%) of these isolates showed positive NFB, PS, and IAA results. These isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) ranged from 2 to 3.61, all 43 strains performed biological nitrogen fixation and the IAA production ranged from 12.85 to 431.41 μg ml−1. Eight of these 43 isolates were evaluated in vivo in a greenhouse using P. atratum caryopsis. The pots were filled with soil prepared with three different phosphate sources and one control without phosphate. After growth, the plants were submitted to morphological, bromatological and chemical determination. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In the in vivo test, treatments 105 (Pseudomonas sp.) and 458 (Pseudomonas sp.) were the most significant for the crystalline phosphate source, 109 (Bacillus sp.) for the sedimentary phosphate source and, as for the soluble phosphate source most treatments that received bacterial isolates had higher phosphorus content in the dry matter than the uninoculated soluble phosphate control. The 105FCR (crystalline phosphate + Pseudomonas sp.), 109FSE (sedimentary phosphate + Bacillus sp.), and 110 FSE (sedimentary phosphate + Enterobacter sp.) treatments showed the best results for plant growth promotion. This work made it possible to determine the bacterial community associated with P. atratum (BGP308) and to obtain new potential plant growth-promoting strains

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew gum: Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity against 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line

Copper nanoparticles stabilized with cashew (CG-CuNPs) were synthesized by reduction reaction using ascorbic acid and sodium borohydride, using the cashew gum (CG) as a natural polymer stabilizer. Dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the nanoparticles (CG-CuNPs), and copper was quantified by electrochemical measurement. The UV-vis spectra of the CG-CuNPs confirmed the formation of nanoparticles by appearance of a surface plasmon band at 580 nm after 24 h of reaction. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of CG-CuNPs showed the peak at 1704 cm−1 from cashew gum, confirming the presence of the gum in the nanoparticles. The average size of CG-CuNPs by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy was around 10 nm, indicating small, approximately spherical particles. Antimicrobial assays showed that CG-CuNPs had activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.64 mM. The cytotoxicity assay on BALB/c murine macrophages showed lower cytotoxic effects for CG-CuNPs than CuSO4·5H2O. Viability cell assays for CG-CuNPs at (0.250 mM) inhibited by 70% the growth of 4T1 LUC (4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell line) and NIH 3T3 cells (murine fibroblast cells) over a 24-h period. Therefore, CG-CuNPs can be used as an antimicrobial agent with lower cytotoxic effects than the CuSO4·5H2O precursor.The author would like to thank at UCM for performingDPV, USP by X-ray diffraction experiment, REQUIMTE/LAQV for FTIR, UnB and UFPI for the cytotoxicityassays, as well as at UFPI for help with DLS, UV-Vis,AFM, and microbiological experiments. This work was supported by Project 400398/2014-1—Desenvolvimento de Nanopartículas Estabilizadas com Goma de Cajueiro para Aplicações Biotecnologicas, financed by CNPq. AlexandraPlácido is grateful to FCT by her grant SFRH/BD/97995/2013, financed by POPH-QREN-Tipologia 4.1-Formação Avançada, subsidized by Fundo Social Europeu and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Imposto de renda e indenização: análise da evolução jurisprudencial nos Tribunais Superiores = Income tax and indemnification: analysis of jurisprudential evolution in the Superior Courts

- Relatório de Pesquisa Realizada pelos Membros do Grupo 1 de Pesquisa do “IBDT Jovem”

EscreverCOM: com quem? com o quê? para quê? / WritingWITH: with whom? with what? For what?

ResumoEste artigo problematiza a escrita do trabalho acadêmico. Toma por base o argumento de que a escrita é parte inerente à investigação e, a partir das considerações de Haraway (2008, 1995), afirma a escrita como prática situada e marcada. O trabalho aposta no fazerCOM como direção ética e epistemológica da pesquisa e apresenta discussão acerca da partilha da escrita de diários de campo, entre pesquisadores e pesquisados. O texto conclui indicando que a escrita partilhada dos diários de campo abre possibilidades inéditas na construção das narrativas acerca da deficiência, menos como déficit e mais como reinvenção da vida.Palavras-chave: Escrita Acadêmica; PesquisarCOM; Deficiência Visual; Narrativas. AbstractThis paper problematizes academic writing by arguing that writing is an inherent part of research. Based on considerations of  Haraway (2008, 1995) it affirms that writing is a situated and marked practice. The work bets on doingWITH as the ethical and epistemological direction of the research and presents a discussion about the sharing of written field diaries, between researchers and researched. The text concludes by pointing out that the shared writing of the field diaries opens up new possibilities in the construction of narratives about disability, less as deficits and more as a reinvention of life.Keywords: Academic Writing; ResearchWITH; Visual Disability; Narratives

ANÁLISE DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DE PACIENTES INTERNADOS POR LEPTOSPIROSE NO BRASIL ENTRE 2017 A 2022

Human leptospirosis is a disease caused by a bacteria of the genus Leptospira, infection of people occurs mainly through the urine of infected animals or contaminated water, with wounds on the skin, ocular mucous membranes, oral and nasal cavities being the main entry points for the human body. In the past, it was said that this disease predominated in rural areas, but today it is known that the majority of those infected are in urban areas. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of leptospirosis in Brazil METHODS: Cross-sectional research, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with data from January 2018 to December 2022. The selected participants were Brazilians infected by the leptospira bacteria. Data collection was done through the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS), hosted at DATASUS. RESULTS: According to the data obtained, it was found that the total number of people infected by leptospirosis in these 5 years was 9,742. Of those infected in Brazil, 3,298 (34.81%) live in the southern region, 2,685 (28 .34%) live in the southeast region, 1,086 (11.46%) in the north region, 2,257 (23.82%) in the northeast region and 146 (1.54%) in the central-west region. It is also important to highlight the total number of deaths due to reported conditions, which was 580, corresponding to a fatality rate of 5,95% of infected citizens. CONCLUSION: Leptospira infection is more common in places where floods frequently occur, especially in urban locations, and transmission is increased by the lack of prevention and awareness actions among the population.A leptospirose humana é uma doença causada por uma bactéria do gênero Leptospira, a infecção de pessoas acontece principalmente através da urina de animais contagiados ou por água contaminada, sendo feridas na pele, mucosas oculares, cavidade bucal e nasal as principais portas de entrada para o corpo humano. Antigamente, dizia-se que essa doença predominava na área rural, mas sabe-se, hoje, que na área urbana é onde está a maior parte dos infectados. OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos epidemiológico da leptospirose no Brasil MÉTODOS: Pesquisa transversal, de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, com dados de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2022. Os participantes selecionados foram brasileiros infectados pela bactéria leptospira. A coleta dos dados foi feita por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), hospedado no DATASUS. RESULTADOS: De acordo com os dados obtidos, é constatado que o número total de pessoas infectadas pela leptospirose nesses 5 anos foi de 9742. Sendo que, desses infectados no Brasil, 3.298 (34,81%) habitam na região sul, 2.685 (28,34%) habitam na região sudeste, 1.086 (11,46%)na região norte, 2.257 (23,82%) na região nordeste e 146 (1,54%) na região centro-oeste. É importante destacar também o total de óbitos por agravo notificado, que foi de 580, correspondendo a um índice de letalidade de 5,95% dos cidadãos infectados. CONCLUSÃO: A infecção pela leptospira é mais frequente em locais que frequentemente ocorrem enchentes, principalmente em localidades urbanas, e a transmissão é potencializada pela falta de ações de prevenção e conscientização da população