Dietary effects of cottonseed and vitamin E on greenhouse gas emissions from cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas com caroço de algodão e vitamina E nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) de fezes de bovinos analisadas em biodigestores. As fezes dos animais foram avaliadas em 18 digestores anaeróbios de laboratório, por meio dos seguintes tratamentos: controle, fezes de vacas alimentadas com dieta controle; CS, fezes de vacas alimentadas com caroço de algodão; e CSVitE, fezes de vacas alimentadas com caroço de algodão e vitamina E. As produções de biogás e GEE foram medidas, e não foram observadas diferenças para as emissões de biogás, metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O). A partição da energia bruta do processo de digestão anaeróbica foi semelhante entre os tratamentos. Em média, 28% da energia bruta alimentada foi liberada como CH4, 47% na digestão e 25% como outros gases e calor. A adição de caroços de algodão na dieta de bovinos aumenta a concentração de CH4 e reduz a de CO2, mas não afeta a produção total de CH4, CO2 e N2O nos biodigestores. A inclusão de vitamina E na dieta não tem efeito na produção de GEE nos biodigestores.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of diets with cottonseed and vitamin E on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of cattle feces analyzed in biodigesters. Animal feces were evaluated in 18 laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters through the following treatments: control, feces from cows fed with a control diet; CS, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed diet; and CSVitE, feces from cows fed with a cottonseed and vitamin E diet. The production of biogas and GHG was measured, and no differences were observed for the emissions of biogas, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The partition of the gross energy of the anaerobic digestion process was similar among treatments. On average, 28% of gross energy fed was released as CH4, 47% during digestion, and 25% as other gases and heat. The addition of cottonseeds to the cattle diet increases the concentration of CH4 and reduces that of CO2, but it does not affect the total production of CH4, CO2, and N2O in the biodigesters. The inclusion of vitamin E in the diet has no effect on GHG production in the biodigesters

Emissões de metano entérico e das fezes, parâmetros fermentativos ruminais e comportamento ingestivo de bovinos alimentados com caroço de algodão e vitamina E

Problems about greenhouse gas emissions attributed to cattle production and improvements in the productivity of these animals has been growing and becoming increasingly important. Cattle releases methane as part of their digestive process, and this represents loss of energy for the animal. The decomposition of feces releases methane and it can be recovered by digester and transformed into different types of energy. Thus, aiming to quantify the potential production of enteric methane and anaerobic fecal decomposition, as well as to evaluate ruminal and behavioral parameters of cattle fed with cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows (864±16 kg) were distributed in a replicate 3x3 Latin square. Treatments were: 1) control diet; 2) CS: basal diet plus 30% cottonseed and 3) CSVitE: basal diet plus 30% of cottonseed plus 500 UI of vitamin E. Results were compared through orthogonal contrast and values were considered significant when P0,05. No differences were observed for dry matter intake (DMI), as well as digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Animals supplemented with cottonseed spent more time eating and ruminating and less time in idles. Reduction in the concentration and production of acetate, butyrate and the acetate: propionate ratio was observed in animals fed cottonseed compared to the control. Enteric methane mitigation was observed for the cottonseed treatments compared to the control. Changes in the substrates characteristics used to load the digesters were observed. However, no differences were verified for the total biogas production, methane yield and capacity to recover the energy of the feces in the form of methane. Inclusion of 30% cottonseed can be used as a strategy to mitigate enteric methane, without causing losses in the DMI, nutrients digestibility and anaerobic digestion of feces. In addition, it promoted favorable changes in the ingestive behavior, ruminal fermentation products, as well as in the energy partition of the gastrointestinal tract. Vitamin E when is used as antioxidant had not effect on ruminal fermentation, feeding behavior and feces anaerobic digestion, thus the inclusion is not advised due absence of positive results.A problemática das emissões de gases de efeito estufa atribuída à produção de bovinos e melhorias na produtividade desses animais vem crescendo e se tornando cada vez mais importante. Bovinos emitem metano como parte do seu processo digestivo, e isto representa perda de energia para o animal. A decomposição das fezes gera metano, este pode ser recuperado por biodigestores e transformado em diferentes tipos de energia. Assim, objetivou-se quantificar o potencial de produção do metano entérico e da decomposição anaeróbia das fezes, bem como avaliar parâmetros ruminais e comportamentais de bovinos alimentados com caroço de algodão e vitamina E. Foram utilizadas seis vacas fistuladas não gestantes e não lactantes (876 kg±16). Os tratamentos foram: 1) Controle: dieta basal; 2) CA: dieta basal mais 30% de caroço de algodão; 3) CAVitE: dieta basal mais 30% de caroço de algodão mais 500 UI vitamina E. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino. Os resultados foram comparados por contrastes ortogonais e foram considerados significantes valores de P0,05. Não foram verificadas diferenças para o consumo de matéria seca (MS), bem como digestibilidade da MS e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Os animais suplementados com caroço de algodão passaram maior tempo comendo e ruminando e menor tempo em ócio. Houve redução na concentração e produção de acetato, butirato e da relação acetato:propionato dos animais que receberam caroço de algodão comparado ao controle. A inclusão do caroço de algodão provocou mitigação das emissões de metano entérico. Houve alteração nas características dos substratos utilizados para abastecer os biodigestores. No entanto, não foram verificadas diferenças para a produção total de biogás, rendimento de metano e capacidade dos biodigestores em recuperar a energia das fezes na forma de metano. A inclusão de 30% caroço de algodão pode ser utilizada como estratégia para mitigar metano entérico, sem causar perdas no consumo, digestibilidade dos alimentos e na biodigestão anaeróbia das fezes. Além disso, sua inclusão promoveu alterações favoráveis no comportamento ingestivo, nos produtos da fermentação ruminal, bem como na partição de energia do trato gastrointestinal. A vitamina E quando utilizada como antioxidante não possui efeitos sobre a fermentação ruminal, comportamento ingestivo e biodigestão anaeróbia das fezes, assim sua inclusão não é indicada devido a ausência de resultados favoráveis a sua utilização

Inclusão de cana-de-açúcar triturada em biodigestores abastecidos com dejetos de bovinos de corte confinados

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da co-digestão de cana-de-açúcar triturada, com dejetos de bovinos de corte confinados sobre a quantidade e qualidade do biogás e da qualidade do biofertilizante, utilizando-se biodigestores contínuos. O experimento foi dividido em três etapas. A primeira e segunda etapas tiveram duração de 30 dias, avaliando-se o efeito da inclusão de 7% de cana-de-açúcar triturada de acordo com os tratamentos: 1 - biodigestores abastecidos com uma mistura de 0,250 kg de dejeto e 1,750 kg de água e 2 - biodigestores abastecidos com uma mistura de 0,250 kg de dejeto, 1,610 kg de água e 0,140 kg de cana-de-açúcar, sendo a primeira etapa dos 1-30 dias e a segunda etapa do 31-60 dias. A terceira etapa teve duração de 30 dias e foi avaliado o efeito da inclusão de 3,5% de cana-de-açúcar, sendo que no tratamento 1 os biodigestores abastecidos com uma mistura de 0,250 kg de dejeto, 1750 kg de água e no tratamento 2 os biodigestores abastecidos com 0,250kg de dejeto, 1,680 kg de água e 0,070 kg de cana-de-açúcar triturada. Para análise dos dados foi considerou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se o programa SAS® com nível de significância de 5%. A adição de cana-de-açúcar triturada aliada a queda brusca de temperatura provocou um aumento da acidez, diminuição da alcalinidade e redução pH, interferindo na produção e composição do biogás. Os biodigestores com cana tiveram uma produção total de biogás superior, e um volume total de metano semelhante aos biodigestores sem cana. No primeiro e no terceiro período as produções totais de biogás, a produção total por quilograma de substrato adicionado e a produção total por quilograma de dejeto adicionado, foram superiores para os biodigestores com cana. No segunda período a produção total por quilograma de...The objective of evaluating the effect of the co-digestion of triturated sugarcane with manure of cattle beef in feedlot in continuous digestors about the amount and quality of the biogas and of the biofertilizer. The work was divided in three stages. The first and the second part had duration of 30 days and evaluated the effect of the inclusion of 7% of triturated sugarcane in agreement with the treatments. Treatment 1 the digestors were supplied with a mixture of 0,250 kg of manure, 1,750 kg of water and treatment 2 the digestors were supplied with a mixture of 0,250 kg of manure, 1,610 kg of water and 0,140 kg of triturated sugarcane, where the first part was the 1-30 days and the second part was the 31-60 days. The third part had duration of 30 days and the effect of the inclusion of 3,5% of sugarcane was evaluated. Treatment 1 the digestors were supplied with a mixture of 0,250 kg of manure, 1,750 kg of water and treatment 2 the digestors were supplied with a mixture of 0,250 kg of manure, 1,680 kg of water and 0,070 kg of triturated sugarcane. For it analyzes of the data was used delineament casualised entirely accomplished... (Complete abstract click electronic access below

Inclusão de cana-de-açúcar triturada em biodigestores abastecidos com dejetos de bovinos de corte confinado

The objective of this study was toevaluatethe effect of the co-digestion of triturated sugarcane with beef cattlerfeddlotmanure in continuous digestorsin the amount and quality of biogas and biofertilizer. To do so, the work was divided in three steps. The first and the second part lasted30 days each and evaluated the effect of the additionof 7% of triturated sugarcane in agreement with the followingtreatments:treatment, the digestors were supplied with a mixture of 0,250 kg of manure and 1,750 kg of water ;treatment 2, the digestors were supplied with a mixture of 0,250 kg of manure, 1,610 kg of water, and 0,140 kg of triturated sugarcane. To The third period lasted 30 days and evaluated the effect of adding 3.5% of sugarcane crushed. The data analyses was performed with randomized designusing SAS®program with level of significance of 5%. The digesters with sugarcane produced in the first period respectively 0.79, 0.0127, and 0.102 m3of total production, of biogas production per kilogram of substrate, and of total production per kilogram of manure versus 0.5, 0.0081, and 0.065 m3from the control treatment, respectively..In the thirdperiod,each variable had a total production of 0.76, 0.123, and 0.98 m3and the control treatment yielded 0.51, 0.065, and 0.0082 m3.In the second period,the total production per kilogram of solidand of volatile solids added were higher in the digesters without sugarcane (0.0093 and 0.438 m3) when compared to the digesters that had additionof 7% of cane(0.271 and 0.336 m3).Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da co-digestãode cana-de-açúcar triturada em diferentes porcentagens com dejetos de bovinos de corte confinados sobre a quantidade e qualidade do biogás, utilizando-se biodigestores contínuos. O experimento foi dividido em três etapas. A primeira e segunda etapas tiveram duração de 30 dias cada, avaliando-se o efeito da inclusão de 7% de cana-de-açúcar triturada de acordo com os tratamentos: 1 - biodigestores abastecidos com uma mistura de 0,250 kg de dejeto e 1,750 kg de água e 2 - biodigestores abastecidos com uma mistura de 0,250 kg de dejeto, 1,610 kg de água e 0,140 kg de cana-de-açúcar, sendo a primeira etapa dos 1-30 dias e a segunda etapa do 31-60 dias. O terceiro período teve duração de 30 dias e foi avaliado o efeito da inclusão de 3,5% de cana-de-açúcar triturada. Para análise dos dados considerou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando-se o programa SAS® com nível de significância de 5%. Os biodigestores com cana tiveram uma produção total de biogás de 1,69967m3 e o tratamento controle produziu 1,30822 m3 de biogás. Os biodigestores com cana produziram no primeiro período respectivamente 0,79, 0,0127 e 0,102 m3 para produção total de biogás, produção total por quilograma de substrato e produção total por quilograma de dejeto contra 0,5, 0,0081e 0,065 m3 do tratamento controle respectivamente. No terceiro período para as mesmas variáveis a inclusão de 3,5% de cana produziu 0,76, 0,123 e 0,98 m3 e os biodigestores controle produziram 0,51, 0,0082 e 0,065 m3. No segundo período a produção total por quilograma de sólidos totais adicionados e sólidos voláteis adicionados foi maior para os biodigestores sem cana 0,0093 e 0,438 m3 comparado com a inclusão de 7% de cana, 0,271 e 0,336 m3, respectivamente

Nutrient digestibility and changes in feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E

High lipid concentration in ruminant diets often harms nutrient digestibility and feed intake; thus, a protected lipid and antioxidant source can be considered as an alternative for improving diet energy without putting animal production at a disadvantage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility and feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows, non-pregnant, non-lactating were distributed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Feed was offered ad libitum twice daily. Treatments were: 1) Control, 2) CS: 30 % cottonseed included; and 3) CSVitE: 30 % cottonseed plus 500 IU VitE included. Data were analyzed by SAS (Statistical Analysis System, v.9.3) and the significance was declared at p < 0.05. Diets with cottonseed had 22 % greater digestibility of ether extract and 9 % lower digestibility of non-fiber-carbohydrates compared to the control. Treatments with cottonseed had 13 % higher time eating, 48 % more ruminating, 34 % more chewing and 17 % lower time idling compared to the control. Molar proportion of propionate was 36 % higher and the butyrate and acetate:propionate ratio were 27 % and 30 % lower, respectively, for the cottonseed treatments compared to the control. Including cottonseed up to 30 % can be used to increase diet energy density leading to improvements in feeding behavior and ruminal parameters. The inclusion of Vitamin E did not result in benefits to cattle when it was combined with cottonseed. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate vitamin E levels in association with different amounts and lipid sources

Nutrient digestibility and changes in feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E

ABSTRACT: High lipid concentration in ruminant diets often harms nutrient digestibility and feed intake; thus, a protected lipid and antioxidant source can be considered as an alternative for improving diet energy without putting animal production at a disadvantage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient digestibility and feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows, non-pregnant, non-lactating were distributed in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design. Feed was offered ad libitum twice daily. Treatments were: 1) Control, 2) CS: 30 % cottonseed included; and 3) CSVitE: 30 % cottonseed plus 500 IU VitE included. Data were analyzed by SAS (Statistical Analysis System, v.9.3) and the significance was declared at p < 0.05. Diets with cottonseed had 22 % greater digestibility of ether extract and 9 % lower digestibility of non-fiber-carbohydrates compared to the control. Treatments with cottonseed had 13 % higher time eating, 48 % more ruminating, 34 % more chewing and 17 % lower time idling compared to the control. Molar proportion of propionate was 36 % higher and the butyrate and acetate:propionate ratio were 27 % and 30 % lower, respectively, for the cottonseed treatments compared to the control. Including cottonseed up to 30 % can be used to increase diet energy density leading to improvements in feeding behavior and ruminal parameters. The inclusion of Vitamin E did not result in benefits to cattle when it was combined with cottonseed. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate vitamin E levels in association with different amounts and lipid sources

Methane mitigation and ruminal fermentation changes in cows fed cottonseed and vitamin E

Inherently, ruminant production of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas (GHG), causes animal energy losses. Cottonseed is a lipid source and is used sometimes to enhance energy density in cattle diets. It also can mitigate enteric CH4. Lipids release peroxides in the rumen, and antioxidants have the ability to neutralize them. Thus, a lipid and antioxidant source can benefit rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate rumen fermentation parameters from cows fed cottonseed and vitamin E. Six cannulated cows were arranged in a replicate 3 × 3 latin square. Treatments were: 1) Control, 2) CS (30 % corn replaced by cottonseed) and 3) CSVitE (30 % corn replaced by cottonseed, plus 500 IU VitE). Results were compared by orthogonal contrast. When compared to the control diet, cottonseed inclusion reduced enteric CH4 emissions by 42 %. Production of acetate, butyrate and the acetate to propionate ratio were respectively 34 %, 47 % and 36 % lower with the cottonseed treatments. Energy lost in the rumen as CH4 and energy release as butyrate were reduced by 26 % and 32 % respectively. Propionate and intestinal energy release were, respectively, 43 % and 35 % higher with cottonseed treatments. Furthermore, as a nutritional strategy to mitigate enteric CH4, cottonseed has positive effects on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and gastrointestinal energy release. Vitamin E did not result in improvements in ruminal fermentation. Further studies evaluating levels of vitamin E in association with different amounts and sources of lipids are required